Okubalulekile kwe-Anemia
I-anemia ichazwa njengenombolo ephansi kunejwayelekile evamile yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (ama-RBCs) noma i-hemoglobin, iphrotheni ayinayo ehambisa i-oxygen emaqenjini akho. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu babhekisela ku-anemia ngokuthi "igazi eliphansi."
Incazelo ye-anemia ishintsho kulo lonke impilo ngoba inombolo evamile ye-RBC noma i-hemoglobin iyashintsha njengoba sikhula. Izinsana ziqala nge-hemoglobin / RBCs ephezulu, zibalwa ukuthi zinciphisa kancane ngaphezu konyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
I-hemoglobin yanda kancane eminyakeni leyo kuze kube yilapho isencane uma ifika ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zabantu abadala. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezivamile emaguqweni avamile ezinganeni, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela wengane yakho ngokuqondene nobubanzi bakhe obuhle nokuthi yini engayenza i-anemia.
Kubantu abadala, i-hemoglobin ejwayelekile esuka ku-14 kuya ku-17.4 g / dL emadodeni kanye no-12.3 kuya ku-15.3 g / dL kwabesifazane. Inani le-RBC emadodeni avela ku-4.5 ukuya ku-5.9 million amaseli ngamamitha-microliters kanye nama-4.1 kuya ku-5.1million amaseli ngamamitha-microliters ngabesifazane.
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Iyini In Antibiotic Yami Okufanele Iyenze Nge-Anemia Yami?
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Thola i-link phakathi kwe-Cancer ne-Anemia
Izinga ngaphansi kwalezi zigaba zingabhekwa njenge-anemia. I-anemia ingabuye ichazwe nge-hematocrit, ekhombisa iphesenti lamaseli abomvu aqhathaniswa namanye amaseli egazini.
Izimbangela ze-Anemia
Kunezimbangela eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo se-anemia:
1) Ukukhiqizwa okunciphise kwamaseli abomvu, okungase kube ngenxa yokuthi:
- Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini noma amaminerali adingekayo ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu / i-hemoglobin. Okuvame kakhulu yi- iron , folate, ne-vitamin B12.
- Isifo sezinso ezingapheli: Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, azikwazi ukukhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa i-erythropoietin, edingekayo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu.
- I-Leukemia: Inani elikhulu lamangqamuzana e-leukemela emnothweni wethambo linganciphisa ikhono lalo lokwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (kanye namaseli amhlophe wegazi noma amaplatelet).
- I-Chemotherapy: I- Chemotherapy ibulala ngokushesha ihlukanisa amangqamuzana afana namangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa futhi ilimaza amangqamuzana amancane emnothweni wethambo okwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (kanye namaseli amhlophe wegazi namaplatelet), okwenza i-anemia kuze kube yilapho ama-stem amangqamuzana ekwazi ukuqhubeka nokukhiqizwa.
- Ukuhluleka komnyosa we-bone: Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi emnothweni wethambo kungabangela i-anemia. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ne-anemia ne- Diamond Blackfan i-anemia . Kuyinto engavamile kulezi zinkinga ukuthi kubangele ukukhiqiza kwehla kwamaseli amhlophe negazi.
- Izifo ezingapheliyo: Abantu abanezifo ezihlala isikhathi eside (i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, njll) noma izifo (isifo sofuba, i-HIV) ingahle ihlakulele i-anemia. Lokhu kunciphisa i-anemia kwenzeka ngoba umzimba awukwazi ukubamba insimbi noma ukusebenzisa insimbi egcinwe emzimbeni kahle.
2) Ukulahleka kwegazi, okungahle kube ngenxa yokuthi:
- Izikhathi ezinzima zokuya esikhathini (i- menorrhagia )
- Ukukhipha isisu kusukela emathunjini emathunjini wesibili kuya ezintweni ezifana nomdlavuza wekoloni, izilonda zesisu / isisu, noma isifo sofuba esiswini
3) Ukubhujiswa okwedlulele kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (i-hemolysis), okungenzeka ukuthi:
- Ama-anemias anelungelo lokuguqula isakhiwo se-hemoglobin noma i-red cell cell, njenge- sickle cell isifo , i- thalassemia , noma i-spherocytosis yefa .
- Yenza i-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia , isimo lapho isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sikhutheka futhi sihlasela ngokungafanele (futhi sibhubhise) amaseli akho abomvu egazi.
Izimpawu ze-Anemia
Uma i-anemia ilula, ungase ungaboni izimpawu. Njengoba i-anemia ikhula, izimpawu zingase zivele / zivezwe ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala
- Ukungabi namandla
- Ukubonakala okubukeka esikhumbeni
- Ukuzivocavoca noma ubukhulu obunzima
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-tachycardia
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- I-Jaundice (ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia zibangela ukuphuza isikhumba)
Ukuthola i-anemia
I-anemia ekuqaleni ikhonjiswe ukuthi inenani eliphelele legazi (i- CBC ) , ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlolwa kuqhutshwa ngoba unesifo se-anemia; ngezinye izikhathi i-anemia ibonakala ngesikhathi lapho i-CBC idonselwa ama-lab.
Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekela impilo uzobheka ukwehla kwe-hematocrit noma i-hemoglobin (noma ngaphansi kokuvamile, isibalo segazi elibomvu).
Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unesifo segazi, udokotela wakho uzosebenza ekunqumeni imbangela yalo. Isiqalo sokuqala salokho okubangela ukuba i-anemia yakho ingaboniswa yi-CBC, njengoba ibika ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngamaseli egazi abomvu, afana nosayizi (lisho ivolumu yomsindo), ukuhluka okwesayizi (ububanzi besabelomali bokusabalalisa), nokuhlushwa i-hemoglobin emangqamuzana egazi abomvu (ukuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin corpuscular corpuscular).
Ubungakanani bamaseli akho abomvu egazi, ikakhulukazi, bunganikeza ulwazi oluhle kakhulu mayelana nombangela oyinhloko we-anemia. Uma kubonakala sengathi bancane (microcytic), kunethuba elihle lokuthi ukungabi nensimbi kuyisola. Amaseli aphuzi egazi ajwayelekile (normocytic) kungenzeka akhombise i-anemia yokuvuvukala. Amaseli amakhulu abomvu egazi (macrocytic) angahlanganiswa nokuntuleka kwe-folate noma i-vithamini B12.
Ezinye izivivinyo ezimbili ezivame ukufakwa ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwe-anemia yizinombolo ze- reticulocyte kanye ne- blood smear .
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Izimpawu Zokwehluleka Kakhulu Kwe-enzyme Emhlabeni Wonke
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Indlela I-Cancer Colon Ingathinta Ngayo I-Hemoglobin Yegazi Lakho
Ama-reticulocyte "angama" amangqamuzana egazi abomvu asanda kukhishwa emnothweni wethambo. Uma une-anemia, umnyofu wethambo kufanele ukwandise ukukhiqizwa kwama-reticulocyte. I-blood smear ivumela udokotela ukuthi abuke amaseli egazi abomvu ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-smear yegazi inikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nenombolo, ubukhulu, nokuma kwamaseli abomvu egazi, okungase kubonise imbangela eyimbangela ye-anemia.
Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa oyinhloko angase akubheke isifo semfuyo , udokotela ogxile ekuphazameni kwegazi, ukucacisa imbangela ye-anemia yakho. Mhlawumbe uzothola umsebenzi wegazi ngaphezulu ukuze uqinisekise imbangela ye-anemia yakho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Anemia
Njengezimbangela ze-anemia, kunezokwelapha eziningi. Ukwelashwa okudingayo kuxhomeke ekubambeni kwe-anemia yakho. Ukwelashwa kufaka:
- Izithako ezifana ne-iron, folate, noma i-vitamin B12
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi
- I-Chemotherapy (uma i-anemia ibangelwa umdlavuza)
- I-Splenectomy (ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-spleen) kwezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia ye-hemolytic
- Izilonda ze-Erythropoietin (kubantu abane-anemia abangelwa yisifo sezinso)
- I-Steroids (ye-anemia ye-hemolytic autoimmune)
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia azikho ukwelashwa okuqondile futhi zingase zithole impilo yonke. Uma i-anemia ibangelwa ukugula okungapheli, ukwelashwa kwesimo esibucayi kungase kuthuthukise i-anemia yakho.
Izwi elivela
Ngemva kokufunda une-anemia, kungokwemvelo ukubuza: Yini eyabangela? Ngenzenjani ngakho? Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye i-anemias kulula ukuyihlolisisa nokuphatha, kanti abanye bangathatha isikhathi eside. Unganaki ukuthi uzizwa kanjani noma uziyeke izimpawu zakho. Vula futhi uthembeke nodokotela wakho futhi usebenze ndawonye ukuze uzizwe kangcono.
> Imithombo:
> Amamaki PW. Indlela eya ku-Anemia ku-Adult and Child. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz Jr. EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop HE, Weitz JI kanye no-Anatasi J eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso eziyisisekelo nokuzijwayeza . Umhlaka 6 Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.
> Sandoval C. Indlela eya kwengane ene-anemia. Ku: Phezulu, I-post TW (Ed), UpToDate, iWaltham, i-MA, iSchrier SL. Indlela eya kwesiguli esingumuntu omdala ene-anemia. Ku: Phezulu, I-post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.