E- sickle cell anemia , okwamanje imithi engcono kakhulu okumele siyivimbele ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hydroxyurea, ngezinye izikhathi i-HU emfishane. I-hydroxyurea yaqala ukuthuthukiswa njengemithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngawo-1960. Kwakusetshenziselwa izimo ezimbi ezinhlobonhlobo ekuqaleni, kodwa sekusetshenziselwa isifo se-sickle cell manje iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. I-Hydroxyurea yiyona kuphela i-FDA (Ukudla Nezidakamizwa Zokuphatha) imithi evunyiwe yokuphatha i-sickle cell anemia.
I-Hydroxyurea isebenza kanjani ku-Sickle Cell Anemia?
E-sickle cell anemia, i-hydroxyurea isiza umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-hemoglobin fetal ngaphezulu (Hb F). Lena i-hemoglobin etholakala ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezinezifo ze-sickle cell azikho izinkinga ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila ngoba i-fetm hemoglobin ivimbela iseli elibomvu legazi kusuka egulayo. Lokhu kwanda kwe-fetus hemoglobin kusiza ukugcina uhlangothi lwakho olubomvu lwegazi esikhundleni sokugula. Lawa maseli egazi abomvu ajikelezayo akwazi ukugeleza emifuleni yegazi ngokushelela.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwe-Hydroxyurea?
Ezingxenyeni eziningi kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-sickle cell anemia, ukwelashwa kwe-hydroxyurea kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibuhlungu, imicimbi encane ye-chest syndrome (imingcele yamaphaphu), ukunciphisa isidingo sokumpontshelwa igazi, nokunciphisa isidingo sokwelashwa. I-hydroxyurea ibuye ikhulise i-hemoglobin yakho, okwenza ube nesifo esingelapheki esincane.
Ukwengeza, ukwelashwa kwe-hydroxyurea kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuphila okude isikhathi eside kubantu abadala abane-sickle cell anemia.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Ngokususelwa emithini esetshenziselwa i-sickle cell anemia, imiphumela emibi ilula. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele, izilonda zomlomo, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka ehambisana ne-chemotherapy ayibonakali neze.
I-hydroxyurea inganciphisa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, i-hemoglobin, namaplatelet. Ngenxa yalomphumela ohlangothini, udokotela wakho uzoqapha izibalo zakho eduze ngokubala okuphelele kwegazi nokubalwa kwe- reticulocyte. Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuhlungu besisu buyabonakala kodwa ngokuvamile kuvamile futhi kuxazululwe ngaphandle kokungenelela. Omunye umphumela wecala ukunyamala kwezipikili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-melanonichyia. Ngokuvamile, iziguli eziningi zikwazi ukuthola umthamo we-hydroxyurea ezingakwazi ukubekezelela ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.
Iziphi Iziguli Okufanele Zicabange Ukwelashwa Ne-Hydroxyurea?
Ngokwemihlahlandlela yokugcina yesilwane yamakhansela yakamuva evela ku-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute (ingxenye yamaNational Institutes of Health) enyatheliswa ngo-2014, zonke izingane ezine-hemoglobin SS kanye ne-sickle beta zero thalassemia kufanele zinikezwe ukwelashwa kwe-hydroxyurea ukuvimbela izinkinga emva kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala. Kubantu abadala, ukwelashwa kwe-hydroxyurea kufanele kucatshangelwe iziguli ezinezinkinga ezibuhlungu ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka, ubuhlungu obuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, umlando wesifo esifubeni se-chest, noma i-anemia ejulile ephazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Ingabe i-Hydroxyurea Yenza Cancer?
Ngokomlando, lokhu kuye kwaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Iziguli ekuqaleni zaphathwa nge-hydroxyurea zinezimo ezandisa amathuba abo okubulala (umdlavuza) kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zakhiwe umdlavuza ngenkathi kutholakala ukwelashwa kwe-hydroxurea kwakuthiwa yimithi.
E-sickle cell isifo, impendulo ayikho. Ngokwesifundo esashicilelwe ngo-2014 esibheke ngqo iziguli ezinegciwane lesifo se-sickle cell, labo abathatha i-hydroxyurea babengengozini enkulu yomdlavuza uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangazange bathathe i-hydroxyurea.
Ngingathatha I-Hydroxyurea Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?
Ngalesi sikhathi akukhuthazwa ukuthatha i-hydroxyurea ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Hydroxyurea imithi yeDlasi D ebonisa ukuthi kubonakala sengathi iyingozi ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus. Kunezinamba ezincane zamacala ezibika ukukhulelwa okujwayelekile kubantu besifazane abanegciwane lesifo se-sickle cell abaqhubeka ne-hydroxyurea kodwa ulwazi olwengeziwe luyadingeka.
Ngingalokothi Ngiyeke Ukuthatha I-Hydroxyurea?
Cha, i-hydroxyurea ayilona ukwelashwa. Isebenza kuphela uma uyithatha njengokuqondiswa. I-Hydroxyurea imithi engapheli yesifo esingelapheki esifana nemithi abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu abahamba nsuku zonke.
> Imithombo:
> I-Castro O, Nouraie M, Ukwelashwa kwe-Oneal P. Hydroxycarbamide ku-Sickle Cell Disease: Ukulinganiselwa Kwengozi Ye-Eukaemia Risk kanye ne-Hospitalization Survival Benefit. I-British Journal ye-Hematology . 2014; 167: 687-691.
> Ware RE. Indlela Engisebenzisa ngayo i-Hydroxyurea Ukwelapha Iziguli Ezincane kakhulu. Igazi . 2010; 115 (26): 5300-5311.