Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu bahlangabezana nohlobo oluthile lwezinhlungu oluhlala emasontweni ambalwa kuya eminyakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umuntu ubhekene nobuhlungu okwesikhashana ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlothwe ikhanda, izinyo ezithintekile, ukusika noma ukwephulwa amathambo, njll Nakuba kulula ukucabanga ukuthi "ubuhlungu bubuhlungu," iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu .
I-International Association ye-Study of Pain ichaza ubuhlungu ngokuthi "ubuhlungu obungenangqondo nobuzwa obungokomzwelo obuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo wangempela noma ongase ube nomzimba noma ochazwe ngokwalowo monakalo." Ngamanye amazwi, kanti ngamunye wethu angasho kalula uma ingxenye ethile yomzimba wethu ibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bethu abukwazi ukuhlolwa ngeso lengqondo noma kulinganiswa abanye ngoba siyazi kuphela ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Udokotela akakwazi ukubuka isiguli, isibonelo, futhi azi kahle ukuthi yini ebuhlungu, ukuthi kabi kangakanani, nokuthi lokho kubuhlungu buzwa bunjani. Ngakho-ke, usizi luyilokho okushiwo umuntu okutholayo.
Izigaba zobuhlungu
Ngisho noma ubuhlungu abukwazi ukulinganisa ngokulinganayo, ubuhlungu buhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Ubuhlungu obukhulu ngokuvamile buza ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokulimala, izifo, ukugula, ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala. Lobu buhlungu uvame ukuxwayisa umuntu ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwe-traumatic body olwenzekile-njengokuthi ithambo eliphukile, ukusika, ukuhlinza, ukushisa, njll.- futhi imbangela ingavame ukutholakala nokuphathwa.
Nakuba ubuhlungu obukhulu ngezinye izikhathi budala imizwa yokwesaba, ukukhathazeka kanye / noma ukungazitholi isiguli, ubuhlungu nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zomzimba kanye / noma ngokomzwelo zivame ukungena ngaphansi kwamahora ambalwa, izinsuku, amasonto noma (ngokweqile) ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kuye ngokuthi ngesizathu. Uma imbangela eyimbangela ingakwazi ukutholakala noma yokwelapha, noma kunjalo, ubuhlungu obukhulu bungaba nobuhlungu obuhlala njalo.
Ukuhlunguphazeka Okungapheliyo : Ukujula kusuka komnene kuya kobuhlungu, ubuhlungu obungapheli buhlala isikhathi eside-ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu kuze kube seminyaka eminingi-futhi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo sokunciphisa noma -ukugula. Ukuphikelela kobuhlungu obungapheli kungenza kube nzima ukugulisa isiguli kwezinye izimo futhi kungabangela ezinye izinkinga, ezifana nemizwa yokucindezeleka, ukuhoxiswa kanye / noma ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa ukuhamba noma ukuzimela.
Nakuba kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha nokuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli , ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yobuhlungu obungapheli ayitholakali noma iphathwe.
Indlela umzimba okhombisa ngayo ubuhlungu
Isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba emzimbeni womuntu siqukethe ubuchopho nomgogodla. Inethiwekhi enkulu yezinzwa (isimiso sezinzwa ze-peripheral) sisuka emthonjeni womgogodla siye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengezikhumba zethu, izicubu, nezitho zethu. Uma kwenzeka uhlobo oluthile lwe-traumatic body, njengokunquma umunwe ngenkathi ugaxa i-apula, ama-receptors ezinhlungu ezincane okuthiwa ama-nociceptors athumela izibonakaliso eceleni kwemizwa yomunwe emunwe emgodini womgogodla, odlulisela lo myalezo ebuchosheni. Lapho, ubuchopho buhlela ulwazi futhi buvusa ngokushesha ukuphendula kwakho ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo.
Ama-nociceptors emzimbeni wethu abona ukulimala kwezicubu zethu, ezingawela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili.
Ubuhlungu besimo somuntu bubangelwa ukulimala emathanjeni ethu, amalunga noma amathisto alula, njengemisipha yethu nesikhumba. Ubuhlungu besimo somuntu ngokuvamile bukhona futhi buvame ukuchazwa njengebukhali, obukhuni, obukhukhulayo, obuchophozayo noma obuthakathaka. Izibonelo zobuhlungu obuningi bufaka phakathi ama-bone fractures, umdlavuza we-metastatic we-bone, izicubu kanye nesifo samathambo.
I-nociceptors iphinda ibone ukuvuvukala, ukuhlukanisa noma ukwelula kwezitho zethu zangaphakathi, okuphumela ebuhlungu obubuhlungu. Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu ngokuvamile aluhlali futhi luvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi lukhuni, luyaluphazamisa, ubuhlungu "obujulile" noma ukucindezelwa. Izibonelo zifaka ubuhlungu esiswini esiswini esivimbela isisu, nobuhlungu ngakwesokunxele nengalo noma emhlathini kusuka ku-infarction ephawulekayo ye-myocardial (ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo).
Uma izinzwa ngokwazo zonakalisiwe noma ziyeke ukusebenza kuhlelo oluphakathi noma lwezinzwa, iziguli zingathola ubuhlungu be-neuropathic. Lobuhlungu buvame ukuchazwa njengokushisa, ukushaya, ukudubula, ukugwaza noma ukushaqeka. Ukulimala ebuchosheni, izicubu zobuchopho , ukuphelelwa yisifo sikashukela, kanye ne-herpes zoster yizo zonke izibonelo zezinto ezingabangela ubuhlungu be-neuropathic, okungabonisa kanzima ukwelapha kunokuba ubuhlungu besikhokhelo.
Ukukhathazeka Nokunakekelwa Kwama-Palliative
Isiguli esithola ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kanye / noma izinsizakalo zokubeletha zingase zithole izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuhlungu ezihlobene nesifo esiyisisekelo noma ukuxilongwa kwe-hospice. Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu luvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi ubuhlungu obungapheli futhi lungaba nociceptive noma neuropathic, kodwa futhi angase azwe ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka ubuhlungu obuvela ezilonda ezicindezelayo ( izilonda zombhede), ukulimala kokuwa, noma imiphumela emibi evela ekuguleni okungaphansi, njengokungena kwegazi ngaphakathi kwesifo sesibindi.
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lobuhlungu, ukuqina kwalo noma imbangela, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative , kanye nokugula izifo zihlomele kahle ukuphatha. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kuwumgomo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa kokududuzeka.
> Imithombo:
> I-International Association for the Study of Pain, www.iasp-pain.org
> I-Kinzbrunner, i-Policzer, ne-Weinreb: Izinkinga ezivamile: Ukuphela kokuKhathalela impilo