Imibuzo engu-4 evame ukubuzwa njalo
Ukuqonda izimpawu nezimpawu ze- HIV kusivumela ukuba siphathe ngokucophelela (futhi sigweme) kahle kahle ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu lapho kuqala ukutheleleka nge-HIV, nokuthi uma izimpawu ekugcineni zivela, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi ngemuva kokuba igciwane lidale umonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa nesistimu yomzimba yomuntu.
Ukwesaba nemicabango engafanele nge-HIV kungavimbela abantu ukuthi bangafuni ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa abayidingayo , ngokungaqondakali kahle igama elithi "ukungabonakali" njengokusho ukuthi "ngaphandle kokutheleleka."
Abanye, okwamanje, balinde kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziba namandla noma zingazinaki ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni zingaphansi-zingaboni ukuthi ukubethelwa kwezimpawu zesikhathi esifushane akuyona inkomba yokuthuthukisa noma isibonakaliso "sonke esicacile" sokuthi ukutheleleka kususiwe.
Ngakho-ke lezi zinkolelo ezimbi zande kakhulu ukuthi abaningi bayaqhubeka nokugwema ukwelashwa ngokungadingekile, kaningi iminyaka. Namuhla, isilinganiso se- CD4 esilinganisweni ekuqaleni kwe- antiretroviral therapy (i-ART) sinama-145 amaseli / mL emazweni aphansi angeniso, amaseli angu-155 / mL emazweni angenayo ephakathi, ama-135 angu-mL amazwe angenayo engenayo, kanye nama-274 amaseli / mL emazweni aphezulu engenayo.
(Imikhombandlela yase-US iphakamisa i-ART noma ngaphezulu kwama-CD4 amanani angu-500, kanti abantu abane-CD4 count engaphansi kuka-200 babhekwa ukuthi bane- AIDS .)
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ze-HIV, izimpawu zodwa azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo senzekile noma ngabe isifo esihambisana ne-HIV sakhula.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuphela noma ukuxilongwa udokotela wakho kungakuqinisekisa lokho.
Lokho ongakwenza ukuzifundisa wena. Futhi konke kuqala ngokuzibuza imibuzo embalwa, eyinhloko:
1. Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqala ze-HIV?
Ezinganeni ezingu-40 zamuva zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, izimpawu ezinjengezikhukhula zizokhula phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-7-14 zokuvuleka. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi "i-acute retroviral syndrome" (noma i-ARS).
Izimpawu zingabuka emnene kuya ezinzima futhi ziqhubeke izinyanga ngesikhathi bese zifaka:
- Fever
- Izinwele
- Izithukuthuku ebusuku
- Malaise
- I-Myalgia (i-generalized, i-muscular ache noma ubuhlungu)
- I-Rash (i-eczema efana nokubukeka futhi ivame ukuhanjiswa ezungeze izingxenye ezingaphezulu zomzimba kanye / noma izintende zezandla)
Funda ukuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukukhomba izimpawu ze-ARS, nokuthi ukungenelela kokuqala kungavimbela kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kokugula isikhathi eside, kokubili i-HIV-kanye ne-HIV engahlobene nayo.
2. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-HIV ngesigaba?
Izimpawu eziningi ezihlobene nokutheleleka kokuqala zibangelwa impendulo yomzimba ku-HIV ngokwayo, lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sifakwa ekuqaphelweni okuphezulu phambi komhlaseli wangaphandle. Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesigaba esilandelayo zenzeka uma i-HIV isula kancane kancane ukuzivikela komzimba, ukunciphisa ikhono layo lokulwa nokutheleleka. Funda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka futhi ukuthi i-HIV engalashwa ingaholela kanjani ekuthuthukiseni okuthiwa "i-AIDS echaza izifo."
3. Yiziphi Izifo Ezichaza Ngculaza? "
Izifo kuthiwa "zithatha amathuba" uma ukuvikelwa kwamzimba omzimba kuvikela amagciwane, amagciwane namanye amazwe angaphandle ithuba lokutheleleka. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izifo ezichaza i-AIDS, i-subset yezifo ezihlukaniswe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) njengoba zihlobana ngokuqondile nokuwohloka kwesistimu yomzimba ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-HIV.
Kukhona okwamanje izimo ezingama-27 zemitholampilo ezithathwa njenge-AIDS ezichaza:
- Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, amaningi noma okuphindaphindiwe
- I-Candidiasis ye-bronchi, i-trachea, noma amaphaphu
- I-Candidiasis yesifo
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho (invasive)
- I-Coccidioidomycosis , isakazwe ngaphesheya kwamaphaphu
- I-Cryptococcosis, eveza ngaphandle kwamaphaphu
- I-Cryptosporidiosis , emathunjini angamaphesenti angaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa
- Isifo se- Cytomegalovirus (ngaphandle kwesibindi, i-pleen, noma i-lymph nodes)
- Isifo se- Cytomegalovirus ngokulahlekelwa umbono
- I-encephalopathy (ihlobene ne-HIV)
- Igciwane le-Herpes simplex , elihlala isikhathi eside kunenyanga eyodwa noma endaweni engaphandle kwesikhumba, njenge-esophagus noma amaphaphu
- I-Histoplasmosis , isakazwa ngaphandle kwamaphaphu
- I-sarcoma ye-Kaposi (KS)
- I-pneumonia ye-Lymphoid interstitial noma i-pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia
- I-Burkitt lymphoma (noma i-term equivalent)
- I-immunoblastic lymphoma (noma i-term equivalent)
- I-lymphoma eyinhloko yobuchopho
- I-Mycobacterium avium complex noma i- Mycobacterium kansasii , isakazwa ngaphandle kwamaphaphu
- I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba sanoma isiphi isayithi (amaphaphu, asakazwe, noma angaphandle kwamaphaphu)
- I-Mycobacterium, ezinye izinhlobo noma izinhlobo ezingaziwa, zisakazwa ngaphandle kwamaphaphu
- I-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), ebangelwa i-fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci
- I-pneumonia (ephindaphindiwe)
- I-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- I-Salmonella septicemia (ephindaphindiwe)
- I-toxoplasmosis yobuchopho
- Isifo sofuba
- Ukunciphisa i-syndrome
Funda ukuthi kungani lezi zifo ezithile zibhekwa ngokuthi i-AIDS ichaza nokuthi ukutholakala kwalezi zimiso kusho ukuthini imiphumela yakho yempilo yesikhathi eside.
4. Ngingaphila Kangakanani Uma Ngithola I-HIV?
Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2014 yi-Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study kusikisela ukuthi abantu abaqala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV noma ngaphezu kwe-CD4 count of 350 cells / mL bangakwazi ukujabulela isikhathi sokuphila esilingana noma-nangaphezulu kunaleyo yabantu. Funda izici ezithinta isikhathi sokuphila kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanye nemibandela enganciphisa isikhathi eside isikhathi esingangeminyaka engama-22.
Imithombo:
U-Willard, uS .; Holzemer, W .; Wantland, D .; et al. "Ingabe 'Ukungaqondakali' Kusho Ngaphandle Kwezimpawu zalabo abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza?" Ukwelashwa kwe-AIDS. Mashi 2009; 21 (3): 322-328.
Ukubambisana kwamaqembu e-IeDEA ne-ART. "I-CD4 ebala ukuthi ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kuqala ukwanda emhlabeni wonke, kodwa kungcono kakhulu!" I- Journal of Immune Deficiency Syndromes. Januwari 2014; 65 (1): e8-e16. i-doi: 10.1097