I-Malaria, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-Plasmodium, isifo sofuba-okusho ukuthi singena emzimbeni ngokulunywa umiyane. Ubuyane buphethwe igciwane bese budlulisela kumuntu.
Nakuba i-Plasmodium parasite iyimbangela enkulu yokutheleleka, izimo zemvelo nezindlela zokuphila zidlala indima ebambe iqhaza. Hlola izizathu ezivame futhi ezingavamile-zingakusiza ukuvimbela ukungena ngemvume nge-malaria.
Ukudluliselwa kwama-parasitic
Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-Plasmodium parasite ezifaka ekutheleleni kwe-malaria yabantu. Kunjalo:
- P. falciparum: Izinhlobo ezihlotshaniswa nesimo esibi kunazo zonke zokutheleleka, futhi yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yokutheleleka.
- P. vivax : Phakathi kokuvamile .
- I-P. malariae : Kubangela uhlobo olubi lokugula.
- U-P. ovale : Akuvamile yini.
Ukutheleleka kungangena emzimbeni wakho ngokulunywa umsiyane wesifazane obizwa ngokuthi i- Anopheles , osebenza njengevector (carrier). Lo mbuyane ungasinda emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi kuphela kulezi zimo lapho lesi sifo sidluliselwa khona. Umiyane ngokwawo uthola i-parasite ngokushaya umuntu onesifo.
Indlela ama-Parasite abangela ngayo izifo
Zonke izinhlobo ze-malaria zihlasela ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba, okuveza izimpawu zokutheleleka.
Ngemuva kokuba inambuzane ephethe i-malaria ihlaba umuntu, uhlobo oluthile lwesiphithiphithi, i-sporozoite, lingena esibindi somuntu, lapho luveza khona futhi lufake isigaba esisha empilweni yalo yokuphila, isigaba se-merozoite.
Ama-merozoites, akhiqizwa esibindi, faka amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ifomu le-merozoite lichaza ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana egazi obomvu, okwenza ukuba kuqhume, ukukhulula amakhemikhali akhiqiza iningi lemiphumela ye-malaria, njengemifudu, ama-chills, nama-aches. Ama-merozoites akhululwa lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ehamba khona angakwazi ukuhamba kuwo wonke umzimba, angena kwamanye amaseli egazi abomvu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, imiphumela embi kakhulu futhi ama-parasites noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphethwe yizimbungulu angalimaza izitho zomzimba ezifana nobuchopho, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, noma izinso.
Izizathu Ezincane Ezivamile
Kunezimo eziningana ezihlobene nengozi ephansi yokudluliswa kwe-malaria.
Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba
Ungatheleleka nge-malaria noma ngabe unesivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela esijwayelekile, kodwa abantu abanokukhubazeka kwesistimu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kuhlanganise ne-HIV, banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nemiphumela emibi yesifo.
Ukukhulelwa
Abesifazane abakhulelwe banengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwe-malaria. Kunezizathu eziningana eziphakanyisiwe zalokhu, kuhlanganise nesisetshenziswa sokuzivikela-esingahle senze ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini-noma isimiso somzimba esinciphile-okwenza kube lula ngabesifazane abakhulelwe abaqala ukuthuthukisa ukugula.
Amantombazane asanda kuzalwa-Ukudluliselwa KuMama Wabo
Ezinye izingane zingase zizalwe ukutheleleka kwe-malariya, zithole i-parasite evela kumama, hhayi emvotini yemiyane.
Ukuthuthwa kwegazi
Kube khona imibiko yokutheleleka kwe-malaria eye isakaze kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngegazi . Kulezi zimo, umnikezeli wegazi oye wathola isifo, ngokuvamile esivela kumvino wokuzumayo, ngokuvamile akavelanga izimpawu zalesi sifo.
Ukudluliselwa kwamangqamuzana egazi, anesifo semvelo, kungavumela ukuthi i-parasite ikhule ngaphakathi komzimba womamukeli wegazi.
Izindlela zokuphila
I-Malaria iyisifo esithathelwana kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo nesimo sezulu esishisayo kanye namanzi amaningi, lapho umvuthwa onobuchopho obathwala khona ama-parasite. Izinto zokuphila zingaba nendima ekungenakwenzeka ukuthi ungenwe yi-parasite noma cha.
Ukuhlala Esifundazweni Ngesilinganiso Esiphezulu Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwe-Malaria
Ukuhlala esifundeni esaziwa nge-malaria kuyandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
Nakuba sekuye kwaphawula ukuthi abanye abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinesifo esibucayi se-malaria bangase bavikeleke emzimbeni, abaningi abantu abanempilo enesisindo sokuzivikela ezivamile bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu futhi bangase bafe ngenxa yesifo.
Ukuvakashela Isifunda Ngenani Eliphakeme Le-Malaria
Abahambi abavakashela izifunda ezinomthelela ophezulu we-malaria bangase bathole igciwane, ikakhulukazi ngoba abahambi abangakaze bahlaselwe isifo ngaphambi kokungazange bahlakulele isimo.
Izingosi zemvelo
Ezinye izinto zandisa ukutholakala kwe-malaria, kuhlanganise ukungabikho kwezingubo zokuzivikela, indawo yokuhlala yokulala, ukuntuleka kwezinambuzane ezilahlayo, nokuntuleka kokugoma. Ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha.
> Imithombo:
> Alho RM, Machado KV, Val FF, et al. Ezinye izindlela zokudlulisela esikhathini sokuqeda i-malaria: ukuhlolisisa ngokubhebhetheka kwamagciwane e-Americas, i-Malar J. 2017 Feb 15; 16 (1): 78. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12936-017-1726-y.
> Mbale EW, Moxon CA, Mukaka M, et al. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuthonya impendulo yokuvuvukala kodwa hhayi umphumela we-malaria we-cerebral kuma-Malawian, J Infect. 2016 Sep; 73 (3): 189-99. doi: 10.1016 / j.jinf.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 Jun 14.