Akufanele uthole ukutheleleka ekumpomeni kwegazi.
E-US, abanikeli begazi kanye negazi labo bahlolwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwezifo.
Akukho okuphelele, kodwa izingozi ziphansi. Ukutheleleka okusha, izifo ezingavamile zingadlula umcabango - noma ibhubhu alitholakali.
Kuningi igazi elinikezwa e-US unyaka ngamunye. Izigidi ezingu-9.5 zinikela ngegazi.
Lokhu kungu-1 kwabangu-33 baseMelika ngonyaka ngamunye. Izigidi ezingu-5 zithola ukumpontshelwa kwezigidi ezingu-14 ngonyaka.
Emhlabeni wonke, akuwona wonke igazi ohlolwe futhi singase sifune. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, ngo-2012, amazwe angu-39 awahlolisi yonke iminikelo ngokutheleleka kwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu (i-HIV, Hep B, Hep C, i-syphilis) futhi ingxenye engaba ingxenye yeminikelo emazweni aphansi engenayo ivivinywa kumalabhu anesiqiniseko sekhwalithi, okusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yebhu ilindeleke ukuba ilungile.
Iziphi izifo ezihlolwayo?
E-US izifo ezilandelayo zivivinywa ngezivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- Amabhaktheriya - Amasiko Amabhaktheriya
- I-Hepatitis B - I-Hep B surface antigen ne-antibody eyinhloko
- I-hepatitis C - i-antibody ye-Hep C kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid yokukhulisa (NAT)
- I-HIV-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 anti-nucleic acid amplification (NAT) ye-HIV-1
- I-HTLV - HTLV-I ne-HTLV-II antibody
- I-Syphilis - Anti-treponemal (i-syphilis) i-antibody ukubona
- I-Virus yeNew West - I-NAT ye-Virus yeNew West
Igazi lihlolwe i-Chagas ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe- Trypanosoma cruzi antibody. Kwezinye iziguli ze-CMV-negative (i-immunocompromised or transplant patients) ihlolwe i-CMV.
I-Babesia, i-parasite evame ukuphikisana nayo, ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ukudlula ekutholeni e-US njengoba ukuhlolwa akuvamile.
Kungaphathwa kalula uma kutholakala futhi izifo ngokuvamile ziba mncane. Ezinye izimo - ezimelela inani elincanyana kakhulu lokumpompela - zenzekile futhi yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu ebikiwe yokufa okungavamile kakhulu okuhlobene nokutheleleka kokugonywa.
Yini abaxhasi abavinjelwe?
Kukhona imibuzo eminingi yokuhlola ukugwema abaxhasi abasengozini yokutheleleka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kuphuthelwe.
E-US, abanikeli kufanele balinde ukunikeza igazi uma benomkhuhlane, kukhona ama-antibiotic noma ukwelashwa kwe-TB, kungekudala ube nomgomo wokuphila (MMR - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pox, Shingles, Yellow Fever, Polio, Hepatitis B, isibungu). Labo ababoshiwe noma ababoshiwe ejele, etilongweni, izingane ezigcinwe ejele iminyaka engu-72 kumele zilinde unyaka owodwa ukunikela.
Kuzodingeka ulinde uma unyaka odlule, ube ne-gonorrhea noma i-syphilis, ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma umdwebo kunye yeziningi ezithi azilawuli ukusetshenziselwa ukudweba.
Igazi alihlolwanga nge-malaria. Kuzodingeka ulinde iminyaka emithathu uma uphathwa nge-malaria noma uhlala iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu endaweni ene-malaria. Kuzodingeka ulinde unyaka owodwa uma uye endaweni eyalaleveva.
Kuye kwaba nemingcele kubantu abaye balala nobulili nabesilisa, okwamanje banciphisa umnikelo wegazi kulabo abangazange bahlanganyele ocansini ngonyaka odlule.
Okusho ukuthi, amadoda angama-gay awavunyelwe iziqondiso ze-FDA ukunikela ngegazi uma belala nocansi ngonyaka odlule.
Awukwazi ukunikeza igazi uma uke wasebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV ngaphandle komuthi kadokotela, uye wasebenza emsebenzini wokuthengisa ucansi, noma waba nomlingani kunoma iyiphi yalezi zigaba eziphezulu ze-HIV.
Ukuze ugweme i-CJD, abaxhasi abavunyelwe ukuthi bathathe i-insulin ye-bovin noma i-transfusion yegazi esuka e-UK. Awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi uma uhlala e-UK kusukela ngo-1980-1996 izinyanga ezintathu awukwazi ukunikela, uma behlala ezindaweni ezithile zase-Yurophu ezinyangeni ezingu-6, noma eYurophu kusukela ngo-1980 iminyaka emihlanu.
Iminikelo yegazi ayinakwenzeka njalo. Iminikelo yonke yegazi njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-56, amapulethi njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-7 (kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-24 ngonyaka), i-plasma njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-28 (kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-13 ngonyaka)
Iyini Ingozi?
Ingozi ye-HIV ingaba yi-1 ku-2 million.
Ingozi ye-Hepatitis B ingu-1 ku-200,000 (Thola igciwane!)
Ingozi yeHeptitis C ingu-1 ku-2 million.
Kulokhu bekukhathazeka ukuthi isifo se-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) - noma iMad Cow Disease - siyosakaza ngegazi. Lokhu akukaze kubonwe, kodwa ukuze uqaphele, labo abangahle baveze (ababehlala ezindaweni lapho izifo zakwaMad Cow zisakazeka ezilwaneni) azivunyelwe ukunikela ngegazi.
Ingabe Ingumzimba Uma Ngizwa Ngigula Njengoba Ngifika Igazi?
Eqinisweni, kuningi ukusabela egazini okungahlobene nokutheleleka. Lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi kunezifo kodwa amasosha omzimba wakho asabela egazini elisha, hhayi kunoma yikuphi amagciwane, igciwane, ama-parasite, noma amanye ama-pathogens.
Abaningi banomphumela wokwelapha igazi noma kunoma yiziphi izingxenye egazini - kuhlanganise imithi noma ukudla (njengokungathi ngisho nezinkokhelo ezidliwa ngumnikezeli).
Lezi zithinta imiphumela emibi zihlanganisa
- umkhuhlane
- izikhukhula
- isikhumba somswakama
- isiyaluyalu
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha, umfutho wegazi ophansi
- ukukhathazeka ukuphefumula
- uzizwa ukhathazekile
- isifuba noma ubuhlungu emuva
Lokhu kungaba mnene. Lokhu kungase kube okubi kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi utshela umhlengikazi noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezi zimpawu. Ukuphendula kungaphathwa ngabachwepheshe bezempilo.
Kukhona nezinye ukusabela kanye. Kungaba khona ukusabela egazini, ikakhulukazi uma ukufana kwegazi kwakungaphelele. Lokhu kungaholela emzimbeni ekubhubhiseni amaseli egazi, okwenza i-hemolysis noma ukuvela kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Lezi zingase zibe nzima (Ukusabela Okumangalisayo Kwe-Transmusion Hemolytic) noma ukubambezeleka (Ukusabela Kwama-Transmusion Hemolytic Okudambisiwe noma ukusabela kwe-sophisticated sophisticated serologic). Kukhona futhi ukulimala kwamaphaphu (ukulimala okuhlobene nokuguqulwa kwamaphaphu ahlobene nokushisa) nokunye okunye ukuphendula.
Ingabe Kukhona Ukutheleleka?
Igazi alizange lihlale liphephile. Ukuhlolwa okusha kushintshile lokhu. Icala lokuqala le-HIV elidluliswa ngegazi laziwa ngo-1982. Ngonyaka ka-2001, kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abangu-14 262 bane-AIDS ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi. Amanye amazwe aphuza ukuhlolwa ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside kwakungaphelele eJapane naseJalimane ngemva kwamanye amazwe aqala ukugcina uhlelo lwegazi elingenalo i-HIV.
Akekho owake wathola ukuthi unesandulela-ngculazi-2 kusuka ekumpompheni kwegazi e-US. Igazi lihlolwe kuphela ngama-antibodies, hhayi ngegciwane ngokwalo ngoba ukutheleleka kuyinto engavamile e-US. Abahlinzeki begazi abangu-4 kuphela abaye batholakala ukuthi bane-HIV-2 kusukela ngo-1998.
Kubuye kube namacala eNtshonalanga YaseNtshonalanga YaseNtshonalanga (eyabika ngo-2002) futhi i-Chagas idluliselwa ngokumpompela igazi esikhathini esidlule.