Isithombe lokhu.
Uhamba usuka ekhishini waya ekamelweni, mhlawumbe udabula egumbini lokuphumula. Amafasitela avulekile futhi kukhona umoya omnene ophazamisa ukuthula kwendawo. Amakhethini, umsila, amaqabunga ezitshalo zakho zasendlini mhlawumbe ngisho nezinwele zakho zonke zihamba ngokuhlangana. Ngokungazelelwe, njengoba usuze ukungena emgodini, isithunzi sidonsa ekhoneni leso lakho bese uphenduka.
Isiphepho siphelile; konke kuphelele ngokuphelele. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ekamelweni, lapho kwakungekho lutho ngaphandle komoya okwesikhashana edlule, intombazane enombala obomvu idlala ibhaluni elibomvu. Ukubona akulindelekile futhi nokho, awubonakali umangale. Uze amomotheka nawe ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuzilibazisa. Uyamomotheka futhi uqhubeke uhamba waya ekamelweni lakho. Izinja ezintathu, ikati, nezinkukhu ezimbili ezikudonsayo zikudlula ngaphambi kokuba ufike lapho uya khona. Umzuzwana odlule, wawunazo izilwane ezifuywayo.
Uma uneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala futhi utholakala ukuthi unesifo somqondo obizwa ngokuthi yi- Lewy body , lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeke kuwe. Ukucabangela kuyisimo senzwa lapho kungabikho ukugqugquzela. Ukuzwa okuhlosiwe kungabonwa, kuhlolwe, kusetshenziswe kahle futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ukuhlobisa okucabangelayo yilapho uzizwa okuthile okukhahlela esikhumbeni sakho kodwa akukho lutho olukhona.
Lokhu akufanele kudideke ngeso lengqondo, okungukuthi ukuphazamiseka noma ukuchazwa kahle kwemibono yangempela: uma ucabanga ukuthi isitshalo egumbini lakho lokuphumula kwakuyintombazane enombala oluhlaza, isibonelo. Ukucabangela ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu futhi uzizwa wangempela, cishe njengephupho elenzeka ngenkathi uphapheme.
Nakuba ukucabanga okuthile kungaba mnandi, abanye bangase besabe kakhulu futhi baphazamise.
Ama-hallucinations angatholakala kuzilungiselelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Izifo zeso
- Izifo zobuchopho
- Umthelela omubi wezidakamizwa
Izifo Zeso
Ngo-1760, uCharles Bonnet, umsunguli wemvelo waseSwitzerland kanye nefilosofi, waqala ukuchaza icala lokuthakazelisa lomkhulu wakhe oneminyaka engu-87 ubudala owayenesifo esibi kakhulu. Ubaba wakhe wayesenamandla akhe okucabanga, nokho wabona abantu, izinyoni, izilwane nezakhiwo ngenkathi becindezelekile kokubili amehlo! Wanikeza igama lakhe kwi-syndrome uCharles Bonnet Syndrome, echaza ukutholakala kwezinto ezibukwayo (futhi kuphela okubukwayo okungenayo enye indlela yokuzizwa ephathekayo ethintekile) kubantu asebekhulile abanezifo ezihlukahlukene zamehlo: amasosha okutheni , ukuguqulwa kwe-macular , i-cataracts kanye nokulimala kwimbono ye-optic kanye nezindlela. Le ndlela ayiqondi kahle. Abanye ososayensi baye bahlongoza ukuthi kukhona "ukukhululwa" kwezindawo zobuchopho ezivame ukucubungula izithombe. Izinto ezibonakalayo ezithunyelwe kusuka ku-retina yethu ebuchosheni bethu ngokuvamile zivimbela ubuchopho bethu ekusebenzeni noma yimuphi umfanekiso ngaphandle kwalowo okwamanje phambi kwamehlo ethu. Isibonelo, uma unesithukuthezi futhi uhamba phambili emsebenzini, usazobona isibuko sekhompyutheni yakho phambi kwakho ngokuphambene nolwandle ongayilinga nje ukucabanga ngeso lengqondo.
Uma iso ligula, ukuvuselelwa okubukwayo akusekho futhi lokhu kulawulwa kulahlekile, ngakho-ke "ukukhulula" ubuchopho ekuboshweni kweqiniso.
Izifo ze-Brain
Ama-hallucinations yizibonakaliso zezifo eziningi zobuchopho (nomqondo, uma ungamaCartesian mayelana nalo), nakuba indlela yabo ingaqondakali kahle:
- Izifo ze-Psychiatric, ikakhulukazi i-schizophrenia, cishe enye yezimiso ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa namaholo ngokujwayelekile. Ukuhlelwa kwe-schizophrenia kuvame ukuba yindlela yokuhlola, nakuba ukuboniswa okubonakalayo kungenzeka ngempela.
- I-Delirium iyinhlangano yezinkanyezi zezimpawu ezichazwa ngokuthi ukungakwazi ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuhambisana nezinguquko ekuzileni . Kungenzeka ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka kwakho kokugaya. Utshwala ukuhoxiswa kungabangela nokudilizwa okuhambisana nokuhamba okungavamile (i-delirium tremens). Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abane-delirium ingaba nemiboniso ebonakalayo.
- Isifo somzimba sikaLeyyy uhlobo lwesifo sokuwohloka komqondo okuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kwengqondo okuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba okufana nalokho isifo sikaParkinson , i-halluconous ebonakalayo, kanye nenqubo eguqukayo. Kule ndaba, ukuqondisisa kuvame ukugcinwa futhi ukucubungula kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunemibala, kodwa ngokuvamile akukwesabeki. Ama-hallucinations angase ayenze kwezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo, kuhlanganise nesifo se-Alzheimer.
- Ukuboniswa okubonwayo kungabangela ukushaywa okwenzeka ezindaweni ezibukwayo zobuchopho ezitholakala kusi-occipital (isiLatini esithi "emuva kwekhanda") i-lobes noma ebuchosheni be-brainstem. Indlela yokwaziswa okuhlobene nalokhu ihlobene nento "yokukhululwa" efana neyakhelwe i-Charles Bonnet syndrome. Ukucutshungulwa kwamabhuku kungase kwenzeke nokushaya okuphazamisa izikhungo zokucwaninga ebuchosheni obukulo lobes temporal.
- Imigraines ingahambelana nokuhlelwa, njengemigqa yegigggg ehambayo ezinhlotsheni zabo ezilula. Lokhu kungahle kwenzeke ngaphambi kwekhanda, noma ngokwabo ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuhambisanayo. Ukubonakaliswa okunamandla okwedlulele kwezinguquko ze-migraine yi-Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome, okuthiwa ngoba ithinta umbono wezesayizi. Izinto, abantu, izakhiwo noma izitho zakho siqu zingabonakala zinciphisa noma zandise, njengomphumela wesiphuzo, ikhekhe nama-mushroom okuthi uCarroll's heroine uyingxenye yobuciko bekhulu lesishiyagalolunye.
- I-Hypnagogic (i- hypnos : ukulala ne- agogos : ukunciphisa) kanye ne-hypnopompic (i- pompe : ukuthumela kude) ukucubungula kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala noma ukuvusa, ngokulandelana. Zingabonwa noma zihlolwe futhi zivame ukungavamile. Zingahlanganiswa nokuphazamiseka kokulala okufana ne-narcolepsy.
- Ukuzizwa kungabangela ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi ama-olfactory nokuvutha) kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo ebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile kuvamise futhi kungalandelwa ukulahlekelwa ulwazi kusuka ekuthunjweni okujwayelekile. Uma ziyi-olfactory, zibiza iphunga elimnandi, elivame ukuchazwa njengenjoloba evuthayo.
Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa
Izidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic, kufaka phakathi i-LSD (i-lysergic acid diethylamide) ne-PCP (phencyclidine), yenza isithombeni samakhemikhali ebuchosheni ukuze enze imibono eguqulelwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-hallucinations ecacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa eziningi ezitholakalayo emakethe zinemiphumela emibi ehlanganisa ukucubungula. Lezi zidakamizwa zingathinta izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni, kuhlanganise nokulawulwa kwe-serotonin, i-dopamine noma i-acetylcholine (zonke ezintathu zazo amakhemikhali abalulekile ekusebenzeni komqondo ovamile). Isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikaParkinson zenzelwe ukukhulisa inethiwekhi ye-dopaminergic, ebeka engozini yokucubungula. Ngokuthakazelisayo, imithi yokwelapha i-hallucinations ngokuvamile isebenza ngokunciphisa umphumela we-dopamine.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isithombe, umsindo, noma izwi liyiloqobo noma lingelona iqiniso, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zonke lezi zinzwa, esizithatha kalula njengeqiniso, empeleni zenziwe yi-wiring yethu yemvelo yocingo. Sisebenza nje "sibone" ngoba sinomnethiwekhi wonke wobuchopho obhekene nokucubungula izimpawu zokukhanya. Ukushintsha okuncane kakhulu kule mishini esinqunyiwe kanye nezwe lethu lonke le "iqiniso" liyoqubuka. Cabanga nje ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buhloselwe ukucubungula ukukhanya njengoba kuholele iphunga futhi ngokuphambene nalokhu: uzokwazi ukudweba njengamakha nama-deodorants njengemibala yokukhanya. Futhi lokho-ke, kungaba "iqiniso."
> Imithombo:
> Schadlu AP, uSchadlu R Shepherd JB 3. I-Charles Bonnet syndrome: ukubuyekezwa. Ama-Opinions amanje ku-Ophthalmology; 2009, 20 (3): 219-222.
> I-Teeple RC, i-Caplan JP, i-Stern TA. Ama-Hallucinations okubonwayo: Ukuhlonza okuhlukile nokwelapha. Umngane Wokunakekela Oyinhloko Kumagazini We-Clinical Psychiatry; 2009, 11 (1): 26-32.