Igama elithi myelopathy lisho inkinga ngocingo lomgogodla, okungaholela ekungenikeleni, obuthakathaka, e- dysautonomia , nokuningi. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezehlukene zokwenza imyelopathy. Ukutheleleka akuyona imbangela evame kakhulu, kodwa odokotela kudingeka bakubone ngoba ukutheleleka kudinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa. Ama-virus, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, noma ama-parasite angabangela umonakalo wendlala yomgogodla.
Hlola izinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo ezingu-10 zezifo zomgogodla.
Ama-virus
I-virus immunodeficiency virus (i-HIV): Izinkinga ze-neurological ze- HIV zivame kakhulu phakathi nenkambo yesifo. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zibangelwa izifo ezithathelanayo ezisebenzise uhlelo lomzimba olubuthakathaka. I-HIV ngokwayo, ingahlasela isimiso sezinzwa, kuhlanganise nomgogodla. Ucwaningo lokuphenya izintambo zomgogodla zabantu abaye bafa ne-HIV bathole isifo sengqondo esiyingqayizivele phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-11 kuya ku-22 amaphesenti omgogodla. Lapho lezi ziguli zinezibonakaliso, zizokhononda ngokugubha futhi zihlukane emilenzeni yazo, zilandelwe ubuthakathaka nokulahlekelwa phansi. Ngokuvamile, ukulahlekelwa kwesilonda noma ukulawula isisu kungalandela. Ngokuvamile, umuzwa wokududuza kanye nomqondo wesikhundla (ukutholakala kwemvelo) kuncipha ngaphezu kwamanye izinzwa ezifana nokushisa noma ubuhlungu. Ngaphandle kokwelapha i-HIV, kudinga ukuphanga ngokucophelela ukukhipha ezinye izifo noma izifo ezifana ne- lymphoma .
I-T-cell i-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1): Leli gciwane livame kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo, ngakho-ke i-myelopathy ebangelwa leli gciwane iyaziwa ngokuthi i-parpiresisis ye-tropical spastic (TSP), noma i-HTLV-1 ehlobene ne-myelopathy (HAM ). Ubuthakathaka bukhula kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule. Izinguquko ezibonakalayo nama-dysautonomiya nazo zivamile.
Amagciwane e-Herpes: Umndeni we-herpes wamagciwane uhlanganisa i-varicella zoster (i-VZV, imbangela yenkukhu), i- herpes simplex virus (HSV), igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (i-EBV, imbangela ye- mononucleosis ), ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) . Konke kungabangela izifo emthonjeni womgogodla.
I-VZV ibangela izibungu ngemuva kokuvuselelwa emgodini wezimpande ze-dorsal eduze nomgogodla, okuholela ekuqotheni okubuhlungu kakhulu. I-myelitis ingase ifike ngesikhathi esisodwa njengesiqhwaga, okubangelwa ubuthakathaka, kodwa kungase futhi kwenzeke kancane kancane futhi ngaphandle kokuqhaqhazela kubantu abangenakuzivikela.
I-Myelitis ebangelwa ezinye amagciwane we-herpes, njenge-HSV, ayivamile kubantu abanamasosha omzimba aqinile. Kulawo amasosha omzimba awonakele, afana nalawo anesandulela-ngculazi esinamandla, amagciwane anjenge-CMV angabangela i-myelitis nge-numbness, ubuthakathaka, nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukwelashwa ngama-anti-virus akuyona inkambo engcono kunazo zonke kuleso simo, kanye nokulungisa imithi yokuzivikela, uma kungenzeka.
- I-entoviruses: I- enterovirus eyaziwa kakhulu ukuthelela umgogodla yi-polio, okuyinto esibukwayo engavamile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile. Njenga- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), isifo sofuba sithinta amangqamuzana ompondo omgogodla we-spinal cord, okuholela ekukhubaleleni ngaphandle kokushintsha kwezinto ezizwakalayo. Nakuba ukukhubazeka okubangelwa yi-poliyo empeleni kuyinkimbinkimbi engavamile (amaphesenti angu-1 kuya ku-2 amaphesenti), imiphumela yaso yinkimbinkimbi futhi yayiyimbangela evamile yokulimala nokuhlala esibhedlela kuze kube sekufikeni ukugoma kwasiza ukuqeda lesi sifo.
Igciwane le-West Nile : I- West Nile igciwane lithwala omiyane. Izinkinga ze-neurological zenzeka cishe ezingamaphesenti angu-5 eziguli ezithathelelekile, kuhlanganise ne-meningitis noma ukukhubazeka. Njenge-polio, lokhu kukhubazeka kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamaseli ompondo angaphambilini. I-ventilation ye-mechanical ingadingeka uma izimpawu ziba nzima ngokwanele.
I-Syphilis
I-Syphilis ibizwa ngokuthi "umlingisi omkhulu" nge-neurology ngoba lesi sifo singenza cishe noma yini ngaphakathi kwesimiso sezinzwa. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sihlasela isimiso sezinzwa phakathi nonyaka wokutheleleka, kodwa kuphela amaphesenti angu-5 abantu abane-syphilis bahlakulele izinkinga zemitholampilo.
Njengoba i-syphilis ivame ukubanjwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ithuba lezinkinga ze-neurological, lezi zinkinga manje azivamile. Phakathi kwezifo eziningi ezingase zibe khona zokutheleleka kwe-syphilitic, isifo somgogodla sasigcwele izikhathi eziyishumi ngaphezulu kunezinye. Ngemuva kwalokho kwakungu-meningomyelitis nesifo se-spinal vascular. Konke kuzo zonke, ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka kwe-syphilis kungathinta umgogodla ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Igama elithi "amathebhu dorsalis" libhekisela kulesi sifo esivame kakhulu somgogodla ohlotshaniswa ne-syphilis, futhi ngokuvamile siqala eminyakeni engu-10 kuya kwe-15 emva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Ezingamaphesenti angu-70 zalaba baguli, isikhathi esibuhlungu sobuhlungu yilona uphawu lokuqala. Lokhu kulandelwa ukungabi namandla kanye nezinkinga zokulawula isisu nesilonda. Ubumbulu, ukubetha, nezinye izinkinga ezineziphumo zokuzwa. Isigaba esilandelayo sihilela i- ataxia eqinile yemilenze, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba kancane kancane. Ekugcineni, isigaba sokugcina ukukhubazeka okuphelele kwemilenze.
I-Meningomyelitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungeze intambo yomgogodla kanye nomgogodla ngokwayo. Isibonakaliso sokuqala singumqondo onzima wesilonda. Ukulahleka okuncane kuncane kakhulu, kodwa imilenze iya kancane kancane.
I-syphilis ingabangela futhi i-vasculitis eyabangela ukulimala kwe-ischemic kumgogodla ngokunqamula ukugeleza kwegazi, noma kungabangela ukukhula okungavamile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-gumma okunciphisa kancane kancane izintambo zemisipha emthonjeni. Ngenhlanhla, lesi sifo ngokuvamile siphendula kahle i- penicillin .
Isifo sofuba
Njenga-syphilis, isifo sofuba singabangela izinhlobo eziningi zezinkinga ze-neurological, kodwa ngenhlanhla, akuvamile emazweni athuthukile. Inkinga ejwayelekile kakhulu yomgogodla ibangelwa izilonda zamabhungane emgodleni osakazeka emthonjeni womgogodla. Ubuhlungu besifuba yisimpawu esivame kakhulu sokuqala, njengoba intambo igcwala i-pus from the vertebra enegciwane.
Ama-Absterial Abscesses
I- abscess iyisifo esivele sigodliwe emzimbeni wonke ngesistimu yomzimba yomzimba. Umphumela yiqoqo eliqukethe i-pus. Lokhu kukhula kungase kuvuleke ngezinye izikhathi, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwezakhiwo ezijwayelekile emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi intambo yomgogodla. Isizathu esivame ukwedlula umgogodla wezintambo zomgogodla yi- Staphylococcus aureus. Ukutheleleka kuhlukaniswe nomzimba wonke, ngakho ukunikeza ama-antibiotic ngokuvamile akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu, ngoba ayikho indlela yokuthi izidakamizwa zidlulise umkhawulo. I-neurosurgeon ingadingeka ukuze isuse i-abscess ngaphandle kokuyisusa futhi ichithe ukutheleleka emzimbeni.
Izifo ZamaFungal
Isifo esiwumfutho esithinta umthambo womgogodla awuvamile, futhi kuvame ukutholakala kuphela kulabo abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile. Enye isikhunta, njenge-Aspergillus, ingahlasela isikhala somgogodla, kanti abanye bangabangela ukukhula okubizwa ngokuthi i-granulomas engase icindezele intambo yomgogodla.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Ngenkathi izifo ezithathelwanayo zomzimba zomgogodla zingavamile kumazwe asathuthuka, izifo zomhlaba wonke zeSchistosoma zingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezifo ezithathelwanayo. Lezi zivame ukutholakala eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga ye-Asia. Izinto eziphilayo zivame ukuhlala emanzini amasha, futhi abantu bangenwe igciwane lapho begeza kulowo manzi. I-canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus ingabangela ama-cysts acindezela intambo yomgogodla. I-Cysticercosis ingase ihlanganise nomgogodla ngamaphesenti angama-5 wamacala. I-Paragonimiasis iyinhlangano ye-lung fluke esitholakala ngokuyinhloko e-Asia futhi ingatholakala ngokudla ama-crabs angenamanzi aphekwe kahle. Konke kungaholela ekugqibeleni, ekutheni, ubuthakathaka, kanye nezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-myelopathy.
Ngenkathi lezi zifo zingase zivelele, ziyesabe, futhi zivame ukungathí sina, iqiniso liwukuthi eziningi zazo zilashwa uma zihlonishwa kahle, ikakhulu uma zitholakala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
> Imithombo:
> Goodman, BP. Indlela Yokuxilongwa Kwama-Myeloneuropathy; I-Continuum: Umgogodla, Umsuka, ne-Plexus Disorders Umqulu 17, Inombolo 4, Agasti 2011.
> AH Ropper, MA Samuels. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.