Isizathu Sokuba Umuntu Angeke Aphendulile Esibhedlela
Izinga lomuntu lokuqaphela liyisilinganiso sokuthi uqaphele kanjani nokuthi uyazi ukuthi zingakanani. Ukuqaphela kuyinkimbinkimbi nge-shades eminingi futhi ingaba kusuka ku- coma kuya esimweni sokuphaphama nokuqaphelisa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-hypervigilance, njengoba kubonakala ku-mania noma i-amphetamine yokudakwa.
Izindlela Zokuchaza Ukuqaphela
Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga wokuguquka angaguqulwa nemiphumela emibi, ezinye izazi ziye zaphakamisa nokuthi izinga lesiguli sesiguli libhekwa njengesinye isibonakaliso esibalulekile, njengezinga lenhliziyo nokushisa komzimba.
Odokotela banezindlela eziningi zokuchaza amazinga okuqaphela nokuthi ushintshile kanjani esigulini.
Indlela endala yokuchazela ukuqaphela kwakuwukusebenzisa amagama afana nokuthi "ukuqwashisa, ukuvalela, ukuvota" nokuthi "i-coma," ngayinye ebonisa isimo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, la magama agodliwe ikakhulukazi njengengacacile noma echazayo ngokwanele ngisho noma engalungile.
Indlela esetshenziswe kakhulu kunazo zonke yokuchaza ukuqonda manje yi-Glasgow coma scale (GCS), ehlanganisa izinga lomuntu lomqondo esikalini kusuka kwesinye kuya kweshumi nanhlanu, ngezinombolo ezinkulu ezimelela ukuqapha okukhulu. I-GCS ayilungile. Ezinye izilinganiso zihlongozwa, kepha ukujwayela odokotela ne-GCS kugcina lokhu okusetshenziselwa kakhulu.
Kusho ukuthini iComa?
Ukuguqulwa okwakwaziwa kakhulu kokuqaphela kungukuthi i- coma engathandekayo - okusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuvuswa futhi amehlo abo avaliwe. Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-coma, enezigaba ezihlukene zobunzima.
Isibonelo, i-coma ingabangelwa ngokuzithandela ngemithi enikeziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ingabangelwa isifo esibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi, i-coma ingase ishintshwe yi-vegetative eqhubekayo noma ngisho nokufa kwengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi, othile angase avuke kusuka ku-coma.
Ukwengeza ku-coma, kunezinye izindlela eziningi ukuthi ukwazi komuntu kungaphumeleli:
Delirium
Esinye seziphazamiso ezivame kakhulu zokuqwashisa ezibhedlela yizimo eziphazamisayo zomhlaba, owaziwa nangokuthi i- delirium . Ezinye izilinganiso zithi cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abasesibhedlela babhekana nalesi simo ngezinga elithile. Esimweni esinzima sokudideka, ulwazi lushintshashintsha ukuze umuntu abonakale emuhle umzuzu owodwa futhi imizuzwana embalwa kamuva angase abonakale engumuntu ohluke ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuthi bakuphi, bangakwazi isikhathi noma idethi, futhi bangase bangaqapheli ubuso obujwayele embhede.
Ama-Hallucinations ajwayelekile. Eqinisweni, abantu abasesimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi yokudideka bangase bahlakulele ukukhohlisa, besaba ukuthi abasebenzi basebhedlela noma umndeni bazobalimaza. Ngesinye isikhathi izidumbu ezididekile zizokhipha imigqa ehlinzeka ngemithi futhi ingase izame ngisho nokuphuma embhedeni futhi iphunyuke esibhedlela.
Izimo eziphazamisayo ezivame ukubangelwa yizinkinga ezithinta wonke umzimba, njengama-toxins, imithi, izifo, ubuhlungu nokuningi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi nakuba kungathatha isikhashana, lezi zivame ukuzixazulula ngokwabo ngemuva kokuba inkinga yezokwelapha iqondiswe.
Hypersomnia
Abanye abantu banokulala ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yanoma yiliphi inani lezinkinga, kufaka phakathi izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne- narcolepsy ne-idiopathic hypersomnia.
Umphumela wukuthi othile uzobe elele lapho ephapheme futhi angase alele ngokusebenzisa okuningi usuku. Nakuba abantu be-coma bangase babonakale belele, ubuthongo beqiniso ngempela buhlukile. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ulele, uyakwazi ukuvula noma ukuhambisa ingalo yakho. Iziguli ezithandanayo azikwazi ukwenza lokhu.
I-Akinetic Mutism
Izilonda ezifana nokushaywa yizinhlangothi ezithile ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho, kuhlanganise ne-anterior cingulate gyrus, ziholela kumuntu obonakala ephapheme kodwa engaqondi ukuthi kwenzekani ezungezile futhi akahambanga ngokuzenzekelayo. Izigaba ezithuthukisiwe ze-dementia ziholela ekuziphatheni okukhambelanayo.
Abulia
U-Abulia uhlobo lokunciphisa ngokweqile lokugqugquzela ngenxa yokulimala emigwaqweni enesizathu sokugqugquzela.
Lo monakalo ungase ube ngokuzumayo, njengokwesimo sokushaywa yisifo sokushaya isisu, noma ukuphuza futhi okuqhubekayo, njengesifo esiphezulu se-Alzheimer's. Umphumela ngumuntu ongafuni futhi akakwazi, wenza okuningi kunoma yini. I-degree of abulia ingahlukahluka, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu umuntu ngeke ahambe, akhulume noma abuye adle noma aphuze, ngaleyo ndlela afana nokuhlukumeza okukodwa. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, umuntu ohlukumezayo angahle abe ne-coaxed ukulandela imiyalo elula, nakuba bengeke benze lokhu ngaphandle kokukhuthazwa.
I-Catatonia
I-Catatonia yisifo esiyinkinga lapho umuntu ebonakala engaphenduli kodwa unesimo esithile esijwayelekile sokuhlolwa kwegazi. Abantu abane-catatonia bangabonisa ukuziphatha okungavamile, okufana ne-catalepsy, egcina izikhundla ezibonakala zingakhululekile isikhathi esithile eside. Bangase bakhombise ukuguquguquka okunamandla, okusho ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukubeka isilonda sesiguli. Futhi, abantu abane-catatonia bangaba nokuphindaphindiwe okufana nokuthunjwa, nakuba i- electroencephalograph yabo (EEG) evamile. I-Catatonia ingabangela ukukhathazeka kwengqondo okufana nokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar noma i-schizophrenia.
Ikhiyiwe-In Syndrome
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-syndrome ehluthulelwe akuyona ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nakuba ingalingisa eyodwa. Eqinisweni, yilokho okwenza lokhu kuphazamiseka ikakhulukazi kusabe. Umuntu ovalelwe akakwazi ukuhambisa noma ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle kodwa uhlala ephapheme futhi ephapheme. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo esibucayi ku-brainstem singabangela cishe wonke umzimba ukukhubazeka futhi kungabangela isiguli ukuba sibonakale sihambisana. Kuye ngesibangela, lo muntu angakwazi ukuxhumana nokunyakaza kwamehlo. Nakuba kungase kube nzima, kufanele kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokuhlukanisa isiguli sokudla noma isisindo esivela ngaphakathi.
Ukucabanga kokugcina
Indlela isiguli esenza kahle ngayo noma yiyiphi yalezi zimo incike ezintweni eziningi, hhayi okungenani okuyi-diagnostic efanele. Izazi ze-neurologists kumele ziqaphele ukuhlonza kahle lezi zimo, njengoba ngamunye kubangelwa izifo ezihlukahlukene eziphansi futhi angase aphendule ezithombeni ezahlukene.
Imithombo:
UJerome B. Posner noFred Plum. Ukuhlolwa kwePlum ne-Posner yokuHlola nokuComa. I-New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa Izimo Zemitholampilo. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
QAPHELA: Ulwazi olukulesi sayithi lunguzinhloso zemfundo kuphela. Akufanele isetshenziswe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa ngumuntu udokotela olayisenisi. Sicela ubheke udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe futhi aphathwe noma yiziphi izimpawu noma isimo sezokwelapha .