Abazihlolisisa babhekwa ngokuthi 'kuyinselele' odokotela
Iningi lethu libuyela e-Inthanethi ngolwazi oluhlobene nempilo. Ngokusho kwePew Research Center, ngo-2014, amaphesenti angu-87 abantu abadala baseMelika bafinyeleleka ku-Inthanethi, futhi ngonyaka ka-2012, amaphesenti angu-72 abaphenduli bezinhlolovo athi babheke ku-inthanethi ngolwazi oluhlobene nezempilo ngonyaka odlule.
Akukona isikhathi eside kakhulu, iziguli zazizitholile ulwazi oluthile lwezokwelapha.
Udokotela angathatha imizuzu embalwa ukuthi achaze isifo, isifo sayo kanye nesifundo esilindele, kulandelwa incazelo yezinketho zokwelapha. Njengoba ukwanda kwe-intanethi-ubuchwepheshe obushintshe umuthi ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye into eyenziwe-udokotela-isiguli esinamandla ushintshile, futhi. Manje, noma ubani angakwazi ukufinyelela kalula ulwazi oluhlobene nempilo, futhi iziguli ziletha lolu lwazi ekuvakasheni ihhovisi.
Ngalesi soguquko semininingwane yezempilo, odokotela bakhathazekile ngokuthi iziguli zabo zizophatha kanjani lolu lwazi nokuthi lolu lwazi luzobathinta kanjani "ubudlelwane nodokotela-mgulane," okusho, ngokusho kwabalobi uSusan Dorr Goold noMack Lipkin, Jr., kuchazwa njengendlela "ekhona lapho idatha iqoqene khona, ukuxilongwa nezinhlelo zenziwa, ukuhambisana nokufezwa, ukuguqulwa kwesiguli, nokusekelwa kunikezwa."
Kusukela emibonweni yomtholampilo, ulwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakala kwi-intanethi lusetshenziselwa ukwengeza futhi lusetshenziswe kangcono ukukwazisa isinqumo sakho sezokwelapha-hhayi ukusibuyisela.
Ulwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakala kwi-intanethi akufanele luqondise ukuzihlola noma ukwelashwa.
I-Inthanethi ihlola iziguli
Iziguli ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-Internet ngezindlela ezimbili.
Okokuqala, iziguli zifuna ulwazi ngaphambi kokuvakashela umtholampilo ukunquma ukuthi zidinga ukubona ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze baqale.
Okwesibili, iziguli zifuna i-Intanethi ngemva kokuqokwa noma ukuqinisekiswa ngenani lemininingwane enikezwe umhlinzeki wezempilo.
Naphezu kokuthola ulwazi oluhlobene nempilo oluvela e-intanethi, iningi labantu alisebenzisi i-intanethi ukuzihlola futhi esikhundleni salokho bavakashele odokotela babo ukuze basungulwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labantu futhi libuyela odokotela babo ngemibuzo mayelana nezidakamizwa nolwazi mayelana nokunye ukwelashwa kanye nokudluliselwa kochwepheshe.
Abaseshi abasebenzisa i-intanethi abasebenza ikakhulukazi bahlanganisa abantu abanezifo ezingelapheki abangafuni ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokugula kwabo besebenzisa i-intanethi kodwa futhi babuyele kwabanye ukusekela. Ukwengeza, abantu abangenawo umshuwalense bavame ukuvula i-Inthanethi ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu nokugula. Okokugcina, abantu abanezifo ezingavamile, abazophoqeleka ukuhlangabezana nabanye abafana nabo ezweni langempela, bavame ukwabelana ngolwazi kanye nezihloko zesayensi besebenzisa amapulatifomu e-intanethi.
Odokotela baphendula ngezindlela ezintathu
Ngokwenhlolovo ka-2005 eyashicilelwe eMfundweni YezeMpilo Nokululekwa , uMiriam McMullan uphakamisa ukuthi emva kokuba isiguli sinikeze udokotela noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo emnothweni we-intanethi, umhlinzeki wezempilo uyophendula ngendlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Ubuhlobo obunempilo nobuchwepheshe . Umhlinzeki wezempilo angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi igunya lakhe lezokwelapha lisongelwa noma lisetshenziswe ngolwazi isiguli esichaza futhi luzovikela ngokusobala "umbono wezobuchwepheshe" ngaleyo ndlela ivala noma iyiphi ingxoxo eqhubekayo.
Lokhu kusabela kuvamile phakathi kwabadokotela abanekhono lobuchwepheshe lobuchwepheshe obumpofu. Udokotela uzobe esetshenziselwa ukuvakashela isiguli esifushane ukuze aqondise isiguli esenzweni sesenzo esithandayo somdokotela. Le ndlela ivame ukushiya isiguli singenelisekile futhi sikhungathekile, futhi iziguli zingashiya ukuqokwa ukuthi zizilungiselele kangcono kunokuba udokotela efuna ulwazi lwezempilo kanye nezinketho zokwelapha kwi-intanethi.
Ubuhlobo obugxilwe ngesineke . Ngalesi simo, umhlinzeki wezempilo kanye nesiguli babambisana futhi babheke imithombo ye-Inthanethi ndawonye.
Nakuba isiguli sinesikhathi esengeziwe sokusesha iwebhu, udokotela noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo angathatha isikhashana ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwesiguli ukuze agqoke iwebhu kanye nesiguli futhi amqondise emithonjeni efanele yolwazi olwengeziwe. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi le ndlela ihamba phambili; Kodwa-ke, abahlinzeki abaningi bakhononda ngokuthi akusikho isikhathi esanele ngesikhathi sokuvakashela emitholampilo ephansi ukufuna i-intanethi ngesiguli futhi baxoxe ngezinketho zesifo nokwelapha.
I-inthanethi kadokotela . Ekupheleni kwengxoxo, umhlinzeki wezempilo angancoma isiguli amanye amawebhusayithi okubhekisela kuwo. Ngamawebhusayithi amaningi ahlobene nempilo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umhlinzeki ahlinzekele konke. Kunalokho, angancoma amawebhusayithi ambalwa avela ezikhungo ezihlonishwayo, njengeCDC, MedlinePlus noma i-NHS Izinqumo.
Umbono Wezokwelapha Ukwaziswa Okusekelwe E-Intanethi
Akukho okunye okushiwo ngaphezu kokusabela okuqondile kwabadokotela abazwa imibuzo kusuka kwiziguli 24/7. Kulesi sifo, uDkt. Farrah Ahmed kanye nozakwethu bahlela amaqembu ayisithupha okugxila kulowo odokotela basekhaya abangama-48 ababenokusebenza ezindaweni zaseToronto.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, "izintathu ezintathu ezivelele: (1) ukusabela okubonakalayo kweziguli, (2) umthwalo odokotela, kanye (3) nokuchazwa kodokotela nokuxilongwa kolwazi."
Ukusabela okubonwayo kweziguli
Odokotela eqenjini lokugxila bathi ezinye iziguli ezithatha ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi zazididekile noma zicindezelekile ngedatha. Iqembu elincane leziguli elisetshenziselwa i-Intanethi ukuze lifunde kabanzi ngemibandela yabo yezokwelapha esandulelwe noma yokuzihlolisisa noma ngaphandle kokuzitholela. Iziguli ezazisisebenzisa i-Internet yokuzihlola nokuzithiba zabonakala "zinselele."
Odokotela bathi izimpendulo ezithinta iziguli zithinta kakhulu ulwazi olukhona lapho, ukuthambekela kweziguli ukwamukela ulwazi lwezempilo ngokukholwa okuyimpumputhe nokuntuleka kweziguli ukuhlola ngokujulile ulwazi lwezempilo olwethulwe.
Odokotela bathande lapho iziguli zisebenzisa i-Inthanethi ukuze zifunde kabanzi ngemibandela yabo yezokwelapha ngaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abazange bathande lapho iziguli zisetshenziselwa ulwazi ukuze zihlolwe noma ziziphathe noma zivivinye ulwazi lodokotela. Akukhona nje ukuthi odokotela baveza lezi ziguli njengenselele kodwa futhi "zinezinzwa," "zithinteka" futhi "zinzima" kanye nokuvela emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe. Odokotela babevame ukuxoxa ngemizwa yokuthukuthela nokukhungatheka lapho bevikela izifo zabo kanye nezifo ngeziguli ezinjalo.
Nazi ezinye izimpendulo ezidokotela ezivela kumaqembu okugxila:
"[Iziguli] zigcwala amaqiniso amacabango ezimweni eziningi, azikwazi ukuzihumusha, okuyinto evame ukuyiqonda."
"Bakha izinhlobonhlobo zezihloko ezingavamile futhi izinto ezimayelana nemibandela ehlukene, kanti ezinye zazo ziyesabeka kakhulu. ... Bacabanga ukuthi konke kwenzeka."
"Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona isimo esisodwa lapho i-intanethi isebenza khona. Uma lo muntu ehlonishwa, futhi bafuna ukuthola okwengeziwe, bafundise ngokwabo ..., ngithola ukuthi empeleni kuyasiza ezimweni lapho ... akusiyona isikhathi esiningi kimi. "
Udokotela Wezinkampani
Abaningi odokotela ababaza ngesikhathi sokucwaninga bathola ukuthi ukubhekana nokwaziswa kwezempilo okwethulwa isiguli kwakudla isikhathi, futhi basebenzisa amagama alandelayo okukhetha ukuchaza okuhlangenwe nakho: "ecasulayo," "ecasulayo," "ecasulayo," "okwesibindi," nangokuthi "ikhanda . "Odokotela bathi babecabanga ukuthi kwakuwumthwalo ukubhekana nolwazi lwezempilo olwethulwa isiguli, nokuthi babengenaso isikhathi sokwenza kanjalo.
Konke, kwakukhona ukukhathazeka okuningi phakathi kwamalungu eqembu lokugxila. Ngaphezu komthwalo wokubhekana nolwazi lwezempilo olungaphandle, odokotela abaningi babonisa ukukhathazeka ngekhwalithi kanye nokwanela kolwazi lwezempilo kuwebhu. Ekugcineni, odokotela abathile asebekhulile bavuma ukuthi amakhono abo ekhompyutheni ayimbi.
Nazi amaphuzu ambalwa avela eqenjini lokugxila:
"Uma nje lolo hlu luphuma ngiyesaba ... [ngenxa yezinkinga zesikhathi kanye nakho konke okunye."
"Angicabangi iziguli eziza ngolwazi, kodwa kunzima uma zikunikeza iphasela, uyazi, amashidi angu-60 .... Isikhathi sisezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho kwenza kube nzima kakhulu."
Ukuhunyushwa kweDokotela nokuQinisekiswa koLwazi
Nakuba bekungesibo bonke abajabule ngakho, odokotela abaningi ocwaningweni babheka ukubeka ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi kumongo weziguli njengengxenye yemithwalo yabo yemfanelo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungumsebenzi womdokotela wokucabangela umlando ngamunye wezokwelashwa kuzo zonke iziguli uma ukhuluma ngolwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi. Kulezi ziguli ezazizimele, noma zisetshenziselwa i-intanethi ukuze zifunde kabanzi mayelana nemibandela ekhona ngaphambili, le nqubo yayiyindlela yokwelapha elula futhi elula.
Kodwa-ke, odokotela bathola ukukhokhisa ukufundisa iziguli ezazikhathazekile noma ezicindezelekile ngolwazi olutholakala kuyi-intanethi. Okokugcina, iziguli ezazisisebenzisa i-Internet ukuzihlola nokuzitholela zivame ukubeka odokotela "endaweni" futhi zifuna ukuba zivikele izifo zabo zonke ngenkathi zizokwaziswa okungafaneleki ezivela kwi-Inthanethi.
Ngokuphawulekayo, abambalwa odokotela abazange bazizwe ukuthi ukuhumusha ulwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi kwakuwumthwalo wemisebenzi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye odokotela baye bafika "emlilweni" iziguli ezibabuze ukwaziswa okunjalo, zibheke iziguli ezinjalo kubachwepheshe, noma zikhokhise okunye ukuvakashelwa-konke okubhekwa njengokuziphatha okuzivikela.
Ngaphansi
Ulwazi lwezempilo kwi-intanethi alupheli. Olunye lolu lwazi luhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungaqondi konke okuchazwe. Isibonelo, ukuhlukana okukodwa kokuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda kuyingozi, kodwa amathuba okuthi noma yikuphi ukuphathwa kwezinsizwa okuhlobene nokushaywa yisisu kuncane kakhulu-ikakhulukazi uma usemncane futhi unempilo.
Ukwaziswa okuqoqwe kusuka kwi-intanethi kungasisiza ngokumangalisayo njengoba kunjalo neziguli ezinezimo zempilo ezingapheli abafuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngokunakekelwa kwazo. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nokulimaza, njengokungathi kumuntu odedela ngokungadingekile ngokuzihlola, noma okubi nakakhulu, umuntu oziphatha ngokuzihlola, okungabangela ukulimala komzimba. Khumbula ukuthi udokotela wakho angasiza ekufakeni ulwazi olutholile ku-inthanethi kumongo.
Okubalulekile, ukuxilongwa akukwazi ukusekelwe kolwazi lwezempilo lwe-inthanethi kuphela. Ukuxilongwa kuyinto inqubo ehambelana kahle eyenziwa ngumsebenzi. Udokotela usethembele ekwenzeni i-acumen yezokwelapha kanye nengcebo yolwazi lwezokwelapha-ezinye zazo zingatholakala kuwebhu-ukuze kutholakale isiguli. Ngokuqondile, ngokusekelwe emlandweni wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo ngokomzimba, udokotela ukhipha ukuhlonza okuhlukile, noma uhlu olubalulekile lokuthola izifo. Imiphumela evela ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Uma uthola ulwazi kwi-intanethi ongathanda ukuba udokotela wakho abukeze abuye achaze, kungumqondo omuhle ukulahla lolu lwazi nodokotela wakho bese umcela ukuba abuke lapho enesikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungahlela ukuqokwa okuhlukile ukuze uxoxisane nokukhathazeka kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> Ahmad F et al. Ingabe Odokotela Bazilungiselele Iziguli Ezinezokwelapha Zempilo Ezixhunywe Inthanethi? I-Journal ye-Medical Internet Research. 2006; 8: 3.
> Izindaba zezempilo. I-Pew Research Centre. http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/.
> Kuehn BM. Iziguli Zifuna Ukwesekwa Kwe-Inthanethi, Iseluleko Esiwusizo NgezeMpilo. I-JAMA. 2011; 305: 16.
> Lanseng EJ no-Andreassen TW. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwe-elekthronikhi: Ukufunda Ukulungela Kwebantfu kanye Nombono Wokwenza Ukuzihlola Kwakho. I-International Journal of Service Industry Management. 2007; 18: 4.
> McMullan, M. Iziguli ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi ukuthola ulwazi lwezempilo: Lokhu kuthinta kanjani ubuhlobo bomsebenzi wezeziguli. Imfundo Nokubekezela Ukubekezela. 2006; 63.