Ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri kuchazwa njengomuntu obelethayo (okwamanje lapho ebeletha noma esanda kuzalwa) amakhono emoto noma okungaqondakali okubangelwa ukulimala ebuchosheni noma izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kobuchopho obwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa komama noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwengane yakhe . I-cerebral palsy yigama elisho ukuthi ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka be-cerebral (ubuchopho) etiology.
Ukuthinta izingane ezingaba ngu- 1 kwabangu-500 nabantu abadala , kunezimbangela ezithile ezaziwayo nezimo eziyingozi kule nkinga.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi iningi lezimbangela ezibonakalayo zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwalesi simo. Akucaci ukuthi kungani ezinye izingane ezihlangabezana nalezi zenzakalo zidala ukukhubazeka kwesibindi kanti ezinye azikho.
Idiopathic
Ezimweni eziningi, akekho imbangela ebonakalayo yokukhubazeka kwengqondo ye-cerebral palsy. Nakuba kunezimbangela eziningana ezaziwayo zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, uma ngabe ingane yakho noma ingane yakho ithola ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingeke likwazi ukubona imbangela.
Iningi lezingane ezitholakale zinalesi sifo aziwa ukuthi zivezwe ezimbangela ezibonakalayo noma izici eziyingozi, zinezivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokucubungula ubuchopho futhi zingenalo ukukhubazeka kobuciko obuhlobene nokukhubazeka kwesiberethri.
Ukungahleleki kweCerebral
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kwengane noma umuntu omdala one-cerebral palsy angabonisa amaphethini okuhlukumezeka kwisakhiwo esithile sobuchopho.
Ezinye izindawo zobuchopho zingase zibe ezinkulu noma ezincane kunezilinganiso noma ezingavamile. Izikhulu kunezikhala ezijwayelekile ezigcwele uketshezi kungenzeka zibe khona kwezinye izimo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukucwaninga izithombe kungabonisa isakhiwo sobuchopho esingaguquki ngokusayizi noma ukuma, njengokungathi ku-cortical dysplasia, isimo lapho izinkanyezi endaweni yengqondo azihambeli endaweni yazo efanele.
Isizathu sokukhubazeka okungavamile kwe-cerebral akuvamile ukukhonjiswa.
I-Hypoxia
Uma umntwana osanda kuzalwa noma umntwana osanda kuzalwa ehlushwa ukungabi khona oksijini, ngisho nesikhathi esifushane, lokhu kungabangela ukulimala okungapheli ebuchosheni bomntwana okhulayo. I-hypoxia ingenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuhlukunyezwa komama, ukugula okukhulelwe komama, kanye nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha noma ngezimbangela ezingaziwa.
Izifo
Okunye ukutheleleka komama kungakhuthaza ubuchopho bomntwana obusakhulayo, obangela ukungaboni kahle kwe-cerebral okubonakala njengokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, ikakhulukazi uma kusengaphambili kubangele ukutheleleka okunzima kwe-systemic njenge-sepsis.
I-Trauma
Ukuhlukunyezwa komama kungathinta ubuchopho bomntwana ngezindlela eziningi, okungenzeka kuholele ekukhubazekeni kwe-cerebral palsy. Ukwehla kwegazi noma ukulahlekelwa oksijini okwenzeka ngenxa yengozi kungabangela umntwana okhulayo ukuba ahlupheke yi-hypoxia. Imiphumela engokomzimba yethonya elibizayo lingalimaza ingane ngezindlela eziholela noma ezifaka isandla ekukhubazekeni kwe-cerebral.
Izifo Ze-Cerebrovascular
Umntwana okhulayo noma umntwana osanda kuzalwa angakwazi ukushaya isifo , okuholela ekulahlekeni okuqhubekayo noma okungaqondakali okuphawulekayo kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Imbangela yesifo singase ingaziwa, noma ingase ihlobene nokugula komama noma izimo zokuvala igazi.
Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi
Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi siye sahlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwesibindi. Ngokuqondile, izinsana ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-4 ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zisengozini enkulu yokuphefumula kwengqondo kunezingane ezilinganisa ngaphezulu.
Ukuqeda ukuqala
Izinsana ezizalwa emavikini angu-28-ukuphela kwamasonto angu-12 okufinyeleleka esikhathini esizayo (amaviki angu-40) zisengozini enkulu yokukhubazeka kwengqondo kunezingane ezingakabiphi isikhathi.
Inkinga Yezabasebenzi Nokuletha
Izimo eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha kungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba kwengane futhi zingase zikhiqize eziningana zezimbangela ze-cerebral palsy, njengezenzakalo zesikhuhlane kanye ne-hypoxia.
Ukudla okunempilo
Okunye ukulahlekelwa kokudla okunomsoco kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral. Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwevithamini nokumbiwa kwamaminerali, njenge-folic acid ukuntuleka, kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwengane ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho. Ukulahlekelwa kwekhalori elidalwa okubangelwa ukugula komama, ukuntuleka kokudla noma enye imbangela yendlala, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Ukugula Okubelekile Okubelethweni
Iningi labesifazane abakhulelwe abathola ukugula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banempilo enempilo. Kodwa izifo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwengcindezi yegazi, ukushaya isifo, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso noma isifo senhliziyo kungabangela ukuphazanyiswa ekulethwe kwegazi, izakhi kanye ne-oxygen kumntwana osathuthuka.
Ezinye izifo zingabangela izinto ezifana ne-bilirubin, i-ammonia noma ezinye izinhlayiya ukufaka noma ukwakha emzimbeni womntwana okhulayo, okwenza umonakalo ebuchosheni bomntwana obukhulayo.
I-Genetics
Indima yezakhi zofuzo e-cerebral palsy ayicaci ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi i-heredity ingabangela kuphela amaphesenti amancane amacala. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukungavamile kwezinto zofuzo kungase kube umthombo wamacala amaningi we-cerebral palsy okwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
I-patriotic cerebral palsy ekholelwa ukuthi i-autosomal excessive, okusho ukuthi ukuze isimo sibonakale, ingane ezuze ifa le-cerebral palsy kufanele izuze i-genetic defective kubazali bobabili, abangenayo impawu yesimo ngokwabo.
Ezinye izifo ezingokwemvelo zinefa, kanti ezinye ziyi-novo-okusho ukuthi ziyizinto ezingalungile zofuzo ezivela kumntwana one-cerebral palsy noma omunye wabazali bomntwana ngaphandle kokuthi abekhona emndenini ngaphambili.
Amanye amaphethini ezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy, ikakhulukazi ngokuguquguquka kwe-novo genetic, kufaka phakathi ukuhluka kwenombolo yekhophi. Lezi yizigaba zezakhi zofuzo eziphindaphindiwe futhi ezingaphutha ngokuphindaphindiwe nge-chromosome, okwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Kuze kube manje, akukho gciwane elilodwa eliye labonakala njengegciwane elibhekene nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, futhi abacwaningi bathole ukuhlukana okuhlukahlukene kwezakhi zofuzo ezingabangela isimo ngasinye ngokuzimela.
Izindlela zokuphila zengozi
Kunezici ezimbalwa zokuphila eziyingozi ezihambisana nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kanti lezi ziyizinto eziyingozi ezihlobene nokukhulelwa komama noma isikhathi sokusebenza nokubeletha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zomama
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwesibindi. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine ne-methamphetamine zingathinta ukugeleza kwegazi nokusebenza kwenhliziyo kokubili umama nengane yakhe ekhulayo ngezindlela zokwandisa ingozi yezifo zengculaza enganeni engakazalwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwandisa amathuba okuthola usizo lwezempilo ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha.
Ama-Toxins angenisiwe
Eminye imishanguzo eqinile ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba ingangandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi yengane, kuhlanganise nokukhubazeka kwesibindi.
Izinhlayiya zemvelo
Izinto ezikuyo imvelo, njenge-cat litter, i-mercury, ukuhola, ezinye izidakamizwa namakhemikhali ezimboni, zingangenwa noma zihanjiswe owesifazane okhulelwe futhi zingase zifinyelele emzimbeni wakhe wezingane ezikhulayo, ezibangela izinkinga zokuzalwa ezinjenge-cerebral palsy.
> Imithombo:
> Maclennan AH, Thompson SC, Gecz J. Ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri: izimbangela, izindlela, kanye nendima yezakhi zofuzo. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 213 (6): 779-88.
> Zarrei M, Fehlings DL, Mawjee K, et al. I-De novo kanye nenombolo yekhophi yenombolo engavamile eyayizuzwa ngefayela enhlobonhlobo ye-hemiplegic ye-cerebral palsy. I-Genet Med. 2018; 20 (2): 172-180.