Ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa kwesigqila kanye nokuguqulwa kwamadolo kuphakathi kwezinqubo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlinzwa ezihlinzekwa odokotela bamazinyo. Enye yemigomo emikhulu yokuhlinza ngokuhlanganyela ekuhlinzekeni ukuhlinzeka iziguli ezitholakale kule nqubo ngezinhlungu, ukusebenza okujwayelekile okuvumela ukuba babuyele emisebenzini yabo efunayo. Kodwa-ke, omunye umgomo omkhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphephile kunakho konke okunciphisa izingozi ezingase kwenzeke futhi ufuna ukugwema noma yimuphi umonakalo ongaba khona.
Izici eziningi zokuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelwe okuhlanganyelwe ziye zathuthuka phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule ukunciphisa amathuba engozi ezihambisana nokuhlinzwa. Enye yezindlela eziwusizo kakhulu zokunciphisa izingozi ezihlotshaniswa nokuhlinzwa ukuthi zikwazi ukucabanga ukuthi yiziphi iziguli nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingase zihlotshaniswe nemiphumela engcono kakhulu yokulimala.
Ukuvimbela Inhlekelele Ekushintsheni Okuhlangene
Iningi labantu elibheke ukushintshwa ngokuhlanganyela liyazi ezinye zezingozi ezivamile ezihlobene nalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha. Ezinye zezingozi ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukutheleleka, i- clot yegazi , ukuqina okuhlangene , ubuhlungu obuphikisayo , phakathi kwabanye.
Ngomzamo wokunciphisa amandla okulezi zinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa, ithimba lakho lokuhlinzeka lizothatha izinyathelo eziningana ukuzama nokuvimbela lezi zinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemizamo ekhulayo yokuzama ukubona ukuthi yiziphi iziguli ezingase zibe yingozi enkulu yokubhekana nezinkinga, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzama nokunciphisa amathuba okulimala ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kula maqembu aqondene nabantu.
Isinyathelo sokuqala esidingekayo ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingase ziholele ekuhluphekeni okulandelayo ngemuva kokujoyina ngokuhlanganyela. Ngomzamo wokuzama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi zezici ezibaluleke kakhulu, kuye kwacwaningwa uphenyo ukuthi iziphi iziguli ezingase zidingeke ukuba zifakwe esibhedlela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-90 zenqubo yokuhlinzwa yazo.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luphenye iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-1500 ezithatha isikhundla se-hip noma idolo, bese uzama ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingase ziholele ekwenzeni ukwandiswa kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa.
I-ASA Class
Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi enye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihambisana nokubuyiselwa esibhedlela kwakuyizinga eliphakeme le-ASA. Isaphulelo se-ASA sakhiwe yi-American Society of Anesthesiologists ukuhlukanisa ukuqina kweziguli ezitholwa ukwelashwa. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona izigaba ezinhlanu, kanti okwesithupha kwanezelwa kamuva. Ngokuvamile, ukushintshwa okuhlangene kungacatshangwa kuphela kwizigaba 1 kuya ku-4.
I- ASA izibalo zokulinganisa iziguli njengalokhu okulandelayo:
- Umuntu onempilo
- Isifo esibucayi sesistimu
- Isifo esibucayi se-systemic
- Isifo esibucayi se-systemic esisongela ukuphila njalo
Abantu abane-ASA score 3 noma ngaphezulu banengozi enkulu yokuphinde bangeniswe esibhedlela. Lezi ziguli kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi izinyathelo kufanele zicatshangelwe ukubhekana nezifo zesistimu ezenza lokhu kube yingozi yokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Indawo yokukhishwa
Ngokushesha nje emashumini ambalwa ambalwa adlule, cishe zonke iziguli ezithathwa ngokuhlanganyela zihanjiswe endaweni yokuvuselela noma ekhaya labahlengikazi ngokulandela iziguli zabo ezibhedlela.
Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zokugula eziphuthumayo kuye kwehla ngokuphawulekayo. Ingxenye yesizathu sokunciphisa lokhu yiqiniso ukuthi abantu abaya kuzo izikhungo zokuvuselela iziguli noma izindlu zokuhlengikala banethuba eliphakeme lokudinga ukufakwa esibhedlela. Iziguli eziningi zithunyelwa ekhaya ngezinsizakalo zezempilo zasekhaya noma ukwelapha okwelashwa okwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye odokotela abahlinzayo baqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezivumela ukuhlinzekwa okunye okufakelwa ukuguqulwa .
Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamalungiselelo okukhishwa kwabantu abanokubambisana okuhlangene kuphawuleka kakhulu. Ngokushesha nje ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, iziguli eziyizigidi ezingu-15 kuphela ezihamba ekhaya zivela esibhedlela.
Namuhla, iziguli ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ezibhedlela eziningi, futhi kwezinye izibhedlela iziphesenti eziphakeme kakhulu, zihamba ngqo ekhaya esibhedlela esibhedlela.
Kunezizathu eziningana ezingase zichaze ukuthi kungani iziguli ezidinga ukulungiswa kwezifo eziphuthumayo zingase zibe nomngcipheko ophakeme wokungena esibhedlela. Lezi zivame ukuba ngabantu ababuthakathaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zinezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo banenkinga mayelana nokutheleleka kwezempilo okungenzeka kulezi zindawo zokuvuselela nokuhlengikaza. Lezi zizathu zingase zibe nomthelela ekwenzeni ithuba eliphakeme lokudinga ukubuyiselwa ngemuva kokushintshwa ngokuhlanganyela.
I-Mass Mass Index
I-index mass body, noma i-BMI, yabantu abasebenza ngokuhlanganyela ngokuqhubekayo ukuqhubeka nokuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kuyinto ewusizo ekubambeni amathuba okubhekana nezinkinga, okufaka ukufakwa esibhedlela. Abantu abane-BMI abangaphezu kwengu-40 babonise izingozi eziphezulu zokuxilongwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelwe okuhlanganyelwe kubandakanya ukufundwa okungakahlelwa esibhedlela.
Esinye sezici ezinzima kunazo zonke ze-BMI, yikhono lokushintsha i-BMI ngaphambi, noma ngemuva, ukuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelwe esikhundleni. Abantu abane-arthritis enamandla, futhi banamafutha kakhulu, babe nesimo esinzima kakhulu ukuzama ukunciphisa isisindo esinikezwa ubuhlungu babo obuhlangene. Ngombono omuhle, kunezindlela zokuzivocavoca nokunciphisa umzimba okungasiza abanye balaba bantu. Uma ushukumiseleka ukunciphisa ingozi yokuzibandakanya ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngokuhlanganyela, uxoxe nodokotela wakhe ezinye zezindlela ongazisebenzisa ukunciphisa inkomba yakho yomzimba womzimba.
Izwi elivela
Ukuhlinzwa okuhlanganyelwe ngokuhlanganyela kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo. Noma kunjalo, kunezinkinga ezingenzeka, ezinye zazo zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela abahlinzayo baqhubeka benesithakazelo ekubikezeleni ukuthi iziphi iziguli ezinezithuba eziphakeme zokuthuthukisa izinkinga ezihlobene nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, bese uthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa le ngozi engaba khona. Kubalulekile kubantu abacabangela ukushintshwa okuhlangene ukuze baqonde ukuthi bangabe benengozi enkulu yokuzibandakanya, futhi bafunde izinyathelo abangase bazithathe ukuze banciphise amathuba abo okuba nalezi zinkinga zenzeka.
> Imithombo:
> Varacallo MA, Herzog L, Toossi N, Johanson NA. "Amathrendi Wezinyanga Eziyishumi Nezicabha Ezizimele Zokuzimela Ngokungavunyelwe Ngokulandela Ukukhethwa Kwama-Total Arthroplasty Ekhethiwe Esibhedlela Esikhulu Esikhungweni Sezidolobha" J Arthroplasty. 2017 Jun; 32 (6): 1739-1746. Epub 2016 Dec 27.