Kungani umuntu engabheka ukufa okusheshayo?
Kungani abantu befuna ukuzibulala odokotela? Njengoba le ndlela itholakale emazweni akhethiwe futhi emazweni amashumi eminyaka, isimo esivamile cishe sasihlukile kulokho ocabanga noma ukwesaba.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iziguli ezisengozini azibonakali ziphoqelelwe ukuthatha le nketho. Esikhundleni salokho, isiguli esivamile sinesifo somdlavuza, sisekhulile, sinobuhlophe, sifundwe kahle futhi asinabuhlungu obukhulu.
Ulahlekelwe ukuzimela kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila , ukwesaba kunyuke ubuhlungu, futhi bakhetha ukukhetha isikhathi sokuphuma kwakhe.
Ukulahlekelwa Kokulawula Nekhwalithi Yokuphila
Ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwenzelwe ekuthuthukiseni ukunakekelwa kokuphela kokuphila ngokusebenzisa ukunakekelwa kwezintambo kanye nezinhlelo zokubhedlela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akwanele. Iziguli eziningi ezikhulile nezigulayo eMelika zifa ngobuhlungu, futhi amakhaya amaningi asebehlengikazi aphansi.
Ukugula okungapheli nokuphila okukhawulekayo kungenza umuntu azizwe sengathi ulahlekelwe yizo zonke izimpilo zabo. Umzimba awukwenzi lokho okufanele futhi akukho ndlela yokuwuyeka. Ukuzibulala ngodokotela (PAS) kungase kube nomuzwa wokuthi kuyindlela yokubuyisela ezinye zokulawula. Uma bengakwazi ukulawula ukugula, bangakwazi ukulawula okungenani ukuthi bafa kanjani.
Ikhwalithi yokuphila yindlela yokushayela iziguli ezifuna i-PAS. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela, noma ukungakwazi ukuzinakekela nokwenza izinqumo zakho, kubikwa ngamaphesenti angama-90 e-PAS e-Oregon.
Ukulandela okulandelayo ukulahlekelwa yisithunzi nokulahlekelwa kokukwazi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ejabulisayo. Akusho ukuthi ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba kunciphise kakhulu izinga lempilo.
Kulabo abahluphekayo ezinsukwini zabo zokugcina zokuphila, ukufa kungaba yisenzakalo esimnandi. Bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi uzokhulula unomphela ukuhlupheka kwabo futhi banciphise umthwalo wabathandekayo babo.
Ukuzibulala odokotela kungase kubonakale kuyindlela engcono kakhulu kubo kanye nemindeni yabo.
Izibalo Zokuzibulala Ezixhaswe Ngodokotela
Ezimayini zaseMelika lapho kunezomthetho, iphesenti yokufa odokotela abayi-0.1% kuya kwabangu-0.2% wabantu bonke abafa, kuyilapho eNetherlands kungamaphesenti angu-1.8 kuya ku-2.9% kubo bonke abafa.
US
Ukuzibulala odokotela kunomthetho emazweni amahlanu kusukela ngo-2017: Oregon, Washington, Montana, Colorado, Vermont naseCalifornia. Sekusemthethweni e-Oregon kusukela ngo-1997 kanti i-Oregon Health Authority ikhiqiza umbiko wonyaka we-PAS.
Izizathu ezinikezwa iziguli lapho kucela i-PAS e-Oregon kuye kwaba njalo emibikweni yeminyaka engu-20:
- Amaphesenti angu-90 abike amandla okunciphisa ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini eyenza ukuphila kujabulise
- Amaphesenti angu-90 abika ukulahleka kokuzimela
- Amaphesenti angu-65 abika ukulahlekelwa isithunzi
Izibalo eziningi ze-Oregon zihlanganisa:
- Ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeziguli ze-Oregon ezithola imithi ye-PAS ifa ngokufaka imithi. Leli nani lihlale lingaguquguquki ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili. Inombolo unyaka ngamunye ukuthola imithi kadokotela, nakuba ikhula, ikhula kusuka ngaphansi kwezingu-100 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-2010 ibe ngaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2015 no-2016.
- Kuphela iziguli ezingu-1,127 zafa ngenxa yokuzibulala odokotela odokotela e-Oregon kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2016 kanti imibhalo engu-1 749 yabhalwa.
- Amaphesenti angama-90 e-Oregon PAS abagulayo afela ekhaya kanti amaphesenti angu-88 abo ababhalisile ohlelweni lokubhedlela.
- Ama-akhawunti abulala abantu abangu-37.2 e-Oregon, aphindwe kabili kusukela ngo-2010.
- Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-1 odokotela e-Oregon naseWashington bhala imithi ye-PAS njalo ngonyaka.
I-Canada: Ukuzibulala odokotela kuye kwavunyelwa ngokomthetho eQuebec ngo-2016 nakuzwelonke ngoJuni 2016.
Abase Netherlands:
- Ukuzibulala kwezokwelapha kunomthetho ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile.
- Ilungelo lokukhetha ukuzibulala odokotela lisekelwa kakhulu.
- Amaphesenti angu-60 odokotela baseDutch anike izicelo ze-PAS.
Belgium : Euthanasia ngokomthetho ngo-2002.
I-Luxembourg : U-Euthanasia osemthethweni futhi usize ukuzibulala ngo-2009.
UK: Ukuzibulala ngodokotela kungekho emthethweni. Ukunyakaza kwamanje kufanele kugxile ekunakekelweni kwe-palliative , hhayi euthanasia.
Kwenye indawo emhlabeni: Ukuzibulala odokotela kunomthetho ngaphansi kwemithetho ecacisiwe e-Colombia naseJapane.
> Imithombo:
> Umthetho Wokufa Nokuhlonipha. Oregon Health Authority. http://www.oregon.gov/OHA/PH/ProviderPartnerResources /EvaluationResearch/DewithwithDignityAct/pages/index.aspx.
> Emanuel EJ, u-Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, i-Urwin JW, i-Cohen J. Isimo Sengqondo Nezenzo Zokuzibulala Ne-Physician-Assisted Suicide e-United States, eCanada naseYurophu. Jama . 2016; 316 (1): 79. i-doi: 10.1001 / jama.2016.8499.
> Ganzini L, Goy ER, uDobscha SK. Izizathu ze-Oregoni Zesizathu sokucela usizo lweDokotela ekuDeni. I-Archives of Medicine yangaphakathi . 2009; 169 (5): 489. i-doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.579.
> Steck N, Egger M, Maessen M, Reisch T, Zwahlen M. Euthanasia kanye nokuzibulala Esizweni emazweni aseMelika aseYurophu naseMelika. Ukwelashwa Kwezempilo . 2013; 51 (10): 938-944. doi: 10.1097 / mlr.0b013e3182a0f427.