Imininingwane Ngomzimba Omkhulu Kunomzimba
Isikhumba yisitho esikhulu kunazo zonke, futhi esinye seziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuhlala njalo kushintsha, futhi liqukethe amangqamuzana nezakhiwo eziningi ezikhethekile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesikhumba ukukhonza njengendlela yokuvikela evikela imvelo ngezinye izikhathi. Kubuye kusize ukulawula ukushisa komzimba, kuqoqa ulwazi oluthile oluthile oluvela emvelweni ozungezile, futhi ludlala indima ekhuthele esimisweni sokuvikela omzimba ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni.
Ukufunda ukuthi umsebenzi wesikhumba uqala kanjani ngokuqonda isakhiwo sezingxenye ezintathu zesikhumba: i-epidermis, i-dermis, kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi.
I-Epidermis
I- epidermis ingqimba engaphandle kwezingxenye ezintathu zesikhumba. Ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke lapho kutholakala khona emzimbeni. Isibonelo, kungcono kakhulu kunamajwabu amehlo (isigamu semithamitha). Kunzima kakhulu ezintendeni zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni (1.5 millimeters).
Kunezingxenye ezinhlanu ze-epidermis:
- I-Stratum basale: Lo ungqimba ongaphansi, owaziwa nangokuthi ungqimba lwesasal cell, unamaseli ase-basal anomise okomile ahlukanisa futhi aqhube amaseli asebekhulile aye phezulu kwesikhumba. Njengoba amangqamuzana ekhuphuka esikhumbeni , ahlambalaza futhi ekugcineni afe futhi achithe.
- I-Stratum spinosum: Lo ungqimba, owaziwa nangokuthi ungqimba lweseli eligcizelelekile, ungqimba olukhulu kakhulu lwe-epidermis. Iqukethe ama-keratinocytes amasha, aqinisa amaprotheni. Iqukethe namaseli e-Langerhans asiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
- I-Stratum granulosum: Lolu luhlu luqukethe ama-keratinocytes amaningi ahambela phezulu.
- I-Stratum lucidum: Lokhu ungqimba ikhona kuphela ezintendeni zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni.
- I-Stratum corneum: Lona ungqimba olungaphandle noma oluphezulu lwe-epidermis. Yenziwa ngama-dead, ama-keratinocyte aphezu kwamasonto amabili.
I-epidermis iqukethe amaseli amathathu akhethekile:
- Ama-melanocytes akhiqiza i-pigment (i-melanin)
- Amangqamuzana e-Langerhans asebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokuzivikela esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela esikhumbeni
- Amaseli e-Merkel anomsebenzi ongaqondakali ngokugcwele
I-Dermis
I- dermis iyisendlalelo esiphakathi sezingxenye ezintathu zesikhumba. Itholakala phakathi kwe-epidermis kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi. Iqukethe izicubu ezixhumeneyo, ama-capillary egazi, amafutha wegazi nama-sweat, ukuphela kwezinzwa, nezinwele zezinwele. I-dermis ihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezimbili-i-papillary dermis, okuyinto engqimba, engenhla engenhla, kanye ne-reticular dermis, okuyinto engqimba, engezansi. Ubukhulu be-dermis buhluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo emzimbeni. Ngamajwabu amehlo, kungama-0.6 millimeters obukhulu. Ngemuva, izintende zezandla, kanye nezinyawo zamamitha ayizigidi ezintathu.
I-dermis ihlala ezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu zama-tissue ezikhona kulo lonke:
- I-Collagen
- Izicubu ezithambileyo
- Imicu ebonakalayo
I-dermis iqukethe amaseli kanye nezakhiwo eziningana ezikhethekile, kuhlanganise:
- Izinwele zezinwele
- Izigulane ezisabekayo
- Ama-Apocrine nama-endocrine
- Imikhumbi yegazi kanye nokuphela kwezinzwa
- Ama-corpuscles we-Meissner nama-coralus lamellar adlulisa izinzwa zokuthinta nokucindezela.
Izicubu ezingaphansi
Izicubu ezingaphansi kwesigqila ziyizingxenye ezijulile nezingaphakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu zesikhumba. Ngokuyinhloko zakhiwa ngamanoni, izicubu ezixhumayo kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu nezinzwa.
Ubuningi balolu hlu buhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi utholakalaphi emzimbeni-ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu kakhulu emagodini, izinyawo ezinyaweni, nezintende zezandla.
Izicubu ezingezansi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomthetho wokushisa komzimba. Iphinde isebenze njengenhlanzi, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka uwa noma uthinta into emzimbeni wakho, ivikela izinsipho zakho futhi yenza ubuhlungu bulimale kancane.
> Umthombo:
> Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. I-Robbins ne-Cotran Pathologic Basic of Disease . I-Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.