Iziguli Kufanele Zisebenzise Ukucabanga Okubalulekile Lapho Ufunda Nge-IBD Research
Ukucwaninga ngezimbangela zesifo sofuba (IBD) esibaluleke kakhulu, kuyadingeka, futhi kuyadingeka. Ngokucwaninga ngekhwalithi, ososayensi bazokwazi ukuthola izinkomba ezengeziwe mayelana nezimbangela ze-IBD nokuthi bangayiphatha kanjani ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke iphepha lokucwaninga mayelana ne-IBD ukuphumelela. Ngempela, akuyona yonke iphepha lokucwaninga elibonakala lithembisayo ekuqaleni noma liphefumula eliholela ekutholeni okubalulekile mayelana ne-IBD kamuva.
Kukhona umgwaqo omude ngaphambi kokuthola okuthakazelisayo okwenziwa ngabacwaningi kungaba yinto engasetshenziswa odokotela ukusiza iziguli noma izinkampani zokwelapha ukwenza imithi. Abanye ososayensi nabacwaningi kumele bafunde imiphumela yokuqala bese bakwazi ukwenza olunye ucwaningo bese bathola imiphumela efanayo.
Lapho abacwaningi bekholelwa ukuthi bangathola okuthile okubalulekile, badiza futhi benze isifundo esincane. Uma leso sifundo sibonisa okuthile okubalulekile, izifundo ezinkulu ziyenziwa. Ngandlela-thile, kungatholakala ukuthi izifundo ezinkulu azikona umphumela ofanayo nalokho okwenziwe ukutadisha okuncane. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlaziywa okunye kudingeke kwenziwe ukuze kubone ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi kwalezi zifundo ezimbili nokuthi kungani kungafani. Uma ucwaningo lungapheli njengento ebalulekile njengoba kucatshangwa kuqala, ngokuqinisekile kuyadumaza kubacwaningi, odokotela kanye nabantu abane-IBD.
Isibonelo SoPhando Lokuqala
Ososayensi bebazi isikhathi esithile ukuthi ama-guts abantu abane-Crohn's disease kanye ne-ulcerative colitis aqukethe amanani amaningi amabhaktheriya namaprotheni kunabantu abangenayo i-IBD.
Ukwazi ukuthi ukwakheka kokuqukethwe kwamathambo kuhlukile nakanjani kukhulisa ulwazi phambili futhi kusiza abacwaningi ukuba banciphise lokho okuzofundwa ngokulandelayo.
Kodwa kunzima ukubona ukuthi yini okungcono ukuthi amabhaktheriya amaningi noma amaprotheni amaningi atholakala ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto. Ingabe IBD ibangela ukuthi lezi zinguquko zenzeke?
Noma ingabe lolu shintsho luvela ngesinye isizathu? Lezi zinguquko zihlobene kanjani nezimbangela ze-IBD? Kukhona imibono mayelana nokuthi konke lokhu kungasho ukuthini, kodwa asazi izimpendulo zale mibuzo ngokuqinisekile.
Isibonelo esisodwa esiphelele socwaningo lokuqala yisifundo sango-2016 eshicilelwe emaphephandabeni mBio esafunda izilwane emanzini abantu abanesifo sikaCrohn futhi saqhathanisa nezilwane kubantu abangenawo isifo sikaCrohn. Imindeni ehilelekile kulolu cwaningo, labo ababenamalungu ne-IBD nalabo ababengenalo umlando we-IBD, babenyakatho neFrance naseBelgium. Lokho ososayensi abathola ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhaktheriya, u- Escherichia coli noSerratia marcescens , kanye nohlobo olulodwa lwefungus, i- Candida tropicalis , litholakala ngemali ephakeme kubantu abane-Crohn's disease.
Lapho ama-bacterium kanye ne-fungus befundiswa ebhodini, kwafunyanwa ukuthi bahlanganyela futhi badala iqembu lamaseli abambe ndawonye, okuthiwa yi-biofilm. Abacwaningi bathatha le biofilm futhi benza izifundo eziningi ebhodini, futhi babonisa ukuthi kubangele ukuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana emathumbu emathunjini. Ucwaningo lubalulekile ngoba lubonisa ukuthi kunemibono ebhaktheriya kanye namafungamu atholakele kubantu abanesifo sikaCrohn uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangenawo isifo sikaCrohn.
Kubuye kubonise ukuthi ezikoleni zokufunda, lezi zinhlobo zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zithinte amaseli emathunjini. Kodwa-ke, le mphumela yokuqala ayanele ukusitshela ukuthi i-fungus nama-bacterium ayathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikaCrohn kubantu.
Ngakho Manje Siyazi ukuthi Yini Ebangelwa Izifo Ze-Crohn?
Cha, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi yini ebangela isifo sikaCrohn . Imiphumela emisha ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwefungus nama-bacteria ngokuqinisekile kuvula isiqondiso esisha sokucwaninga. Nokho, kwakuyinkimbinkimbi encane kakhulu.
Kulolu cwaningo kwakuyimindeni eyisishiyagalolunye eyayinamalungu anesifo sikaCrohn nemindeni emine engenawo amalungu ayenesifo sikaCrohn.
Yonke imindeni yayivela endaweni ethile (enyakatho yeFrance neBelgium). Kwakukhona abantu abangu-20 abane-Crohn's, amalungu omndeni angu-28 angenayo isifo sikaCrohn, nabantu abangu-21 abavela emindenini engenawo umlando wesifo sikaCrohn. Lonke inani labantu abangu-69, okwanele isampula ukwenza isitatimende esicacisayo esihlanganisa bonke abantu abane-Crohn's disease emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi kungaba khona ukuhlukahluka kwezingu-100 ze-IBD. Ochwepheshe be-IBD bavame ukubhekisela ku-IBD njengesifo se-spectrum. Uma kunjalo, futhi ngokuya ngokubheka ngaleyo ndlela, i-IBD ingaba nezifo eziningi ezithandanayo. Okwamanje ososayensi kanye nodokotela bafaka i-IBD zibe amabhakede amabili, isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sokulonda kwesilonda (ngebhakede lesithathu lesifo socansi esingapheli cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 weziguli). Lezi zibhebhe zingase zande esikhathini esizayo njengoba sifunda kabanzi nge-IBD. Uma ubheka i-IBD kulo mbono, ngokuqinisekile kuyoba ngaphezu kweyodwa "imbangela" kanye " nokwelashwa " okulodwa. Uma i-IBD, njengoba ochwepheshe bacabanga, ngaphezu kwezifo ezimbili kuphela ezihlukile, kunengqondo ukuthi kuzoba nezakhi zofuzo eziningi kanye nezimbangela ezingaphezu kwemvelo ezihilelekile ekubangeni.
Iziguli ze-IBD kanye nabanye abafisa ukuhambisana nocwaningo lwezokwelapha cishe bayezwa inkulumo ethi "ukulungiswa akuyona imbangela." Lokho kusho ukuthi lapho izinto ezimbili zenzeka ndawonye, akuzona njalo ukuthi omunye wabo ubangela omunye. Abacwaningi bangabonisa ukuthi i-fungus nama-bacterium emgodini wabantu abane-IBD bahlukile kunelabo abangenawo i-IBD, kodwa lokhu kuhlanganiswa akusho ukuthi amabhaktheriya noma i-fungus ibangela IBD. Kubalulekile ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona imbangela eqondile kanye nobuhlobo bokusebenza phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili ngaphambi kokuba iziphi iziphetho zingenziwa.
Kungani Izikhungo Zomphakathi Zitshela ukuthi Siyazi Isizathu Sezifo ZaseCrohn?
Kunezici eziningana ezibangela ephepheni elilodwa locwaningo oluthola ukunakwa okuningi. Iqiniso elibi lezwe le-intanethi ukuthi liqhutshwa yi-traffic. Ngendlela efanayo amaphephandaba nabomagazini bathembela kwisisekelo sokubhaliselwa, amawebhusayithi athembele emanzini abantu ababuka amakhasi nokuthi bangaki amakhasi abhekayo. Isihloko esishaqisayo noma esikhohlisayo singasho ukuthi isihloko siyabelana emithonjeni yezokuxhumana futhi sinezinkathi eziningi kakhulu kunomunye osebenzisa isihloko esilandelayo noma esiphezulu.
Isici esengeziwe ekubelaneni kwezindaba mayelana nezifundo zocwaningo yisistimu ngemuva kokushicilela amaphepha wesayensi. Umbhali oshicilela iphepha kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi iphepha lakhe liyabonakala futhi liyavuma. Uma leli phepha liphuma emahholo e-academia nakuma-press layout lapho lifundwa futhi lixoxwa khona, kungcono. Lokhu kungasiza abacwaningi noma izikhungo ukuthola imali eyengeziwe yokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Ucwaningo oluthe xaxa luyinto enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa umphumela wokugcina wukuthi kunengcindezi enkulu kubososayensi ukuba banakekele kangako ngangokunokwenzeka badonsela ekufundeni kwabo. Umnyango wobudlelwane bomphakathi esikhungweni lapho kwenziwe khona isifundo kuzosiza ukuthi ufunde izwi mayelana nesifundo esisha. Abalobi base bexhumana nezindawo eziningi zemithombo yezindaba. Konke okudingekayo kungokwesilinganiso esisodwa sokuchazwa ngokucacile noma sithathwe ngaphandle komongo, okuyinto ephindaphindiwe emaphethelweni amaningi abezindaba, futhi kukhona isiphepho esiphelele sokungalungi okungenakuxazululwa.
Inothi Kusuka
Ucwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezine-IBD kanye nodokotela bazo. Kungenxa yokucwaninga ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kuthuthukiswa futhi okunye kuqondwa ngezici ezingase zenze i-IBD. Kodwa-ke, iziguli kumele zisebenzise ukucabangela okucabangelayo lapho zifunda mayelana nokucwaninga kwe-IBD nokuthi kungasho ukuthini.
Kube khona ukuqhuma, futhi kuyoba nokuningi, kodwa ngeshwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ube munye, imbangela eqondile noma ukwelashwa kwesifo njengenkimbinkimbi njenge-IBD. Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi luzoqhubeka luhambisa isisekelo sokwaziswa phambili, futhi ukuqhuma okukhulu kwenziwe kakade. Akungabazeki ukuthi kuzoba nephepha elilodwa lesayensi elizovula izimfihlo ze-IBD, yingakho kufanele siqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukucwaninga okwengeziwe emiphakathini yethu nakuhulumeni, kuze kube yilapho sesiqonda kabanzi nge-IBD.
> Imithombo:
> Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Facebook. 28 Septemba 2016. https://www.facebook.com/ccfafb/posts/1114776048608272
> Hoarau G, Mukherjee PK, Gower-Rousseau C, et al. "Ukusebenzisana kwe-bacteria kanye ne-mycobiome kugcizelela ukuthi i-microbial dysbiosis isifo se-Crohn's." [ishicilelwe ku-intanethi ngo-September 20, 2016]. mBio .
> Rehman J. "Ukuchithwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha E-intanethi." Scientific American. 2 Agasti 2012
> Izinkuni, M. "Kungani singelapheki isifo sofuba?" Science Life. 6 Mashi 2015.