Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyakwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka
I-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) iyimbangela evamile yesifo sesikhumba sesilonda emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye omzimba onokukhubazeka nokuzivikela. Ukutheleleka kungabangela i-HSV uhlobo 1 (HSV-1) noma uhlobo lwe-HSV 2 (HSV-2), futhi lubonise njengemilomo yomlomo ( izilonda ezibandayo noma amabhethri e-fever ) noma i- herpes yesisu (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i- herpes ).
I-HSV isetshenziselwa kalula ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nesifo esivulekile noma umfutho womzimba womuntu onegciwane, nakuba ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngisho noma kungekho izimpawu ezibonakalayo.
Izithiyo zokuvikelwa ngendlela yamakhondomu noma amadamu wamazinyo zinganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa; Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kungahle kwenzeke ezingxenyeni zomzimba okungakaze kutholakale kalula ikhondomu.
Namuhla, i-herpes yobulili ingenye yezifo ezivame ukuguga ngokocansi, okulinganiselwa ku-775,000 ukutheleleka okusha eMelika minyaka yonke. Kulaba, u-80% abazi ngokugcwele ukuthi bane-HIV.
I-HSV Ukutheleleka Nezibonakaliso
I-HSV-1 ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi seyingane futhi ijwayele ukuhlotshaniswa ne-herpes yomlomo, kuyilapho i-HSV-2 isetshenziselwa ngokocansi futhi isithinta ngokuyinhloko isifunda se-anogenital phakathi kwe-anus kanye nezitho zangasese. Kodwa-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva, kokubili ukutheleleka ngomlomo nge-HSV-2 kanye nokutheleleka kocansi nge-HSV-1 sekuye kwaba yinto evamile, kungenzeka ngenxa yokuziphatha ngomlomo ngomlomo. Eqinisweni, izifundo manje zibonisa ukuthi noma yikuphi okuvela ku-32% kuya ku-47% we- herpes ngokocansi kubangelwa i-HSV-1 .
Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-HSV abanalo izimpawu noma izimpawu ezincane ezingabonakali.
Uma kuvela izimpawu, ekuqaleni zikhona ngokufaka ukukhala kanye / noma ukubomvu, kulandelwa izilonda ezinjenge-blister ezihlanganisa ngokushesha izilonda ezivulekile, ezililayo. Izilonda kaningi zibuhlungu kakhulu futhi zingahambisani nomkhuhlane kanye ne-lymph glands.
I-oral herpes ngokuvamile iveza emlonyeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi izicubu ze-mucosal zezinsini.
I-herpes ye-genital ivame ukuphawulwa kakhulu nge-penis, ngaphakathi, emthangeni, emathangeni, nase-anus yamadoda, kuyilapho izilonda zivame ukuvela kwi-clitoris, i-pubis, i-vulva, izikhwebu kanye ne-anus yabesifazane.
Kokubili umlomo kanye nomjikelezo we-herpes wesisu sangaphakathi phakathi kwezikhathi zesifo esisebenzayo, esingasuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amathathu, kulandelwa isikhathi sokuxolelwa. Ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala, ama-virus azinamathele emangqamuzaneni omzimba, lapho ahlala khona isikhathi eside. I-HSV ingakwazi ukuvuselela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (futhi njengomphumela wanoma yiliphi inombolo yezinto ezingabangela ukuthi kwenzeke ), nakuba ukuvama nokuqina kweziqhumane kuvame ukwehlisa isikhathi.
Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo wesiguli, nakuba i-herpes yesisu ngokuvamile ilukhuni ukuxilonga njengezimpawu zingase zidideke ezinye izimo (njenge-urethritis noma ukutheleleka kwefungal). Izivivinyo ze-laboratory ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngokucacile, kufaka phakathi izivivinyo zokulwa nezifo ze-HSV ezizukulwaneni ezintsha ezingakwazi ukukhomba i-HSV-1 noma i-HSV-2 ngokucacile ngaphezu kuka-98%.
Isixhumanisi Phakathi kwe-HSV ne-HIV
Kubantu abakhubazekile, njengalabo abanesandulela ngculazi, imvamisa kanye nezimpawu ze-HSV ziyaqhamuka ngezinye izikhathi ziba nzima kakhulu, zisakaze emlonyeni noma ezithombeni ezifakwe emzimbeni zibe izicubu ezijulile emaphashini noma ebuchosheni.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-HSV ibikwa ngokuthi "isimo esichazayo se-AIDS" kubantu abane-HIV uma behlala isikhathi eside kunenyanga noma beveza amaphaphu, i-bronchi noma i-hoophagus.
Kukhona nobufakazi obandayo bokuthi ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kuhlobene kakhulu ne-HSV-2. Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HSV-2 esebenzayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyingozi noma kungabonakali, kungakhuphula ukukhululwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emathisini e-mucosal kwinqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuchithwa kwegciwane." Ngenxa yokuchithwa okunjalo, abantu abanesifo esingenakutholakala segciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangase babe nemisebenzi ebonakalayo yegciwane lengculazi emicimbini yomzimba.
Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwe- antiretroviral therapy (i-MAP) eyaziwa ukunciphisa isifo se-HSV ephawulekayo, akusho ukuthi kuncishiswe ukwehliswa kwe-HIV.
Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza abane-HSV-2 ekhuthele ukutheleleka bangaphezu kwamatshumi amane kuya amane amathuba okudlulisela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumlingani wezocansi.
Ngokufanayo, abantu abangenayo i-HIV abane-HSV-2 ekhuthele ukutheleleka kukhona engozini yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu akugcini nje ngoba izilonda ezivulekile zihlinzeka ukufinyelela okulula kwe-HIV, kodwa ngoba i-HIV ibophezela ngokuqinile kuma-macrophages atholakale ekuxilongweni kumasayithi okutheleleka okusebenzayo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-HIV ingakwazi ukuphumelela ngokufaka umgoqo we-mucosal wesifazane noma i-anus ngqo egazini.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela
Okwamanje akakho ukwelashwa kwe-HSV-1 noma i-HSV-2.
Imithi yama-antiviral ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-HSV, evame ukudinga amazinga aphezulu kubantu abane-HIV. Izidakamizwa zingahle ziphathwe nge-intermittently (uma kutholakala ukutheleleka kokuqala noma ngezikhathi zokuhlaselwa) noma ngokuqhubekayo, ukwelashwa okucindezelayo kulabo abanezikhukhula eziningi.
Lezi zinselo eziyisikhombisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha i-HSV yi- Zovirax (acyclovir) , i-Valtrex (i-valacyclovir), ne-Famvir (famciclovir). Lezi zilawulwa ngefomu lomlomo wepilisi, nakuba amacala aqinile angaphathwa nge-acyclovir engenalutho. Imithwalo yemiphumela eminingi yezidakamizwa ibhekwa njengomnene, enekhanda, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, kanye nama-body aches phakathi kwezinto ezivame ukuphawula.
Ukwelashwa kwe-HSV okunciphisa umzimba kunganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HSV ngamaphesenti angama-50, ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kondomu okuqhubekayo. Nakuba ukwelashwa okucindezelayo akubonwanga ukunciphisa ingozi ye-HIV, ukuhlolwa okunye kwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke komlomo we-acyclovir kuhlotshaniswa nomthwalo ophansi wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nokubonakala okuphansi kwezilonda zobulili.
Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthola noma yokudlulisela i-HIV uma une-HSV:
- Sebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi socansi, isilwane nesilwane
- Nciphisa inani lakho labalingani bobulili
- Ukugwema ubulili ngesikhathi kuvuka izifo ze-herpes
- Hlola njalo i-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
Imithombo:
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "I-Genital Herpes - I-CDC Fact Sheet Sheet." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ifinyelelwe ngo-Mashi 26, 2014.
U-Wald, A. "Izifo Zama-Gital HSV." Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Juni 2006; 82 (3): 189-190.
I-Peña, K .; U-Adelson, M .; UMoridekayi, E .; et al. "I-Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Uhlobo 1 kwabesifazane: Ukutholwa ku-Cervicovaginal Specimens kusukela ku-Gynecological Practices e-United States." I-Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Januwari 2010; 48 (1): 150-153.
Corey, L .; I-Wald, A .; I-Celum, iC .; et al. "Imiphumela yegciwane le-herpes simplex-2 ekuthengeni nasekudluliseni i-HIV: ukubuyekezwa kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezimbili." I-Journal ye-Immune Deficiency Deficiency Syndromes. April 2004; 35 (5): 435-45.
Grey, R .; Wawer, M .; I-Brookmeyer, R .; et al. "Kungenzeka ukuthi isandulela ngculazi-1 isenzo ngasinye somshado esivumelwaneni esisodwa, esithandana nabesilisa nabesifazane, abane-HIV-1-discordant eRakai, e-Uganda." I-Lancet. April 2001; 357 (9263): 1149-1153.
Corey, L .; I-Wald, A .; I-Patel, R .; al. "Valacyclovir kanye-nsuku zonke ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwama-herpes omzimba." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Januwari 2004; 350 (1): 11-20.
I-Celum, iC .; I-Wald, A .; Lingappa, J .; et al. "I-Acyclovir nokudluliselwa kwe-HIV-1 kubantu abathintekayo nge-HIV-1 ne-HSV-2." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Februwari 4, 2010; 362 (5): 427-39.