I-ALS Yinkinga Yokuqhubeka Neurological Progressive
I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ebizwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig, yisifo esihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba (motor neurons) alawula imisipha. I-ALS iba mbi nakakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (iyaqhubeka). Ama-motor neurons athatha imilayezo mayelana nokunyakaza kusuka ebuchosheni kuya emisipha, kodwa ku-ALS i-motor neurons iyancipha futhi ifa; Ngakho-ke, imilayezo ayisekho emisipha.
Uma imisipha ingasetshenziswanga isikhathi eside, iyanciphisa, ilahlekile (i-atrophy), iphinde iphinde ibe ngaphansi kwesikhumba (fasciculate).
Ekugcineni, yonke imisipha umuntu angayilawula (imisipha yokuzithandela) ithintekile. Abantu abane-ALS balahlekelwa ikhono lokuhambisa izingalo, imilenze, umlomo nomzimba. Kungase kufike ekugcineni ukuthi imisipha esetshenziselwa ukuphefumula iyathinteka, futhi lowo muntu angase adinge ukuphefumula (umoya) ukuze uphefumule.
Kwaphela isikhathi eside bakholwa ukuthi i-ALS yithinta imisipha kuphela. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi abanye abantu abane-ALS bathola izinguquko ekucabangeni (ukuqonda), njengezinkinga zememori nokwenza izinqumo. Lesi sifo singabangela nezinguquko kubuntu nasekuziphatheni, njengokucindezeleka. I-ALS ayithinti ingqondo noma ukuhlakanipha, noma ikhono lokubona noma ukulizwa.
Yini eyenza i-ALS?
Isizathu esiqondile se-ALS asiyazi. Ngo-1991, abacwaningi babone ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ALS ne-chromosome 21.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, isakhi esilawula i-enzyme SOD1 sabonakala njengehlotshaniswa nama-20% amacala azuzwe emindenini. I-SOD1 iphula ama-radicals mahhala, izinhlayiya eziyingozi ezihlasela amangqamuzana ngaphakathi futhi zibangele ukufa kwazo. Njengoba akuzona zonke izimo ezizuzwe njengefa ezixhunywe kule geythini, kanti abanye abantu yibo kuphela emindenini yabo ene-ALS, ezinye izimbangela zofuzo zingase zibe khona.
Ubani othola i-ALS?
Abantu bavame ukutholwa ukuthi bane-ALS phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 no-70, kodwa abantu abasha bangakwazi ukuyihlakulela. I-ALS ithinta abantu emhlabeni jikelele nakuzo zonke izizinda ezihlukahlukene. Amadoda athathwe kaningi kunabesifazane. Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 kuya ku-95% we-ALS avela ngokungahleliwe, okusho ukuthi akekho onomkhaya womuntu onenkinga. Ezingamaphesenti angu-5 ukuya ku-10%, ilunga lomndeni linesifo.
Izimpawu ze-ALS
Ngokujwayelekile i-ALS ihamba kancane, iqala njengobuthakathaka emisipha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Umlenze owodwa kuphela noma ingalo eyodwa ingathinteka. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:
- ukudubula, ukuchoboza, noma ukuqina kwemisipha
- ukukhubeka, ukugoba, noma ukuhamba ukuhamba
- kunzima ukuphakamisa izinto
- kunzima ukusebenzisa izandla
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, umuntu onama-ALS ngeke akwazi ukuma noma ukuhamba; uzoba nenkinga yokuhambahamba, ukukhuluma nokugwinya.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kusekelwe ezimpawu futhi kubonisa ukuthi udokotela uyakubona, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola eqeda zonke ezinye izinto, ezifana ne- multiple sclerosis , i-post-polio syndrome, i-post-polio syndrome, noma izifo ezithile ezithathelwanayo. Ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi ukuxilongwa kwenzelwa udokotela onguchwepheshe wesimiso sezinzwa (isazi sezinzwa zegazi).
ALS Ukwelashwa
Okwamanje, alukho ukwelashwa kwe-ALS. Ukwelashwa kuklanyelwe ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kubantu abanenkinga. Imithi ingasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathala, ukunciphisa imisipha yomzimba , nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Kukhona nemithi ethile ye-ALS, ebizwa nge-Rilutek (riluzole). Ayilungisi umonakalo osevele usuwenziwe emzimbeni, kodwa kubonakala sengathi usebenza ngokuthobeka ekukhuliseni ukusinda kwabantu abane-ALS.
Ngokusebenzisa ukwelapha ngokomzimba, imishini ekhethekile, kanye nokwelashwa kwenkulumo , abantu abane-ALS bangakwazi ukuhlala beselula futhi bakwazi ukuxhumana isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Abantu abaningi abane-ALS bafa ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuphefumula, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-3 kuya kwe-5 yokuxilongwa, kodwa abantu abangaba ngu-10% abathintekayo abane-ALS basinda iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo
Abacwaningi bahlola izimbangela eziningi ezikhona ze-ALS, njenge- response autoimmune (lapho umzimba uhlasela khona amangqamuzana awo) kanye nezimbangela zemvelo, njengokuchayeka izinto ezinobuthi noma ezithathelwanayo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi abantu abanama-ALS banamazinga aphezulu e-glutamate yamakhemikhali emizimbeni yabo, ngakho-ke ucwaningo lubheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-glutamate ne-ALS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bafuna ukungajwayelekile kwezinto ezingokwemvelo ukuthi bonke abantu abane-ALS bahlanganyele, ukuze kuvivinywe ukuhlolwa nokuhlolisisa lesi sifo.
Umthombo:
"I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Fact Sheet." Izinkinga ze-AZ. Ngo-Apr 2003. Isikhungo sikazwelonke sezinkinga ze-neurological and stroke. 13 Meyi 2009