Yombili imigomo inezinsizakalo ze-premium, kodwa ihluke kakhulu
Emuva ngoJanuwari 2017, uSomlomo weNdlu uPaul Ryan wanikeza ingxoxo lapho eveza khona ukuthi isiphakamiso sokunakekelwa kwezempilo sikaRepublican sasizoba "nesikweletu somholo esikhokhelwa" -sisimiso athi "sibe ngcono kunezimali [ze-ACA]. "
Ochwepheshe bezinqubomgomo zezempilo baphuthuma ukuveza ukuthi i-ACA isivele isebenzisa izikweletu zentela ezikhokhelwa imali evuselelekayo, okuyiyona ndlela efanayo yindlela yokuxhaso yamaRiphabhliki yaseMelika ehlanganiswe noMthetho wezoMpilo waseMelika (AHCA).
I-AHCA idlulisele iNdlu ngoMeyi 4, nakuba kulindeleke ukuthi iSenate izokwenyuka ngenye indlela ye-bill, okuzodingeka ibuyisane nenguqulo yeNdlu .
Ukukhishwa kwentela kungenye yezakhi ze-AHCA ukuthi iSenate ingashintsha. Kodwa ake sibheke inguqulo ye-AHCA leyo iNdlu eyadlula, futhi sibone ukuthi izikweletu zentela zizoqhathaniswa kanjani nezikweletu zentela abantu asebevele bangaphansi kwe-ACA.
Iyini "Imali Ekhokhelwa Imali Ekhokhelwa Imali Ekhokhelwa Imali Ekhokhelwa Imali"?
Ikhredithi yentela ebuyele ukukhokhelwa yikho ongayithola ngokugcwele ngisho noma ingaphezu kwemali oyikhokhisayo intela (uma uqhathanisa, izikweletu zentela ezingabuyiselwa imali zingasetshenziselwa ukukhokha intela yakho yentela, kodwa ngeke uthole noma iyiphi imali eyengeziwe wekhredithi yentela ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwalokho ongayithola kukho intela engenayo). Ikhredithi yentela ebuyiswayo ingakwazi ukukhokha lokho okukhokhwa intela, futhi uma imali iselele, i-IRS izokuthumela isikweletu somthelo esisele.
Noma uma usuvele ukhokhelwe ukubuyiselwa imali, i-IRS izofaka isikweletu somholo kumbuyiselo wakho.
Ngakho-ke, ake sithi isamba semali yentela yaseJane singu-$ 1,500. Masibuye sithi uthenge ukukhokhelwa kwakhe nge-exchange, kodwa ukhokhela inani eliphelele lomshuwalense wakhe unyaka wonke, ekhetha ukucela imali ye-premium (intela yesikweletu) ekubuyiselweni kwentela .
Uma kuvela ukuthi isikweletu sakhe sokukhokhiswa intela sika-$ 2,000, i-IRS izosebenzisa u-$ 1,500 wekhredithi yentela ngokukhokha intela yakhe yentela, futhi imthumelele enye imali engu-$ 500 njengesheke sokubuyiselwa imali.
Yile ndlela ukusebenza ngayo izikweletu ze-ACA zentela, futhi futhi nokuthi izikweletu ze-AHCA zingasebenza kanjani.
Isikweletu sentela esithuthukisiwe ungasithola kusengaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba ufake i-tax returns yakho. Uma ubhaliswe ohlelweni lomshuwalense wezempilo ngokusebenzisa ukushintshaniswa futhi isikweletu senyanga yentela sikhokhwa ngenxa yakho inyanga ngayinye, uyazuza ukuthi izikweletu ze-premium ze-ACA zithuthuka (cishe amaphesenti angu-83 abantu ababhalisile izinhlelo zokushintshanisa ngo-2017 zithola izikweletu zentela ezingaphambilini, noma i-APTC).
Lena yindlela kuphela kuphela ukuthi izikweletu zentela zingasebenzisa ngokuyisisekelo ukwenza ukuthengwa okungabizi kakhulu, ngoba abantu bekungaba nzima ukukhokhisa inani eligcwele lokubanjelwa kwabo kulo lonke unyaka futhi balinde ukucela izikweletu zabo zentela entwasahlobo elandelayo, ekubuyiselweni kwentela yabo.
Qaphela ukuthi izikweletu zentela zihlukile emithwalweni yentela. Ukudonswa kukuvumela ukuba ususe inani lemali engenayo engenayo, ngaleyo ndlela unciphisa inani lemali lentela onayo. Kodwa isikweletu sentela sikhishwa ngqo kusuka intela yenani olikhokhayo.
Imishanguzo yomshuwalense wezempilo inganqunywa kwezinye izimo , kodwa ngokombono wokwenza umshuwalense wezempilo ungabizi kakhulu, isikweletu somthelo se-$ 2,000 siyigugu kakhulu kunokwehliswa kwentela ka-$ 2,000.
I-AHCA Imali Yentela yayiyohluka kanjani kusuka ku-ACA Credits Tax?
Ake sibheke kuqala ukuthi izikweletu ze-premium ze-ACA zisebenza kanjani:
Izikweletu zentela ze-ACA zitholakala kubantu abanemali engenayo yasemakhaya phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-100 namaphesenti angama-400 ezingeni lobuphofu (umngcele ophansi ungamaphesenti angu-139 obumpofu emazweni angu-31 nase-DC- lapho i-Medicaid isandisiwe khona ).
Isimiso semali yokukhokhwa intela ye-premium ye-ACA ukulinganisa amaphrimiyamu kubantu abahola imali efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangakanani ubudala noma ukuthi izindleko zomshuwalense wezempilo endaweni yabo zingakanani.
Futhi ngaphansi kwe-ACA, umlando wezokwelapha awucatshangwa uma unquma amaphrimiyamu abhalisile, ngakho-ke akusisona isici esihlukanisayo (sasivame ukuba, emazweni amaningi , ngaphambi kuka-2014).
Ngakho ngaphansi kwe-ACA, izikweletu zentela ze-premium ngokuvamile zikhudlwana kubantu asebekhulile (ama-premium abo asekuqaleni angaphezulu), kanye nabantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho umshwalense ubiza khona.
Isibonelo, ama-premiums amanani aphelele (okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwentela kusetshenziswe) e-Alaska izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesithathu eziphakeme e-Utah. Ngakho-ke inkokhelo yentela yase-premium e-Alaska i-$ 848 / ngenyanga, kanti inkokhelo yentela yase-premium e-Utah ingu- $ 200 / ngenyanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yonke insizakalo yezimali ze-ACA ukulinganisa amaprimiyamu emva kokusizwa kulo lonke izwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abathola imali efanayo bayakhokha inani elifanayo kuma-premium (i-Alaska inezinga lobuphofu eliphakeme, elinika abahlali khona usizo oluthile olwengeziwe ngamaphrimiyamu abo).
Kodwa izikweletu zentela ze-ACA zinqunywe ngokuphelele ezingamaphesenti angama-400 ezingeni lobuphofu. Umkhumbi wezinsizakalo eziholelekile uye wabangela amaphrimiumshuwalense angenakulungiswa emindenini ephakathi kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Amazwe angakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu eyedwa (eMelika, ekuqaleni kwalowo nyaka; iColorado ibhekana nesilinganiso esifanayo kodwa asizange sidlule), kodwa i-ACA ngokwayo ayikubheki ukuthengwa kwemakethe ngayinye ekuthengeni kwemindeni enenzuzo engenayo ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-400 ezinga lobuphofu (ngombono, ukuthi i-cutoff ingu-$ 97,200 emndenini wabantwana ngo-2017).
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi izikweletu ze-AHCA zingasebenza kanjani:
Uma ngabe i-House House ye-AHCA izokwenziwa, isakhiwo se-ACA sasiyohlala sihlala ngo-2018 no-2019, ngezinye izinguquko. Kodwa izikweletu zentela ze-premium zizotholakala ukuze zisebenzise ngezinhlelo zokushintshanisa , ngaphandle kwamacebo amakhulu , ama- grandfathered , nezinhlelo zesikhashana (ngezinhlelo zokushintshaniswa, izinkokhelo zentela ziyobuyiselwa imali, kodwa ngeke zithuthukiswe; abantu kuzodingeka bakhokhe inani eligcwele up front for ukufakwa kwabo-njengoba nje benza manje for off-exchange izinhlelo - futhi bangase bathi isikweletu intela ukubuyisa intela yabo).
Ngemuva kuka-2019, i-AHCA ishintshela ukulinganisa ama-premiums net kubantu abanenzuzo elinganayo, futhi kunalokho igxila ekuhlinzekeni izikweletu ezilinganayo zabathengi abaneminyaka efanayo. Lona ushintsho oluyisisekelo esiqondisweni. Esikhundleni sesistimu lapho abantu bakhokhela inani elibhekwa njengingakhokhwa ngokusekelwe kwimali engenayo, abantu bayothola inkokhelo efanayo yentela kunoma ubani omunye ebhokisini lesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi imali engenayo, kuze kube yikhokhwa engenayo yekhredithi yentela ye-AHCA. Ngamanye amazwi, "ukungabi nabulungisa" kwezibonelelo kuzobe kunqunywe inani lomxhaso ngokwayo, kunokuba kunesidingo sezimali somuntu ngamunye kanye nezindleko zokwaziswa endaweni ngayinye.
I-cap engenayo ye-AHCA yokukhishwa intela iphezulu kakhulu kunekhanda le-ACA. Izikweletu ze-AHCA zizotholakala ngokugcwele kubantu abangashadile abanezinkokhelo ezifinyelela ku-$ 75,000, futhi imibhangqwana eshadile enezinkokhelo ezifinyelela ku-$ 150,000 (izikweletu zizoqala ukuphuma ngaphezu kwalawo mazinga). Ngomuntu oyedwa, i-$ 75,000 ingamaphesenti angama-621 wezinga lobumpofu ngo-2017, ngakho-ke izikweletu zentela ngaphansi kwe-AHCA ziyokwelula kakhulu emkhatsini wezinga eliphezulu naphakathi kwezinga eliphezulu-ikakhulukazi ngokucabangela ukuthi izikweletu ngeke ziphumelele ngokuphelele uneminyaka engu-60 ubudala kuze kube yilapho imali engenayo ingena ku-$ 115,000 kumuntu oyedwa (umkhawulo ongaphezulu we-phase-out uzoba ngu-$ 95,000 oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala).
Kodwa izikweletu zentela ze-AHCA ngokwayo zizobe zincane kunezinkokhelo zentela ze-ACA. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Kaiser Family Foundation kuthole ukuthi ukukhipha intela okujwayelekile kuzoba ngamaphesenti angama-36 ngaphansi kwe-AHCA.
Izikweletu zentela eziphambene zizobukeka ngo-2020, futhi zizobe zikhokhiswe ngemali engenayo yemali esikhathini esizayo:
- U-$ 2,000 umuntu ngamunye kuya eminyakeni engu-29
- U-$ 2,500 ngeminyaka yobudala engu-30-39
- $ 3,000 ngonyaka ngamunye ngamunye 40-49
- U-$ 3,500 ngeminyaka yobudala engu-50-59
- I-$ 4,000 iminyaka yobudala engu-60+
- Imindeni izokwazi ukubiza izikweletu eziqoqiwe kumalungu omndeni amadala amahlanu ubudala, enekhanda lika-$ 14,000 ngonyaka.
Lezi zikhwama zentela zizoqhubeka zingatholakali ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa ngo-2020 nangaphezulu, ngenxa yezinhlelo ezingakhulumi kahle, zizuzwe kakhulu, noma isikhathi esifushane (ngaphandle uma kukhona esinye isandiso, izinhlelo eziyinhloko zizophela ngasekupheleni kuka-2018).
Ubani Owunikezayo, Futhi Obani Abalahlekayo?
Ngokusobala, i-AHCA inenzuzo kubantu abanenzuzo engaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-400 ebunini bobuphofu, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-AHCA yentela yengeniso yekhredithi yentela. Labo bantu abatholi yimuphi umxhaso ngaphansi kwe-ACA, futhi bazoqala ukuthola eyodwa ngo-2020 uma ngabe i-House House ye-AHCA izokwenziwa.
Kodwa kukhona ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokukwazi ukutholakala ngaphansi kwe-AHCA kubantu abahola imali encane, abantu asebekhulile (ama-premiums azoba ngaphezulu aphezulu ngaphansi kwe-AHCA's age-banded premium ratio), nabantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho umshuwalense wezempilo khona kakhulu kubiza.
Kulezi zindawo, ukukhipha intela kwe-ACA kudonsa ama-bumps. Zibanzi kubantu abangeke bakhokhele amaphrimiyamu aphezulu, afaka abantu ezindaweni ezibiza kakhulu nabantu abadala. Futhi zikhudlwana nabantu abanemali ephansi, okwenza ukuthengwa okungabizi kakhulu njengephesenti yemali yabo engenayo.
Lezo zivikelo ziyoqhuma ngaphansi kwe-AHCA. Umbiko we-CBO ku-AHCA (oshicilelwe ngoMeyi 24, cishe amasonto amathathu emva kweNdlu uvotela umtsetfosivivinywa) ubonisa ukuthi uma uneminyaka engu-64 ubudala ehola u-$ 26,500 / ngonyaka, amaphrimiyamu eningi ngonyaka ayanda kusuka ku-$ 1,700 ngaphansi kwe-ACA, ibe yi-$ 16,100 ngaphansi kwe-AHCA. Lokho okushiwo ukuthi awukhethi ukuyeka ukuvikelwa kwabathengi be-ACA; kulokho okushoyo, i-premium yenetha izoba yincane kancane- $ 13,600-kodwa izinzuzo nazo zizonciphisa futhi ukufinyelela kumshuwalense kuzobe kunqunyelwe abantu abanemibandela ekhona ngaphambili kanye negebe elikhona.
Ngokuvamile, abawinile ngaphansi kwe-AHCA babeyoba abantu abasha abanemali ephakeme kakhulu kune-average, ikakhulu uma behlala ezindaweni lapho umshuwalense wezempilo usuvele ubiza khona.
Abalahlekile babe ngabantu abadala, abantu abahola imali encane, nabantu ezindaweni lapho umshuwalense wezempilo ubiza kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Isikhungo soMnyango Wezokwelapha kanye neMedicaid, Ukuguqulwa Okungeziweko kuMthetho Wokunakekelwa Onganakekelwayo-Izinqubomgomo Ezivumelanayo , ngoFebruwari 2017.
> I-CMS.gov, i-2017 Indawo yezimakethe Isikhathi sokubhalisa okuvuliwe
> UJost T. Ukuhlola iNdlu yeRiphabhulikhi ye-ACA Ukuphinda Ubeke Umthetho. Ngo-Mashi 7, 2017.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Izinkokhelo kanye nezinkambiso zentela Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunakekelwa Kwezezimali ongenakuthengiswa ngokumelene noMthetho Wezempilo waseMelika: I-Interactive Map. Ngo-Ephreli 27, 2017.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Summary of the American Health Care Act, May 2017.