I-Blood thinners yimihlobo yemithi esetshenziswa ukuvimbela isifo. Kunabantu abaningi abahlukene begazi futhi banemiphumela efanayo kodwa igazi ngalinye lomuntu ngamunye libuye libe nesisodwa sezinzuzo zezempilo nemiphumela emibi.
Yiziphi i-Blood Thinners?
I-Blood thinners imithi evikelwe ukuvimbela ama-blood clots ekwakheni nasekuvimbeleni ama-blood clots ekukhuleni. Benza lokhu ngokuphazamisa izindlela zemvelo zomzimba we-coagulation. Ukugcoba kuyindlela yokwenza umsebenzi wegazi okwakhiwa.
Kungani i-Blood Thinners isebenzisa emva kokushaya isisu?
Imivimbo eminingi iqala lapho ama-blood cell, i-cholesterol namanye amafutha kanye nama-debris ahlangana ndawonye ukuze enze i-clot, ephazamisa ukugeleza okuvamile kwegazi ngaphakathi kwesitsha segazi. Amanye amafomu e-blood in the brain, ikakhulukazi uma othile enesifo sofuba . Amanye amafomu ama-blood clots enhliziyweni futhi ahambela ebuchosheni, ukulala kwelinye lemithambo yegazi lobuchopho ukuze kubangele isifo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-clot elinjalo kuthatha isikhathi-futhi igazi elimnyama lizothathwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuvimbela enye i-blood clot ukuba ingenzi kumuntu owaziwa ukuthi unomkhuba wokwakheka ngokweqile kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela imivimbo ephindaphindiwe ngoba, ngenkathi umsindisi olwa nesifo sohlangothi angakwazi ukuphulukana nesifo esisodwa , kubaluleke nakakhulu ukukhokha intela ekubuyiseleni umonakalo wobuchopho obangelwa yi-stroke engaphezu kwesisodwa. Abagcizi begazi babonakala bevinjelwa ukuvimbela izigameko eziphindaphindiwe- ikakhulukazi abasindile besifo esinjengesifo senhliziyo ezifana ne-atrial fibrillation.
Kungani i-Blood Thinners isetshenziselwa abantu abanengozi yokushaya isisu?
Ingozi yokushaywa yisisu yinkemba enezinhlangothi ezimbili. Nakuba kunenhlanhla ukufunda ngeengozi yokushaya isifo ngaphambi kokushaywa yisifo, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kuyadingeka ukunciphisa, futhi ngethemba lokuqeda, amathuba okuba unesifo somzimba. Uma usengozini eyaziwayo yokushaywa yisisu, ungase udingeke uthathe igazi elincane ukuze uvimbele ukushaywa komzimba kungenzeki.
Ngabe yiziphi izitha zegazi kanye nemiphumela yabo emibi?
I-Acetylsalycilic Acid (i-Aspirin, i-Ecotrin) - i-blood-thinner ye-over-the-counter kuphela efika ngamandla ajwayelekile kanye namandla wezingane asp aspin . U-aspirin ubelokhu uhamba isikhathi esithile. Ivimbela i-platelet aggregation-okusho ukuthi ivimbela ikhono lamaseli amancane ahlangana ndawonye ukuze aphulukise isilonda kusukela ekuhlanganiseni ndawonye. I-aspirin ivame ukunconywa ukuvimbela ukushaywa yisisu ngenxa yokuthi isayensi ifakazelwe ukuthi iyasebenza. Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuphuma, ikakhulukazi esiswini nasekoloni. Lapho isitoli (i-poop) sibonakala sibomvu elikhanyayo noma limile futhi lilinde, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuphapha esiswini noma kolononi.
I-Warfarin (i-Coumadin) - i-blood thinner ephazamisa isenzo se- vitamin K , i-vithamini edingekile ukuze i-blood clotting efanele. I-Coumadin ivimbela ukushaya kabuhlungu njalo futhi kuvame ukuphakanyiswa iziguli ezinenkinga yenhliziyo ezingase ziholele ekushayweni-njengokufana nesimo se-valve senhliziyo. I-Coumadin isenzo kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthiwa i-International Normalized Ratio (INR), ngoba ukudlula ngokweqile kweCoumadin kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu noma kuphi emzimbeni . Iziguli ezithatha i-Coumadin kumele ziqaphele, njengoba ukuwa kungabangela ukwelapha okungathí sina, okusongela impilo.
I-Clopidogrel (i-Plavix) -yigazi elincane elishintsha umsebenzi weplatelet. Kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuvimbela isifo, kodwa imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi, ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, nesifo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenic purpura ye-thrombotic, ebonakala ngezingxube ezincane zegazi.
U-Aggrenox (inhlanganisela ye-aspirin ne-dipyridamole) - i- dipyridamole i-blood thinner evimbela umsebenzi weplatelet ngokuvimbela ama-enzyme ahlobene namaplatelets. Ihlanganiswe ne-aspirin kwelinye iphilisi ukuze kunciphise ingozi yokushaywa yisifo. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka ukuphuma kwegazi, ukulimaza, nokukhanda ikhanda.
I-Dabigatran (Pradaxa) - igazi elisha elisanda kuvunyelwa elivimbela i-thrombin, ehilelekile ekunqandeni igazi. Le mithi iye yafakazelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo kubantu abanesifo se-atrial fibrillation, kodwa kungabangela ukuphuma noma ukuphazamisa ukuphulukiswa okufanele kwamailonda.
I-Apixaban (Eliquis) - i-blood thinner ephazamisa ukusebenza kweprotheyini okuthiwa i-thrombin. Kuvunyelwe ukuvimbela ukushaya isifo kubantu abane-fibrillation ye-atrial. Njengezinye igazi elincane, landisa ingozi yokuphuma kwamanzi.
I-Rivaroxaban (i-Xarelto) -gazini elincane elivimbela ukubunjwa kwe-cloth ngokuphazamisa izinyathelo ezimbili ezihlukene ekukhunjweni kwe-clotting. I-Xarelto idinga kuphela ukuthathwa kanye nsuku zonke futhi ivunyelwe ukuvimbela isifo kubantu abane-fibrillation ye-atrial. Njengawo amanye ama-blood thinners, angabangela ukulimaza nokuphuma kwegazi.
Igazi elincane liyimithi elula kakhulu; kodwa zenza ezinye zezinqumo ezinzima kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwesifo sohlangothi. Ngenkathi ziye zafakazelwa ukunciphisa isifo, ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi ingabangela izinkinga ezicasulayo ezifana nokuphulukiswa kancane kancane ezindaweni ezinqunywe noma ezincane zokulimaza kuze kube nesifo esibi esisongela ukuphila .
Isinqumo sokuthi kufanele uthathe igazi elincane noma cha kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ojwayelekile ozohlola kahle ingozi yakho yokushaya isifo ngokubambisana nengozi yakho yokuphuma kwegazi.
Imithombo
Ingozi yokugaya nokuphuma kwegazi ekufubeni kwe-atrial, i- Senoo K, i-Lane D, i-Lip GY, i-Korean Circulation Journal, ngo-Septhemba 2014
Impikiswano mayelana ne-anticoagulants entsha yomlomo yokuvimbela ukushaywa izifo ngeziguli ezine-fibrillation e-atrial, i-Mohanty BD, i-Looser PM, i-Gokanapudy LR, i-Handa R, i-Mohanty S, i-Choi SS, i-Goldman ME, i- Fuster V, i-Halperin JL , i- Vascular Medicine, kuMeyi 2014
Ukubuyekezwa kwama-anticoagulants omlomo ezigulini ezine-fibrillation ye-atrial, i-Greenspon AJ, iMithi yokuPhuthuka koMsebenzi, ngoNovemba 2012
Ama-anticoagulants omlomo omusha: ukubuyekezwa okugxile kwabadokotela bokushaya, uMcGrath ER 1 , u-Eikelboom JW, uKapral MK, u-O'Donnell MJ, International Journal of Stroke, uJanuwari 2014