Uma une-hepatitis, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ubani ongaphatha isifo sofuba . Yebo, isazi se-hepatitis singasiza. Kodwa uyazi yini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezehlukene zomtholampilo ongakwazi ukuphatha i-hepatitis yakho? Ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ubani owenza lokho, nansi incazelo emfushane yabasebenzi abahlukene abangahle basebenze esimweni sakho sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Izinhlobo zoMtholampilo
Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uvakashela esibhedlela, emtholampilo noma ehhovisi, thatha isikhashana ukubuka isiqondisi sokungenisa izivakashi. Esikhathini esidlule, othile angase abone kuphela eyodwa noma ezimbili izinhlobo zomtholampilo ezibalwe. Namuhla, nanoma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo eziningi, ngasinye sinamazinga ahlukene okuqeqeshwa enikeza ingxenye ebalulekile yezidingo zakho zezempilo.
- Odokotela abathola udokotela wezokwelapha (MD) noma udokotela we-osteopathic medical (DO) degree angavunyelwa ukuqhuba imithi nokuhlinzwa ngebhodi lezokwelapha. Laba odokotela baqeda iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa esikoleni sezokwelapha bese beqedela uhlelo lokuqeqesha okungenani iminyaka emithathu (ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuhlala) ekulungiseleleni okukhethekile. Uhlelo olulodwa lwezinto ezikhethekile ludinga isikhathi eside sokutadisha. Isibonelo, iningi lamakhono okunakekelwa okuyinhloko, njengemithi yomndeni noma imithi yangaphakathi, iminyaka emithathu noma emine ubude. Izinto ezikhethekile zokuhlinzeka zidinga okungenani iminyaka emihlanu yokuqeqesha. Odokotela banokuqeqeshwa ukuphatha ngokuphelele i-hepatitis yakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-acute noma engapheliyo, ingaba igciwane noma ayiyona ingculazi.
- Abahlengikazi yingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yezokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi bavame ukuchazwa njengamehlo nezikhali zabadokotela. Basebenzisa izinhlelo zokwelapha bese bexwayisa udokotela ngezinkinga. Ngalokhu kuthiwa, lo msebenzi ubukhulu kakhulu futhi abantu abanezigulisi zokuhlengikala batholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene, hhayi nje emitholampilo. Abahlengikazi baqedela amazinga amaningana okuqeqesha, kodwa izinga lizuza iminyaka eyisine ye-bachelor yesayensi ekwelapheni (BSN) elandelwa ukuhlolwa okujulile nokulayisense njenge-RN. Abahlengikazi kuleli zinga lokuqeqesha ngeke bahlolwe izifo noma banikeze imithi kodwa bayoba nesipiliyoni esibalulekile sokunakekelwa kwesineke.
- Abahlengikazi Abahlengikazi bangumhlengikazi abathola ukuqeqeshwa komtholampilo osengaphambili (NP) futhi banemvume yokuthola ezinye izifo nokubeka imithi ethile. Laba otholampilo baqeqeshelwe ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko, futhi ngokuya komkhuba wabo, bangaba nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphawulekayo ukuhlonza nokuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sofuba.
- Abasizi Abahlengikazi (futhi ababizwa nge-PAs) baqeqeshwe ukuba basebenze ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwedokotela onelayisensi. Ngalolu lungiselelo, ama-PA akwazi ukusingatha amacala angaphansi-okucindezelayo okukhululeka odokotela ukubhekana namacala azinzima kakhulu. Ngandlela-thile, i-PAs idokotela elula, enikeza udokotela ikhono lokubona iziguli eziningi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.
- Imithi yokwelapha , ngezindlela zayo eziningi, iba yinto evelele kakhulu kodwa engakamukeli wonke umuntu. Eziningi zokwelashwa ezibhekwa njengezinye izindlela ngokuvamile azikho ubufakazi obukholisayo bokuthi bawusizo. Izibonelo zabahlengikazi abahlala kule ndawo ziyi-chiropractic (DC) kanye nodokotela be- naturopathic (ND), kanye nodokotela abaqeqeshwe ngemithi yendabuko yase-Asia (OMD). Ngesikhathi laba ochwepheshe bezempilo beqeqeshwa kahle futhi behlinzeka ngemithi ewusizo, kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi uma omunye ukwelashwa kusebenza futhi kusekelwa ngokwesayensi, ekugcineni kuzofakwa emithi yokwelapha.
Abahlengikazi Abanakekeli Abanhloko
Iningi labantu cishe lizofunda ngesifo sofuba sokuthola isifo sofuba esibhedlela. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kuvame ukuchazwa njengendlela yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuyizinhloko eziqhubekayo zonke izinto ezidingekayo kuzo zonke izimpilweni zabo njengokuhlolwa kwonyaka, imfundo yezempilo nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezifo ezingapheliyo, kepha ngokuvamile kuyisigaba sokuqala sempilo ukunakekela ukuthola izinkinga zempilo, njenge-hepatitis. Ngomqondo owodwa, ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko nje lapho uthola khona ukunakekelwa kwakho okuyinhloko kodokotela kodwa futhi kuyisigaba sokuqala sokungena ohlelweni lokunakekela impilo yaseMelika.
Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa ngokuyinhloko bangodokotela abavame ukukhethekile ngemithi yomndeni noma imithi yangaphakathi.
Laba bahlinzeki bazoba nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuphatha amacala amaningi we-virus nesifo esithathelwanayo nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Abanye odokotela, njengabahlengikazi kanye nabasizi bezokwelapha, banikezela izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa okuyinhloko futhi bangaba nesipiliyoni esibalulekile sokulawula isifo sofuba ngokuya ngamazinga abo okuqeqesha.
Ochwepheshe Abaphatha I-Hepatitis
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sofuba esibhedlela esidinga ukubonana nodokotela. Kodwa-ke, nakuba iziguli eziningi zingaphathwa ngudokotela wabo wokunakekela oyinhloko noma umhlengikazi, ngezinye izikhathi udokotela kufanele ahileleke ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu noma ezingavamile ze-hepatitis. Kunamakhono amathathu odokotela ngokuqeqesha ekulawuleni isibindi. Bonke abathathu baqala ukuqeqeshwa njengabaqeqeshi bezingane noma izingane. Kusukela kulolu qeqesho olubanzi, baqhubeka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezithile zemithi.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo: Udokotela wesifo esithathelwanayo uphatha ukugula okubangelwa amagciwane, njengama-virus nama-bacteria. I-hepatitis ye-virus evamile eyenziwa yi-virus ye-hepatotropic (isibonelo isibindi se-hepatitis A, B ne-C) iphathwa ngokucophelela ngalaba odokotela. I-hepatitis engabangelwa amagciwane, njenge-hepatitis ephuza utshwala, iphathwa kangcono ngabanye ochwepheshe.
- I-Gastroenterologist : I- Gastroenterology yi-subspecialty yemithi yangaphakathi. Labachwepheshe bagxila kuzo zonke izitho zokugaya nezinqubo zomzimba. Njengoba isibindi singumsebenzi obalulekile we-metabolism nokugaya, izazi ze-gastroenterologists zikwazi kakhulu ukwelapha isifo sofuba.
- I-hepatologist: I-gastroenterologist eqeqeshwa kabanzi esibhedlela sesibindi isifo se- hepatologist . Laba odokotela bafundela ngeminyaka eminingi yokuqeqesha futhi bezazi kuzo zonke izifo ezithinta isibindi, ikakhulukazi isibindi.
Yimuphi Uchwepheshe Owukhethayo?
Ukwelapha isifo sofuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisuka ku-viral, isifo esingenasifo esiyimvelo noma omunye umthombo, ngokuvamile kudinga indlela ekhethekile yokuzikhethela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlobo eziningana zodokotela zihlangana ndawonye ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ekunakekeleni kwakho, uzophathwa ngezindlela eziningana ezihlukene zochwepheshe. Isibonelo, isazi esisodwa singenza isibindi se-foopsy kodwa omunye uzophatha ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngezidakamizwa ezinemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Nakuba lezi zingakwazi ukuphathwa ezingeni lokuqala lokunakekelwa, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kusetshenziswe kangcono ezingeni le-subspecialty, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral hepatitis.
Abafundi bangaphakathi noma abahlengikazi
Ngayinye yalabo abachazwe ngenhla ingagxila kubantu abadala noma izingane. Isibonelo, udokotela angaba ngumuntu omdala we-gastroenterologist noma i-gastroenterologist yezingane. Umehluko ekugxilweni kuvela ekukhethweni kokuhlala ngemuva kwesikole sezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, udokotela ungena ohlelweni lokuhlala ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sezokwelapha. Uma udokotela enesithakazelo ekwelapheni izingane kanye nentsha kuphela, uzoqeda uhlelo lokuhlala kwabantwana, oluyiminyaka emithathu yomkhuba wezokwelapha oqondisiwe. Ngemuva kwalolu hlelo, udokotela angakwazi ukubekezela ngokukhethekile uhlobo oluthile lwemithi, njenge-gastroenterology.
Uma udokotela enesithakazelo kuphela ekuphatheni abantu abadala, udokotela uzoqedela uhlelo lokuhlala emithini yangaphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, angakwazi futhi ukuhlolisisa uhlobo oluthile lwemithi.
Nakuba kulula ukucabanga ukuthi izingane zingabantu "abancane" uma kuziwa ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha, lokhu akunjalo ngempela. Njengoba izingane zinenkinga ethile yezokwelapha futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile, kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle izingane noma intsha ukubona isazi sezingane . Ngeshwa, leli zinga lokunakekela lingase lingatholakali kuzo zonke izindawo, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amancane noma ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy of Family Physicians. "Ukunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo."
> Bureau of Labor Statistics. Abahlengikazi Abhalisiwe. December, 2007.
> I-Curriculum Core Gastroenterology, amakhasi 29-31. May, 2007.