Sibutsetelo
I-hepatitis yisifo esihlanganisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuvukala kwesibindi, umphumela wenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenzeka lapho isibindi sibhekene nokulimala. Lokhu kungadideka uma unesifo sofuba esingesilo esithathelwanayo. Igama elithi hepatitis lingahle liphulwe phansi emagameni athi "hepa" okubhekisela esibindi, futhi "itis" okubhekisela ekuvuvukala.
Izinhlobo
I-Hepatitis engapheli
Amagama anzima futhi angapheli awabhekiseli kunoma iyiphi i-hepatitis ethile kodwa asekelwe kuphela esikhathini sampawu (noma ukutheleleka.) Odokotela ukuvuvukala okugcina isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nesifo sofuba nesifo sokuvuvukala esihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, isibindi esiphelele.
Isifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo nesisifo esithathelwanayo
Nakuba kunezimbangela eziningi zokuvuvuka kwesibindi, odokotela bahlukanisa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-hepatitis ye-viral and hepatitis engenasifo.
Kukhona nezimbangela eziningi ezihlukene zomzimba wesibindi esithathelwanayo nesifo sofuba esingasetshenziswanga. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo
I-Viral Hepatitis (Isifo Esithathelwanayo Esithathelwanayo)
Lapho abantu abaningi becabanga nge-hepatitis, ngokuvamile bacabanga nge-hepatitis ephilayo. Njengoba lezi zinambuzane zisakazwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, odokotela nabo babiza ukuthi i-hepatitis evumelana nesifo sofuba esithathelwanayo. Kukhona amagciwane amahlanu avame ukuthelela isibindi, amagama asebenzisa izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu kusukela ku-A ukuya ku-E.
Okwenza i-viral hepatitis idideke ukuthi enye yalezi virus idala isifo esihlukile futhi sinendlela ehlukile yokusabalalisa. Ezinye zalezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingabangela izifo ezinzima, ezingapheliyo, noma zombili izifo zesifo sofuba.
I-virus ye-Hepatotropic A kuya ku-E ihlanganisa:
- I-hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- I-Hepatitis C
Izifo ngaphandle kwesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral hepatitis zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, noma isibindi. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV)
- I-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - Eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-infonous mononucleosis noma "mono"
I-Hepatitis Engenayo Igciwane
Akuzona zonke izimbangela ze-hepatitis ezithathelwanayo. Amakhemikhali anjengotshwala noma imithi angalimaza isibindi futhi angabangela ukuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezinjengezifo zofuzo nezifo, ukulimala okuhlobene nomzimba nokukhuluphala, kungalimaza isibindi futhi kuholele ekuvukeni. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo ze-hepatitis azikwazi ukusakazeka ukusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye, odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi isifo sofuba esingenasifo esithathelwanayo. Eqinisweni, noma yikuphi ukuhlambalaza esibindi esibangela ukuvuvukala kuthathwa njengesifo sofuba. Ezinye izimbangela ezingezona amagciwane zesifo sofuba zihlanganisa:
- I-auto-immune hepatitis - Izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalelayo yizo lapho umzimba wenza khona ukulwa namagciwane nokuhlasela ngokwawo
- Ukushisa kwesibindi (ukuphuza utshwala kungabangela ama-syndromes amathathu ahlukene ahlanganisa nesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-alcoholic hepatitis, isibindi esinamafutha nesifo sesibindi)
- I-hepatitis eyenziwa yizidakamizwa (kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezingabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi esingashintsha kusukela emnene kuya ekusongeni ukuphila)
- Ukushiswa kwe-Chemical kanye ne-toxic (njengoba isibindi senza ngokulula nje uhlelo "lokuxoshwa", akumangalisi ukuthi amakhemikhali amaningi kanye nobuthi emvelweni kungaholela ekuvukeni)
- I-NASH noma i-steatohepatitis engeyona eyiphuzo ( isifo esingenaso utshwala esibangela isifo sesibindi yisimiso esenzeka kaningi kulabo abakhuluphele kakhulu noma abakhuluphele)
Ezinye Amafomu
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi akuvamile ukuthi abantu babe nohlobo olulodwa lwe-hepatitis, kanti empeleni, isibindi se-D sitholakala kuphela kubantu abaye bahlolelwa ngaphambilini ngegciwane lesifo sofuba.
Ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngenhla, njengotshwala, kunezimo ezimbalwa ezifuywayo ezingaholela esibhedlela sesibindi, futhi ukwandisa ukuqina kwesifo se-hepatitis noma esingenasifo uma kwenzeka. Enye yalezi zinhlobo ze- hemochromatosis , isimo esilondolozwa esibindi kwesibindi esiningi, kanti enye i- alpha-1-antitrypsin ukuntuleka , isimo sezofuzo esibangela kokubili ukwehluleka kwesibindi kanye ne-emphysema.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zingase zithuthuke ekubekeni ukulimala okunamandla noma okungapheli kwesibindi. Ngenxa yokuthi isibindi sithinta ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi imbangela nobude bokuvuvukala, kanti abanye abantu banezibonakaliso futhi abanye (akunjalo (isimo esaziwa ngokuthi singabonakali), udokotela kuphela ongakutshela ukuthi une-hepatitis.
Izimpawu zesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-viral hepatitis ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukukhathala, umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza, kodwa lezi zivame izifo eziningi.
Nakuba abantu abaningi behlobanisa isifo sofuba nesifo se- jaundice , i-yellowing yezikhumba nomhlophe wamehlo, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngemva kokutheleleka okwenziwe isikhathi esithile. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile kakhulu njengoba ukuqhuma kwesifo sofuba kungukukhathala, imisipha yomzimba kanye nokuhlanganyela, nokulahlekelwa ukudla.
Kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ze-hepatitis ezingavamile kodwa ezingabalulekile.
Ukuxilongwa
Izimbangela eziningi ze-hepatitis zenza izindlela eziningi zokuhlola lesi sifo . Isivivinyo esisodwa esiyisisekelo ukuzwa ngesibindi esikhulisiwe, esibizwa nge-hepatomegaly. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo; uma ethola isibindi esikhulu, azobheka izimbangela futhi angase ahlele ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Okunye ukuhlola kwegazi kubheka amazinga enzyme namanye amaprotheni angase aphazamiseke uma kunokulimala kwesibindi. Ukuphakama kwama- enzyme yesibindi (ALT ne-ALT) kungatholakaliswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula, futhi ezinye izivivinyo zingabheka izibonakaliso zesifo se-hepatitis esizimele kanye nokuningi okuningi.
Noma kunjalo, ezinye izivivinyo zegazi zizofuna ubufakazi bezinambuzane ezithile, amazinga ezinobuthi ezifana no-alcohol noma iTylenol noma ngisho nezimpawu zezifo zofuzo ezifana ne-iron noma i-alpha-1 antitrypsin.
Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezivivinyo. Ukuhlolwa okuphambili kungase kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokucabanga njenge-ultrasound, i-computer ye-axial tomography (CT) yokuhlola noma i-imagery magnontic resonance (MRI).
I-biopsy yesibindi, lapho udokotela esusa ingxenye encane yesibindi futhi ayithumele ebhokisatri ukuze ahlolwe ngokuqhubekayo, kungadingeka uma isizathu esizwakalayo sokuvuvukala singenakutholwa noma uma odokotela kudingeka badalule ukuthi ubuningi besibindi abathintekayo. Njengoba ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kungabangela izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi, i-biopsy yesibindi ayitholakali ngaphandle uma umsuka wesifo sofuba singatholakali ngokususelwa kwezinye izivivinyo.
Ukubhekana
Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis zixazulula ngokushesha, ezinye izinhlobo zihlala amashumi eminyaka futhi kuzodingeka zilawulwe eduze udokotela wakho. Ukuphila nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis kudinga ukuba ube nomsebenzi wokwelashwa ovamile futhi ulandele uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha.
Ngaphandle kwemithi, uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha lungase luhlanganise ukuguqula indlela yakho yokuphila, njengokuvimbela utshwala nokugcina isisindo somzimba esiwusizo, okusiza ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba singabi nakakhulu. Ezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingadingeka ukuze kuvimbele ukusakazeka kwesifo, uma sitheleleka kwabanye.
Okokugcina, funani abanye abahlala nesifo sofuba. Kukhona amaqembu amaningi asekela ukusiza ukufundisa nokusiza abantu kanye nemindeni yabo. Ngemfundo encane nokusekela, abantu abanesifo sofuba bangaphila impilo egcwele futhi ephelele.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Viral Hepatitis. Kubuyekezwe 12/09/16. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/
Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.