Ngokwemibandela elula, isichazamazwi esithi "izakhi zofuzo" kusho noma yini ephathelene nokulandelana kofuzo lomuntu okukhona kuwo wonke amaselula aphilayo. I-Genesini yiyona ingxenye eyisisekelo yokuzalwa kwabantu kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Izitshalo
Izakhi zofuzo zakhiwe nge-DNA, noma i-deoxyribonucleic acid. Ngokusho kwe-Human Genome Project - inhloso yokucwaninga yezizwe eziningi eyenzelwe ukukhomba nokubala ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo zabantu - silinganiselwa ku-20,000 - 25,000 amagciwane.
Okumangalisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-99% wezakhi zofuzo afana nabo bonke abantu, nesilinganiso esisele esithinta ukungafani esikubona ngokuphakama, umbala wesikhumba, isisindo, nezinye izici ezingokwenyama.
I-Genetic Theory of Aging
Imfundiso yezobuciko yokuguga iphakamisa ukuthi impilo ende ibuye ihlolwe yizifo zethu zegciwane, futhi ucwaningo oluthile - njengezifundo ezibandakanya amawele afanayo - isekela le ncazelo. Olunye ucwaningo lucatshangelwe ukuthi ukuphila komuntu kungamaphesenti angama-25 kuphela avela ebuhlotsheni babo futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba bathonywe izici zokuphila ezifana nokudla nokuzivocavoca, nemikhuba eyingozi njengokubhema noma ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
Ngokuqhubekayo, ucwaningo lwesayensi lwezempilo olukhulayo luhlose ukuthola ukuthi kungani ezinye izakhi zofuzo "zishintsha" emzimbeni, kanti ezinye azikho, ezibangela izici ezithile zomzimba noma ukubhekela izifo, isibonelo. Ebizwa ngokuthi i-epigenetics, le ndawo yokucwaninga ibheka ukuthonya izici ezinjengokucindezeleka komama noma ukuchayeka kwemvelo, futhi okungenani kungachaza ukuthi kungani amawele afanayo anemibono engokwemvelo nakuba enesimo esifanayo sofuzo.
I-Genetic vs. Hereditary
Ngesikhathi igama elithi genetic livame ukusetshenziselwa ngokungafani ne-adjective hereditary, la magama akusho ukuthi into efanayo. Isibonelo, umdlavuza yisifo sofuzo ngoba kuhilela izakhi zofuzo ngaphakathi kweseli (okwenza leyo cell ihlukanise ngokungalawuleki), kodwa umdlavuza ngokwawo ungabangelwa ukushiswa kwelanga noma ukubhema futhi akudingeki ukuba uzuzwe kubazali bakho.
Imithombo:
Iyini isakhi? I-US National Institutes of Health "I-Home Reference Reference" Iphepha Lolwazi Lomphakathi. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene