Kuze kube yilapho ngitholwa ukuthi ngine-arthritis, angizange ngihlaziye isifo samalungu omuntu. Ngenye yezinto izinto abantu abazithatha kalula - ukunyakaza okuhlangene okuvamile. Lokhu kungukuthi, kuze kube yinto engalungile eyenza ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukulimala okuhlangene, ukukhubazeka okuhlangene, nokuhamba okulinganiselwe kokunyakaza. Ake siqhathanise ukujoyina okujwayelekile nokujoyina i-arthritic.
1 -
Ukuhlanganyela okujwayelekileEmzimbeni womuntu, kuhlanganiswa lapho kuphele khona ukuphela kwamathambo amabili, okuvumela ukuhamba. Lapho amathambo amabili enza inhlanganisela ephathekayo ephathekayo, efana ne-hip noma ehlombe, yaziwa ngokuthi i-diarthrosis, efana negama elithi "ukuhlangana kwe-synovial." Kuncike ekuhlanganyeleni okuqondile, ukunyakaza okuhlangene okubandakanya kubandakanya ukuchithwa (ukuhamba kude nomjikelezo womzimba); ukukhishwa (ukunyakaza kuya emkhatsini womzimba); isandiso (ukuqondisa); i-flexion (ukugoba); kanye nokujikeleza (ukunyakaza kwesiyingi). Ukuhlanganiswa okunempilo kwe-synovial kungahamba ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba kwayo okuvamile.
I-synovial joint ine capsule (ebizwa ngokuthi i-capsule ehlangene) ehlanganiswe ne- synovium (ebizwa ngokuthi ilayini elihlangene) futhi igcwele uketshezi lwe-synovial. Amathambo enhlanganisela ye-synovial ahlanganiswe ne-hyaline (articular) cartilage .
- I- capsule ehlangene iyisikhwama esineligamentous esihlanganisa ngokuphelele ukujoyina. Igama elithi "ligamentous" lisho izicubu ezinamathele ezihlangene namathambo. I-capsule ehlangene inikeza ukuzinza okunamandla ngokunciphisa ukunyakaza futhi, ngokusebenzisa ukuphela kwayo kwemizwa, kukuvumela ukwazi isimo sokujoyina kwakho.
- I- synovium (ebizwa nangokuthi i-membrane ye-synovial) iyimbumbulu yesikhumba esivumelanayo eqondisa izingxenyana ze-capsule ehlangene, kanye namathempulethi we-tendon no-bursae. Ama-tendon yizinhlobonhlobo zezicubu ezinamafutha afakwe emisipha ehambisa amathambo akho. I-Bursae yizikhwama ezinamathele, ezigcwele amanzi ezihlinzekela ukukhwabanisa lapho isikhumba, imisipha, ama-tendon, kanye namagagasi agubha phezu kwamathambo.
- I-Synovial fluid , eyenziwa yi-synovium, inikeza ukudla okunomsoco futhi isisiza ukunciphisa ukuqubuzana ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
- I-carticlage ye-articular iyincuba enzima kodwa eguquguqukayo enamanzi angu-85% kanye ne-matrix ehlelekile kakhulu ye-collagen, amaprotheni, noshukela. I-cartilage inikeza indawo evulekile evumela ukuthi amathambo aqhube ngokukhululekile ngenkathi ehlisa ukuqhuma futhi ehlwitha amandla.
2 -
I-Arthritic JointKunezinhlobo eziningi ze-arthritis . Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-arthritis ziyi- osteoarthritis ne- rheumatoid arthritis . Nge-osteoarthritis, sekuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi i-cartilage ibonakaliswe njengoba iguga, uhlobo lwenkinga ye-biomechanical. Phakathi nenqubo, i- bone spurs ingahlakulela futhi uketshezi lwe-synovial landa. Ngalezi zinguquko, amalunga abe nzima, abuhlungu, futhi abe nokuhamba okulinganiselwe kokunyakaza. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi sebeqalile ukushintsha ukucabanga kwabo futhi banikeze ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ekuvuthweni kwenqubo njengesifo se-osteoarthritis, okungenani kwezinye izimo.
Ukuqala kwe-arthritis ye-rheumatoid inqubo yokuvuvukala . Ngokuvuvukala okuhlangene, i-synovium iyancipha. Amaseli e-synovial akhula ngenombolo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqina. I-synovium iba i-edematous (igcwaliswe ngamanzi) futhi ihanjiswe ngokubunjwa okusha kwezimpahla zegazi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-synovial fluid kwanda futhi i-capsule ehlangene ivuvuka kanye nalezi zinguquko. Ukujikeleza amangqamuzana okuvuvukala angena emathanjeni ahlangene. Izinqubo zamaselula ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kanye nezinguquko eziphumela ekubhekiseni njenge-synovitis esebenzayo. Nge-synovitis esebenzayo, ukucasuka nokuvuvukala kwendwangu ehlangene, ukuchithwa kwe-cartilage, kanye nokwehluleka kwamathambo kungenzeka.
> Imithombo:
> I-Capsule Joint: Isakhiwo, Ukwakhiwa, > Ukuguga > kanye > Izifo >. > Journal of Anatomy. Ralphs JR et al. June 1994.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259958/
> Amajoyina. I-Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Pekka Mooar, MD Julayi 2007.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone_joint_and_muscle_disorders/biology_of_the_musculoskeletal_system/joints.html
> I-Joint Joint. I-WorldOrtho. Amaqembu Engxenyeni 1. NguSara Saw noMagdalena Mironowicz.
> Synovium evamile. UMalcolm D. Smith. I-Open Rheumatology Journal, 2011, 5, (I-Suppl > 1: M2) > 100-106
http://benthamscience.com/open/torj/articles/V005/SI0098TORJ/100TORJ.pdf
> I-Arthritis Ye-Rheumatoid: Ukuqaphela Nokuqala Ukwelashwa. Ukukhubazeka kwe-RA. PP.16-19. NguJohn J. Cush MD, uMichael E. Weinblatt, MD, no-Arthur Kavanaugh, MD. Uhlelo lwesithathu. I-Copyright 2010.