Okubalulekile mayelana neCung Cancer Causes
Nakuba abantu abaningi bahlobanisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu nokubhema, kunezimbangela eziningi. Kukhona abantu abashonile impilo yabo yonke futhi abazange bahlakulele umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokufanayo, kunabantu abaningi abangapheli kuze kube yilapho bebhema. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangasoze baphumela yiyona eyisithupha eyimbangela yokufa komdlavuza e-United States.
Asinaso isiqiniseko mayelana nezimbangela eziqondile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kunezici eziningana zokufaka ingozi eziye zabonwa.
Ezinye zazo ungazijwayele kakhulu, kodwa ezinye aziwa kangako. Umdlavuza we-Lung yisifo esiningi, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile kunezici eziningana ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zandise noma zinciphise ingozi. Siyazi ukuthi ezinye izinto ezivezwayo zingaphezu kokwengeza ekunikezeni ingozi. Isibonelo, ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kanye nokubhema kuphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu okuningi kunokuba ngabe lezi zingozi ezimbili zanezelwa ndawonye.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezindlela ezithile-njengokuzivocavoca nokudla ukudla okunempilo-okungase kunciphise ingozi yakho.
I-Environmental Exposures Yenza Kanjani I-Cancer Lung?
Ukuqonda ukuthi ukutholakala kwemvelo endaweni yethu noma indlela yokuphila kungabangela ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungasiza ekuhloleni izimbangela ezingenzeka. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingandisa ingozi ngokulimaza ngokuqondile i-DNA emafetheni. Lezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza zibizwa ngokuthi yi- carcinogens . Okunye ukuvezwa kungadala ukuvuvukala okungapheli. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okwandisa ukubuyisela nokulungisa ukulimala kwezicubu okwenzeka njengomphumela kwandisa ingozi yokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamaphutha-i-DNA-kungenzeka.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinguquko ze-DNA emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza wamaphaphu okwenza iseli evamile libe umakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza .
Ukucabangela Izifo Zomdlavuza
Kungaba ukwesaba ukukhuluma ngomdlavuza kubangele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuphazamisa, "Akuzona zonke izinto ezibangela umdlavuza?" uye wathola kahle. Eqinisweni, akulula ukwenza iseli evamile ukuba ibe ngumdlavuza weseli. Esikhathini esiningi lesi shintsho asenzeki kuze kube uchungechunge lwezinguquko (noma ifa noma i-imvelo) lilimaza i-DNA yeseli ngokwanele kangangokuthi ayisasabela emiyalweni evamile eyitshela ukuyeka ukwahlukana.
Sinezakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wethu ukuthi ikhodi amaprotheni aklanyelwe ukulungisa amangqamuzana abonakalisiwe noma awasuse ngaphambi kokuba abe nethuba lokuba namangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izinguquko kulezi zakhi zofuzo, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-tumor suppressor geni, zenza ezinye izakhi zofuzo zibe nomdlavuza.
Izimbangela Nezizathu Ezingenzeka Zomdlavuza We-Lung
Kukhona ezinye izimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu esiqinisekisiwe ngakho, kanti abanye lapho ijaji lisekhona.
Ake sibuke ezinye zezimbangela ezaziwayo, izimbangela ezibonakalayo, kanye nezimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye nokuthi izinto zihlolwe kanjani ukuze zihlolwe indima yazo ekwenzeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , obhekene namaphesenti angaba ngu-80 wamanqamu emaphaphu e-United States. Ingozi yomuntu ophuza umdlavuza wamaphaphu unamaphesenti angu-13 kuya kwangu-23 amakhulu kunomuntu ongabhemi. Futhi ngokungafani nenengozi yesifo senhliziyo, esiwela ngokuphawulekayo uma othile ehlehla lo mkhuba, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingase iqhubeke iminyaka noma ngisho neminyaka eminyaka ngemva kokuba umuntu eye. Empeleni, iningi labantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla ababhemayo kodwa ababhemayo ngaphambili.
Ukubhema kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima enkulu emdlalweni wamaphaphu kubantu kunabesifazane. E-United States, abesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-20 abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu bangabokubhema kuze kube phakade; emhlabeni wonke, abesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-50 kuphela abathuthukisa lesi sifo.
Ngaphezu kokubhema ugwayi, ukubhema ugwayi kuyingozi engumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kukhona impikiswano mayelana nokubhema inambuzane yokukhulisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu emaphaphu , kanti ezinye izifundo zikhomba okuphambene nalokho, kodwa kunobufakazi obuhle bokuthi ukushayela okubhema ukubhema okwakamuva kuphakamisa ingozi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ohlobene nokubhema ngaphezu komdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi kulabo abasenomdlavuza, ukuyeka ukubhema kuthuthukisa ukusinda .
I-Radon Exposure
Ukuvezwa kwegesi lika-radon ekhaya kungumphumela wesibili oholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu kanye nombangela ovame kakhulu womdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo abangabhemi. I-Radon iyi-gesi engenambala, engenangqamuzana ekhishwa e-decay evamile ye-uranium emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamakhaya ethu. Leli gesi lingangena emakhaya ngemisakazo esisekelweni nasezindongeni, ezungeze amaphampu e-sump, amapayipi, namanzi, futhi iqoqa emoyeni ehamba emakhaya ethu.
I-World Health Organization inqume ukuthi amaphesenti angama-15 wamanqamu wamaphaphu emhlabeni wonke angenxa yokudonswa kwe-radon. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa i-Radon uvezwa ukuthi unesibopho sokufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-27 000 minyaka yonke e-United States.
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Kungani Ukuyeka Ukubhema Ngeke Kwaqeda Ngokuphelele Ukushona Kwe-Cancer Ukufa
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Ngamaphi amaphesenti ababhemayo athola umdlavuza webele?
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwale nombolo, qhathanisa nalabo abafa ku-40,000 ukufa komdlavuza webele wesifuba unyaka ngamunye.
Indlela kuphela yokwazi uma ikhaya lakho linendawo ephakeme ye-radon ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-radon . Ama-khondi e-radon angabizi atholakala ezitolo eziningi ze-hardware noma ku-intanethi. Uma amazinga aphakanyisiwe, ukunciphisa i-radon okwenziwa ngoprofethi oqinisekisiwe kungaba njalo ukuxazulula inkinga bese kususa le ngozi.
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ibaluleke kangako kunezindlu ezakhiwe kwi-granite, ukukhishwa kwe-radon emanothini okuqamba ama-granite kungase kube yinto engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umsizi wesibili
Ukubhema kwentuthuko yimbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi unesibopho sokufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-7 000 umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngonyaka e-United States. Ukuhlala nomuntu obhemayo kuphakamisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kumaphesenti angu-30. Futhi njengoba nje nomusi womuntu othumayo, ukubhema kwentuthuko kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nezinye izifo zomdlavuza.
Ukuzivocavoca emsebenzini
Ukwehliswa kwemisebenzi kwamakhemikhali kanye nemithi kuyimbangela ebalulekile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-United States, phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-13 namaphesenti angama-29 wamanqamu emaphaphu emadodeni anezikhundla zokuzibandakanya emsebenzini njengengxenye (lelo nani lishintsha cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kwabesifazane.)
Amanye amakhemikhali asezimboni ahlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu afaka:
- I-Asbestos
- I-Arsenic
- Ama-Chromium compounds
- Amakhemikhali e-nickel
- Ama-PAH (ama-polycyclic ama-hydrocarboni aphuzi)
- I-vinyl chloride
- Uthuli lwokhuni
Ezinye imisebenzi ezihlobene nengozi ye-lung emaphaphu zihlanganisa:
- Ukushayela iloli
- Ukuthungwa kwesitshalo
- Ukusebenza kwe-Metal
- Ukuphrinta
- Ukwenza i-Ceramic
- Imayini ye-uranium
- Ukukhiqiza kweglasi
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola amaphepha amaphepha okuphepha wezinto ezibonakalayo abaqashi abadingeka ukuba banikeze noma yimaphi amakhemikhali ongaboniswa kuwo emsebenzini.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Nakuba ukungcoliswa komoya sekuye kwaqashelwa njengengozi yezempilo, nje nje nje ukuthi indima yayo ekubambeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu sekuvelele. Le nengozi ihlukahluka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi iyimbangela yomshuwalense wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-5 emadodeni namaphesenti amathathu kwabesifazane e-United States.
Izinkuni zokhuni kanye nokupheka
Yize kunenkinga enkulu emazweni asathuthuka, ukubhema emapulazini asezinkuni nokupheka endlini ngomoya ompofu kuyimbangela ebalulekile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu emhlabeni wonke.
Ubungcwele / iziGenesheni
Ukuba nesihlobo sokuqala (umama, ubaba, umntakwethu, noma umntanakho) nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphinda kabili ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti isihlobo somlinganiso wesibili nomdlavuza wamaphaphu (umama, umalume, umshana, noma umshana) uphakamisa ingozi ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30.
Ngokuqonda okukhudlwana kwezakhi zofuzo, ezinye zezici ezibhekene nale ngozi ziyabonakala. Isibonelo salokhu yisisindo se- tumor suppressor gene esibizwa ngokuthi i-BRCA2. Leli gciwane laphakanyiswa njengenye yezinhlayiya ze-cancer zebele "ngu-Angelina Jolie," kodwa lokho okuzwakala kakhulu okukhulunywa ngakho ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA2 okuzuze ngefa kungakwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ababhema.
Ngokuvamile, amaphesenti angu-1.7 amacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu abhekwa "njengefa." Izakhi zofuzo zingase zibe khona lapho umdlavuza wamaphaphu uqala kubantu abangabhemi, abesifazane nabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60.
Izifo Zamafutha
Abantu abanezifo ezithile zamaphaphu kubonakala benengozi enkulu yokwenza umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abanezifo ezingavamile zokuphazamiseka kwegazi (COPD), njenge-emphysema, banengozi yokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-COPD "iyingozi engazimele" yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, okusho ukuthi ukuthi lesi sifo sikhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi ukuthi lokhu kubungozi kubhekene nokubhema. Isifo sesifo sofuba sibonakala senza ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi ingabangela ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni. Ukuba ne-fibrosis ye-pulmonary, efana ne- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , iyandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kukhona futhi ubufakazi bokuthi i- asthma ingabangela ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ikakhulukazi kwabangewona abhema
Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha
Amasosha omzimba wethu adlala indima ebalulekile ekulwa nomdlavuza. Izimo zezokwelapha ezilimaza amasosha omzimba, njenge-HIV / AIDS, zibonakala zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengezifo ezizimele njenge-rheumatoid arthritis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezelwa kwamagciwane okufakelwa isilwane kuphakamisa ingozi.
Abantu abanezinye izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza bajwayele ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Okunye kwalokhu kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nemithi yokwelapha (i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwe-radiation kungabangela umdlavuza wesibili ) noma ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo ezibeka abantu emdlalweni jikelele.
Izifo
Ngeke sivame ukucabanga ngezifo njengesizathu somdlavuza, kodwa okweshumi kwamagciwane e-United States kanti amaphesenti angu-25 emhlabeni jikelele ahlobene nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ubudlelwane phakathi kokutheleleka komuntu we-papillomavirus (HPV) nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , nakuba kungakaziwa uma lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona kuphela ukulungiswa noma uma, esikhundleni salokho, i-HPV iyimbangela yangempela.
Ukuboniswa komswakama
Zombili imisebe emvelweni kanye nemisebe yezokwelapha iye yahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imishanguzo yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza-ngokwesibonelo, ukwelapha isifo sikaHodgkin noma emva kwesifo somdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza webele - singabangela ingozi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abathola lezi zelasheni lapho besencane.
Ukudla kanye nezithako zokudla
Ukudla okuningi okusetshenziselwa (okuphulukisiwe) kanye nokudla okubomvu kungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti ukudla okunezithelo nemifino kuhlobene nengozi ephansi. Ukuphuza utshwala kungase kuhlobaniswe nengozi eyanda. Sizwa okuningi ngokusebenzisa izithako zokudla, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu ukwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza kudinga ukuza nokuqapha. Lapho ezwa ukuthi ukudla okuphezulu e-beta-carotene (isitshalo se-phytochemical) kwakuhlotshaniswa nengozi yomdlavuza ongaphansi, abacwaningi bacwaninga imiphumela ye-suppa beta-carotene eningi labantu. Ngokungafani ne-beta-carotene yokudla, i-beta-carotene eyengeziwe isuke ixhunywe nengozi ephakeme yalesi sifo.
Ukungafani kobulili kanye ne-Estrogen
Siyazi ukuthi amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu anemitholampilo ye-estrogen nokuthi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingahluka ngomlando wokuzala kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hormone. Siyazi nokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane uhluka ngokuhlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu. Lokho kusho ukuthi sesiqala ukufunda ukuthi yini, uma ikhona, umphumela wokuthi i- estrogen inengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukufunda I-Cancer Causes Causes
Inkinga enkulu ekuqapheliseni izimbangela ezibangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu usebunzima bokuhlola ukuchayeka kwemvelo.
Enye inkinga yesikhathi somdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza . Ukuchayeka okuningi-njengokubhema ugwayi-kungabangeli umdlavuza ngokushesha. Isikhathi se-latency yomdlavuza sichazwa njengesikhathi esithile phakathi kokuchazwa kwesifo somdlavuza (i-carcinogen) kanye nesikhathi lapho umdlavuza uthola khona. Uma ukubhema ugwayi kusungulwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, cishe ngeke siqaphele ukuthi kungaba imbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Enye inkinga ekuhloleni izimbangela zisekuklanyelwe ucwaningo. Ukunquma ngokunembile uma into edala umdlavuza, sidinga ukuklama isifundo esibheka into engaphezu kwesikhathi nokulawula kwezinye izici ezingase zidlale. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izifundo ezizayo. Iningi lalokho esikwaziyo ngomdlavuza kubangelwa yizifundo eziphindaphindiwe. Lezi zifundo zibuka abantu abanomdlavuza futhi bafike emuva ngesikhathi ukuzama ukuqonda izimbangela. Izifundo eziningi ezizoqhubeka ziqhubekela phambili, kodwa ulwazi oluningi lwazo lungatholakali amashumi eminyaka.
Ukusabalalisa ukutholakala komzimba kungase kudlale indima ekutheni noma cha yini esiyifunayo yinkinga yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuvezwa okunjengokubhema, okuyinto evamile emhlabeni wonke, kulula ukutadisha ukuthi ukuvezwa okwenzeka emaphesenti amancane abantu.
Ukukhathazeka kokugcina okumele kukhulunywe ngakho kuhambisana nokuhambisana . Kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezimbili zihlangene akusho ukuthi omunye ubangela omunye. Isibonelo esisetshenziswe kaningi ukuthi kunamanzi amaningi ehlobo-ngesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka lapho abantu abaningi bedla i-ayisikhilimu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukudla i-ayisikhili kubangela ukugwinya. Isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla yilapho esingakazi khona uma kunesidalwa, nakuba kuhlangene ngezinye izikhathi.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yakho Yomdlavuza We-Lung
Okusheshayo okucacile lapho sifunda ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuthi asikaqondi zonke izici eziyingozi. Lokhu kucacile nakakhulu njengoba siqaphela ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukwanda eqenjini elilodwa labantu: abasha abasha, ababheki njalo.
Kuze kube yilapho sisazi kabanzi, imikhuba embalwa eyisisekelo inganciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kumagciwane angase abe khona:
- Funda amalebuli kumikhiqizo oyisebenzisayo, kungaba ekhaya noma emsebenzini.
- Sebenzisa amaglavu uma ubamba noma yini ongayifuni emlonyeni wakho; umqondo wonke ngemuva kokumisela imithi ethile "kwifomu lokugoba" ukuthi isikhumba sethu singakwazi ukungenisa kalula amakhemikhali amaningi.
- Qinisekisa ukugqoka imaski uma kubizwa, futhi usebenzise umoya omuhle lapho usebenza namakhemikhali afana namapayipi nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza.
Okuningi kusuka:
- Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza
- Amathiphu 10 Wokuvimbela I-Cancer Lung
- I-Superfoods Yokunciphisa Ingozi Ye-Cancer Lung
Imithombo:
UKocurek, E., no-A. Hemnes. Impilo Yabesifazane kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemfucuza kanye Nezifo. Imitholampilo ye-Obstetrics and Gynecology eNyakatho Melika . 2016. 43 (2): 307-23.
Mao, Y., Yang, D., He, J., noM M. Krasna. I-Etiology ye-Cancer Lung. Imitholampilo Yokuhlinzeka eNyakatho Melika . 2016. 25 (3): 439-45.
Dlula, J., Carbone, D., Johnson, D. et al. Izimiso Nezenzo Ze-Cancer Lung . I-4th Edition. UWilliams noWilkins: ngo-2010.
Yoon, J., Lee, J., Joo, S., noD. Kang. I-Indoor Radon Exposure and Cancer Lung: Ukubukeza Izifundo Zemvelo. Ama-Annal of Medicine Occupational and Environmental . 2016. 28:15.