Sibutsetelo
Udokotela ohlinzayo uyidokotela oye waqeqesha ngokuqondile ukusebenza ezigulini ezidinga izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukwenza ukugcoba umzimba wesiguli nokulungisa noma ukukhipha ingxenye yangaphakathi yomzimba, bese uvala ukuchotshozwa kokuthola kahle. Abanye odokotela abahlinzayo bayazikhethela futhi bahlanganyele-baqeqeshwe uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa, kuyilapho abanye odokotela abahlinzayo, okuthiwa "abahlinzayo abavamile" bavulekile kodwa bengenzi izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuhlinza ezifana nobuchopho noma izinhliziyo.
Ukuqeqeshwa Nezemfundo Kudingeka Ukuba Udokotela Ohlinzayo
Udokotela ohlinzayo, njengabanye odokotela, kumele kuqala aqedele i-undergraduate, noma i-bachelor degree, ngaphambi kokuya esikoleni sezokwelapha ukuqedela udokotela wezokwelapha (MD) noma udokotela wezokwelapha osteopathic. (DO) Ukuthola kokubili i-degrees degree nezokwelapha ngokuvamile kuyinkqubo engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu ahlanganyele ohlelweni lokufunda esikoleni esiphansi kanye nesikole sezokwelashwa okuvame ukuphela kweminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa esikhundleni se-8.
Ngemuva kwesikole, udokotela ohlinzayo ozayo uyena ohlelweni lokuhlala oluhlinzekwa iminyaka emihlanu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlala ezihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka jikelele, ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo (amathambo, amajoyini, ama-tendon), i-neurosurgery (ubuchopho, intambo yomgogodla) nokuningi. Uma udokotela ohlinzayo angathanda ukuqhubela phambili ukuthi asebenzise uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo angaya eminye iminyaka yokuqeqesha, ebizwa ngokuthi imibuthano, lapho ezofunda khona amasu nezinqubo ezengeziwe eziphathelene nendawo ethize yomzimba, noma ufunde kakhulu okuyinkimbinkimbi amakhono okuhlinza abahlinzayo abaningi abahlinzayo abahlinzeki.
Iviki lesonto lomsebenzi nomthwalo womsebenzi
Odokotela abahlinzayo ngokuvamile basebenza izinsuku ezine nengxenye kuya kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto njalo, kanye nanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokubekwa ucingo ngezimo eziphuthumayo noma izimo eziphuthumayo. Njengemisebenzi eminingi yezokwelapha, ukuba udokotela ohlinzayo kungaphezu kwemisebenzi engamahora angu-40 ngesonto. Odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo basebenza amahora angu-50-60 masonto onke, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokubiza, imisebenzi yokuphatha, neminye imithwalo yemfanelo.
Ngokuvamile, odokotela abahlinzayo bazoba nezinsuku ezingaba ngu-3 kuvinjelwe ukuhlinzwa nezinsuku ezingu-2 ezinikezwe emahoreni amahhovisi wokuqokwa kwamakhasimende noma ukubonisana kwangaphambi kokusebenza.
Umthwalo wecala ungashintsha, ngokususelwa kuhlobo nobunzima bokuhlinza, futhi kungaba khona kusuka ku-150 ngonyaka kuya ku-500 noma ngaphezulu. Isilinganiso sisebenza ngokuhlinzwa okungu-300-400 njalo ngonyaka.
Ngaphezu kwesikhathi esichitha ukusebenza ezigulini, ukuhlangana nabo, nokubonisana nabanye odokotela, odokotela abahlinzayo kumele futhi bachithe isikhathi ezindabeni zokuphatha njengokuthi baqaphele amanothi okuqhubekayo amarekhodi eziguli. Futhi, kuyilapho abanye odokotela abahlinzayo beqashwe izibhedlela, odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo banamnikazi noma abanikazi bezenzo zabo, ngakho-ke kumele basize ekuphathweni kwezindaba zebhizinisi.
Isethi Yokusebenza Siyadingeka
Njengodokotela abaningi, odokotela kufanele babe nolwazi emkhakheni wezibalo, isayensi, i-biology, i-anatomy ne-physiology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abahlinzayo kufanele babe nokuxhumeka okuvelele nokubambisana ngezandla. Odokotela abahlinzayo kufanele bakhululeke ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, benze izinqubo eziphezulu zokubeka ingozi futhi baphathe impilo noma izimo zokufa. Ukunakwa kwemininingwane kubaluleke kakhulu odokotela abahlinzayo, njengoba amaphutha angaba yingozi ekamelweni lokusebenza.
Izindlela zokuhlinza
Ukuhlinzeka nge-laparoscopic, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa okuncane okungavamile, ingenye yezinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kweziguli manje ezisetshenziselwa abahlinzayo.
I-laparoscopy uhlobo lokwelapha olwenciphisa ingozi nokuhlukumeza isiguli ngemibono encane kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okuncane emzimbeni. Phakathi nokuhlinzeka kwe-laparoscopic, ithuluzi elincane lokuhlinzwa elinamakhamera amancane lifakwa emzimbeni wesiguli. Imiklamo yekhamera yakhulisa izithombe esikrinini sevidiyo ukuze udokotela angakwazi ukuhambisa izinsimbi zokuhlinza ngaphandle komzimba wesiguli, aqede isidingo sokuvulelwa okukhulu okuvulekile, futhi isikhathi sokutakula sincane kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yama-robotic ekuhlinzekeni kuyindlela ekhulayo, esebenzisa imishini ezenzakalelayo ukuze ukwandise ukucaca ezindaweni ezithile ezibucayi noma ukuhamba okunzima.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-robotics kuya ngokuya kwanda kakhulu ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezingakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezibiza izindleko ezinkulu ze-dollar.
Indawo yokusebenza
Abahlinzayo bachitha isikhathi esithile noma ngaphezulu emsebenzini wabo ekamelweni lokusebenza (OR), noma esikhungweni esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzeka iziguli. Isikhathi esingezona sokuhlinzwa sivame ukusetshenziswa emahhovisi e-ofisi, lapho odokotela abahlinzayo bezohlangana nesiguli ngokuvakashelwa kokuqala kwangaphambili nokuthunyelwa kweziguli nokubonisana. Lokhu kuhambela kufaka ukuhlola kokuqala kwesiguli ukuhlola inkinga, bese uyala noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo noma ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkinga kanye nesiphakamiso esihle sokwelapha. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo uhlangana nesiguli futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuye kwaphumelela, ukunikeza ukwelapha ngokomzimba njengoba kudingeka , futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuphulukisa kwesiguli kuyindlela.
Izinhlobo Zogqirha Nesihlomelo Sesilinganiso
Ukulandela yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza abahlinzayo, inani leminyaka yokuqeqeshwa elidingekayo ngemuva kwesikole sezokwelapha, kanye nesilinganiso semali esenziwa ngonyaka esekelwe idatha yakamuva kakhulu etholakalayo.
- Odokotela abahlinzayo abajwayelekile : (Iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala, akukho ukuhlanganyela okudingekayo) Yenza ama- appendectomies , i-hernia ukuhlinzwa, nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinza kubandakanya isibindi, ubhedu, emathunjini, nokunye ikhanda, intamo, ukuhlinzwa kwamathumba, ngaphandle kwezinhliziyo. Abahlinzayo abavamile banganquma ukwenza ngokukhethekile kwezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ngokuqedela ukuqeqeshwa kobudlelwane ekuhlinzekeni kwegazi (ukusebenza emithanjeni nemithambo), ukuhlinzwa kwe-thoracic, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo (ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo), ukuhlinzeka ngesandla, ukuhlinzwa kwezingane, nokuningi. Isihlomelo Isilinganiso: $ 402,409, ngokusho kwe-MGMA Physician Compensation and Production Survey, edition ka-2013 esekelwe isinxephezelo sika-2012.
- Abahlinzayo bama-Orthopediki: (Iminyaka emihlanu yokuqeqeshwa komzimba wama-orthopedic). Abahlinzayo abahlinzeka nge-Orthopedic baqaphele ekuhlinzekeni kwamalungu, amathambo, ama-tendon nemisipha. Lokhu kubandakanya i-arthroscopy, ukujoyina okuhlanganyelwe noma ukuvuselelwa, ukuxuba amathambo, ukusebenza emathanjeni aphukile noma aphukile, nokuningi. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi olukhethekile, odokotela bamazinyo bangakhetha ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwemithi yezemidlalo, ukuhlinzeka ngesandla, izinyawo nezinyathelo zokuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzekwa komgogodla, nokunye. Isinxephezelo esiphezulu: $ 586,311 abahlinzayo abahlinzeka ngamathambo ngo-2012, ngokusekelwe ku-2013 MGMA Physician Compensation and Production Survey.
- I-Neurosurgeons : (Iminyaka emihlanu yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala nge-neurosurgery) I-Neurosurgeons iyingqayizivele ekuhlinzekeni kobuchopho nokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Ziyizinkokhelo eziphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke odokotela abahlinzayo, ezinemali engenayo efinyelela ku-$ 800,000-1,000,000 ngonyaka. Isilinganiso semali yonyaka: $ 765,321 ngokusho kohlolo lwe-MGMA ka-2013 lwemali ka-2012.
- Abahlinzayo abahlinzayo: (Iminyaka emithathu yokuhlala ngokujwayelekile yokuhlinzwa, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala endaweni yokuhlinzwa yasepulasitiki iminyaka engama-2-3) Abahlinza abahlinzayo basePlastiki baziwa kakhulu ngezinqubo zabo zokuzithokozisa ezifana ne-liposuction, ukukhushulwa kwebele, ukuphakama ubuso, nokuningi. Abahlinzayo basePlastiki nabo basebenza nezisulu zezingozi noma bashisa ukuvuselela izindawo ezilimele. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlinza okuningi okwenziwa ngabahlinzayo abahlinzeka ngamapulasitiki kuyizinhlinzeko ezikhethiwe zokwenza izimonyo, abahlinzayo bepulasitiki bayakwazi ukuthola okuningi kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zogqirha abanomusa wezinkampani zomshuwalense. Abahlinzayo abahlinzayo basePlastiki bathola ukukhokha okugcwele ngokushesha ezigulini zabo, ngokuphambene nokulinda ukuhlolwa komshuwalense ukufika. Isinxephezelo sesilinganiso: $ 520,077