AbaseMelika baseMelika babhekene nengozi ephezulu yokudangala komqondo kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lobuhlanga e-United States. Okuphawulayo, i-Alzheimer's Association ibika ukuthi ingozi ye-Afrika yaseMelika inengozi yokungaboni kahle cishe kabili kwelabo abamhlophe abangewona amaLatino namaphesenti angama-65 aphakeme kunabase-Asia baseMelika. Ezinye imithombo zibeka ukuthi ingozi yabase-Afrika baseMelika ingaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu eziphakeme kunabamhlophe abangewona abaseLatin.
Abacwaningi abaningana bebebheke lokhu kungalingani ukuze bafunde ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingase zibe negalelo kulezi zingozi ze- Alzheimer kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokugula komqondo .
Izingozi ezikhonjisiwe
Uma kukhona ukungalingani ngokobuhlanga engozini kwanoma yisiphi isimo sezempilo, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukuthi kungani lezo zingxabano zikhona. Ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi lezi zici ezilandelayo zingabangela ingozi yokumemezeleka kwengqondo kwabase-Afrika baseMelika:
Izifo Zezinhliziyo
Izifo zenhliziyo ziye zahlanganiswa ngokuqinile engozini yokwehla kwesifo sengqondo somzimba, kuhlanganise nokuwohloka komqondo kwe- Alzheimer's and vascular dementia . Izifo zenhliziyo zihlanganisa izindaba zezempilo ezifana nokucindezeleka kwegazi nokushaywa.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunamanye amaqembu ezizwe, futhi uqala nokuphila ngokulinganayo. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uye wazimela ngokuzimela engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukugula komqondo.
Ingozi yokushaya isifo iphakeme kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunabanye amaqembu ezizwe.
Eqinisweni, i-National Stroke Association ikulinganisa ukuthi ingozi yokulimala kwabase-Afrika baseMelika iphindwe kabili kunabamhlophe abangewona abaseLatin. Kuye ngokuthi indawo nezinga le-stroke, ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba kungathuthuka kanjani.
- Ukungavikeleki Kwezezimali
Amazinga angenayo imali engenayo kanye nobunzima bezimali obonakalayo ahlotshaniswa nokusebenza okuncane kokuqonda.
Ucwaningo olulodwa olubhekene nobuphofu nokuqonda ubunzima bezezimali kubandakanya abahlanganyeli ababengaba cishe eminyakeni engama-50 ubudala. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abantu abaye babhekana nobuphofu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 benza okuncane ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kokuqonda . Abahlanganyeli kulolu cwaningo babefundile kakhulu, basikisela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube khona umphumela wokuhlanekezela. Ngamanye amazwi, izinga labo eliphakeme lemfundo liyancipha kakhulu amathuba okuba amazinga aphansi emfundo noma ukuhlakanipha okuphansi kubangele ukuba ubumpofu bukhule.
AbaseMelika baseMelika basengozini enkulu yobumpofu kunamanye amaqembu, kanye nolwazi lwe-US Census olubonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwengxenye yabantu base-Afrika baseMelika bahlala ebumpofu, kanti abangaphansi kwezingu-10 abangamhlophe baseLatin abahlala ebuphofu.
- Isifo sikashukela
Ingozi yesifo sikashukela, ehlotshaniswa nobungozi obuningi besifo se-Alzheimer, iphakeme nakakhulu kuma-Afrika aseMelika kunamanye amaqembu ezizwe. Isifo se-Alzheimer sebizwa ngokuthi " uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesithathu " ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwezifo ezimbili.
- Izinga Lemfundo Ephansi
Amazinga aphansi emfundo abe yingozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, kanti amazinga aphakeme emfundo acatshangelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokugula komqondo, okuyingxenye ehlobene nokwanda kwendawo yokugcina ingqondo .
Njengamanje, ama-Afrika aseMelika, ngokwesilinganiso, avame ukuba namazinga aphansi emfundo kunabamhlophe abangewona abaseLatin. Lapho umlando wezwe lakithi ubuyekezwa, kuphawulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwethu luvimbela abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika ukuthi bangafinyeleleke ohlelweni olufanayo lwezemfundo abanye ababa khona. Ngokusanda ku-1960, isikole sasihlukaniswe nabase-Afrika baseMelika, futhi imali yokuthola isikole yayingaphansi kwezikole ezimhlophe. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, ukufinyelela kwamathuba afanayo okufundisa kwakungaphansi. Ngokwemvelo, izwe lethu livinjelwe ukufinyelela okulinganayo kwemfundo, okungenzeka kube nengxenye ezingeni eliphansi lemfundo, elihlotshaniswa nenengozi yokunciphisa ingqondo.
- Ukuboniswa Kokuhlangenwe nakho Okucindezelekayo Okuphila Konke
Ucwaningo olulodwa olwethulwa kwiNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke ka-2017 i-Alzheimer's Association yathola ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okucindezelayo kwabomdabu base-Afrika baseMelika basebenzisana nokusebenza kwengqondo ekunciphiseni esikhathini esizayo. Kulesi sifundo, okuhlangenwe nakho okucindezelayo kokuphila kwakuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Ukuxoshwa emsebenzini
- Izinkinga zomthetho nezomthetho
- Ukungabi nokuphepha kwezezimali
- Ukungqubuzana nabanye
- Ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba
- Izinkinga zempilo
- Ukubhekana nokulwa
- Ukuba nomzali owasebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala
- Ukufa kwengane
Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi izinga lemfundo, i- APOEEN4 isimo segciwane (isakhi esibeka abantu engozini enkulu yokudemuka kwengqondo) futhi isilinganiso seminyaka cishe silingana phakathi komncintiswano phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bezocwaningo, ngakho-ke akuzona izici ekuthonyeni imiphumela ukutadisha.
Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basezifundweni babhekana nezenzakalo ezicindezelayo cishe ezingamaphesenti angu-60 ekuphileni kwabo uma kuqhathaniswa nabamhlophe abangewona amaLatin. Lezi zenzakalo zihlotshaniswa nokunciphisa ukusebenza komqondo wokuphila esikhathini esizayo njengoba kuboniswa ukusebenza okungasebenzi ememori nokuhlolwa kwezinkinga. Kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika, okuhlangenwe nakho okucindezelayo kokuphila okulinganayo kwakufana neminyaka emine yokuguga kwengqondo.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi lolu cwaningo aluzange lwenze ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuhlonza ukugula komqondo othile kodwa kunalokho kugxile ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, okungaba ubufakazi, kanye / noma ubungozi bokukhubazeka okuncane nokucabanga komqondo.
- Ukuzalwa Embusweni Onamazinga Okufa Kwezingane Eziphakeme
Olunye ucwaningo olwethulwa eHhovisi le-International Alzheimer's Association lika-2017 lugcizelela ukubaluleka kwendawo yokuzalwa yomuntu. Abacwaningi bacwaninga amazinga okufa kwezinsana zamazwe ahlukene ngo-1928. Emva kokubhekisela ekutheni lezi rates zikhokhiswe ngamarekhodi ezokwelapha, bathola ukuthi ama-Afrika aseMelika azalwe emazweni anezinga eliphezulu lokushona kwezingane abengamaphesenti angama-40 amathuba okuba nokuhlushwa kwengqondo kunamazwe aseMelika azalwa ngaphansi Ukushona kwezingane kusho. Babengamaphesenti angama-80 amathuba okuba nokuhlakulela i-dementia uma kuqhathaniswa nabamhlophe abazalwa ekufeni kwezingane ezisencane. Ama-Whites azalwe ngokushona kwezingane ezincane awazange akhombise ingozi yokudemeka kwengqondo, okusho ukuthi "ngandlela-thile" izifo noma imiphumela yezinga lokufa.
Ngenkathi isifundo esisodwa singagqugquzeli lokhu kuhlanganiswa, abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ingozi eyandayo yaba khona ngisho nangemva kokucabangela isifo sikashukela, isifo, isisindo, amazinga emfundo kanye nokucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu. Batshela ukuthi izimo ezibucayi empilweni yakuqala zingandisa ingozi yokugula komqondo esikhathini esizayo empilweni.
- Ukucindezeleka
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwathola ukuthi ukuvezwa kokucindezeleka okungapheli kungandisa ingozi yokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi abase-Afrika baseMelika bangamaphesenti angama-20 amathuba okubhekana nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kunabamhlophe abangewona amaLatin. Ukwengeza, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abahlala ebumpofu bavame ukuphindwe kathathu njengalabo abangenabo ubumpofu ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kwengqondo, ngakho-ke kube engozini yokucindezeleka kanye nokulimala okungenangqondo.
- Ukuhlala komakhelwane abahluphekile
Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi "zihluphekile" ngokucabangela amazinga ompofu, izinga lokuqashwa, izindlu, kanye nemfundo. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abahlanganyeli abahlala ezindaweni ezihluphekile babe nezilinganiso eziphansi ezivivinyweni ezilinganisa inkumbulo esheshayo, isivinini sokuqonda kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukukhumbula inkumbulo nokukhuluma ngamazwi, Abacwaningi bathola amazinga aphakeme omaka we-Alzheimer emgodini wamagogasi alabo ababengabafundi kusuka kulezi zindawo eziphansi ezomphakathi. Ngenkathi ucwaningo lungakavivinyi okwenzeka ku-Alzheimer ezindaweni ezihlukene, izikolo ezingezansi zokuqonda kanye nokuba khona kwama-almheimer's biomarker ziye zahlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yokudangala komqondo.
Abanakekeli base-Afrika baseMelika kanye ne-Dementia
Njengoba kunjalo nakwamanye amancane ezinhlanga ezifana neLatinos , abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika abanomqondo wokugula komzimba banakekelwe ngabanakekeli bomndeni. Ngokuvamile kulindeleke ukuthi amalungu omndeni wase-African American anakekele abathandekayo asebekhulile futhi begula. Ngenkathi le ndima ingabhekwa njengokulindelekile okujwayelekile futhi hhayi umthwalo, kusenemiphumela ebalulekile kumuntu nomnakekeli wabo.
AbaseMelika baseMelika bangase bangabi namathuba okucela usizo, bafune ukuxilongwa, noma baxhumane nezinsiza zomphakathi. Ingxenye yesizathu salokhu ingahle ihlobene nokuntuleka kokuxhumeka noma ukwethenjwa okusekelwe kwabahlinzeki bezempilo kanye / noma izinhlangano zokusekela umphakathi. Ukwengeza, abantu abaningi bangase bangabi namasevisi okunakekelwa kwezempilo, lapho isimo sokuxilongwa singeke senzeke kuze kube yilapho kulandela inqubo yesifo.
Izincomo
Izinhlangano eziningana ziye zacela indlela yokuzikhandla yokukhonza kangcono abase-Afrika baseMelika abaphila nokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo, kanye namalungu omndeni wabo. Basikisela amasu ambalwa, kuhlanganise okulandelayo:
- Nikeza ukukhulumisana okuphathelene nemvelo mayelana nesifo se-Alzheimer. Hlukanisa izinsiza ezikhona futhi uthuthukise izinto ezintsha, eziphathelene namasiko ezibhekene nezingozi ezithile ezihlobene nabase-Afrika baseMelika, izibonakaliso zokuxwayisa zokuqala zokukhubazeka kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukugcina impilo yengqondo.
- Nikeza ukuxhumana komuntu siqu, ekhaya-ekhaya ngezinsiza. Finyelela emindenini emakhaya abo ukuze unikeze ukusekela nokuqeqeshwa komnakekeli, funda ukuthi ngabani nemindeni bazoyithola ewusizo futhi banikeze imfundo mayelana nokufinyelela amasevisi.
- Yakha ubudlelwane bomphakathi kanye nesonto. Abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika banokuxhumana okuqinile nokholo lwabo nemiphakathi. Xhumana nezinhlangano zendawo zase-Afrika zaseMelika namasonto ukwakha ubudlelwane neziteshi zokuxhumana. Lezi zinsuku zizokhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezikhona njengokuqwashisa nokuhlonipha lezi zinsizakalo.
- Yenza umsebenzi wokuvimbela ukukhathazeka komnakekeli ngokunikeza izinsizakalo. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu base-Afrika baseMelika bangase bangabi nhlobo amathuba okusebenzisa usizo nokunakekelwa kwezinsizakalo, ingozi yokukhathazeka komnakekeli ibalulekile. Nikeza imfundo mayelana nokunakekelwa kokuphefumula kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezinsuku ezindala ukuze usize ugcine othandekayo ekhaya bese unciphisa ithuba lomnakekeli okhululekile .
Izwi elivela
Ukusabalalisa ngokweqile komqondo emiphakathini yase-Afrika yaseMelika kuyaphawuleka futhi, njengabasebenzi bezempilo, abangani nomakhelwane, kudinga isenzo. Kungaba lukhuni njengoba siqala ukuqonda le nkinga, kodwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa nokwabelana ngalelo lwazi nabanye kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esinamandla futhi esilula esingayithatha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Alzheimer's Association. AmaMelika aseMelika kanye ne-Alzheimer's. http://www.alz.org/africanamerican/
> I-Alzheimer's Association International Conference. 2017. Ucwaningo ezine luqokomisa ukungalingani ngokobuhlanga ekungeneni kwengqondo kanye nezigameko. https://www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2017/AAIC17-Sun-briefing-racial-disparities.asp
> American Heart Association. Ama-Afrika-America kanye Nesifo Senhliziyo, Isifo Sokushaya. Julayi 2015. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/I-HeartandStrokeNews/African-Americans-and-Isigaba-I-IMP_444863_Article.jsp#.WaGRJSiGPIU
> Barnes LL, uBennett DA. Izifo Ze-Alzheimer E-Afrika Yase-Afrika: Izingozi Nezinselele Ngekusasa. Izindaba zezempilo (Project Hope) . 2014; 33 (4): 580-586. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084964/
> Mayeda ER, Glymour MM, Quesenberry CP, Whitmer RA. Ukungalingani kokungaboni kahle komqondo phakathi kwezinhlanga eziyisithupha nezinhlanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-14. I-Alzheimer's & dementia: iphephandaba le-Alzheimers's Association . 2016; 12 (3): 216-224. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969071/
> Impilo yengqondo yaseMelika. Imiphakathi yaseMnyama ne-Afrika neMpilo Yengqondo. http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/african-american-mental-health
> I-US Bureau of the Census, "Inzuzo Nobumpofu e-United States: 2016. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf