Ukuxhumana komphakathi kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko (izinselele) ze-autism. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu osemgodleni usemusha noma omdala, okhuluma ngamazwi noma ongeyena, obesilisa noma wesifazane, uyobe esenesikhathi esinzima sokuqonda nokuphendula olimini lwezenhlalakahle kanye nezilimi.
Kubantu ekupheleni kakhudlwana kwe-spectrum, ukuxhumana nabantu kuyinselele kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kolimi olukhulunywe noma olubhalwe phansi kunganciphisa noma kungekho. Ukubambisana - ikhono lokunaka into ethile nomunye umuntu - kungase kubekwe eceleni. Kubantu abanamakhono amakhulu okuxhumana, izinkinga zihlanganisa ubunzima ngolimi lomzimba, ukuhlambalaza, inkulumo encane, ubudlelwane bezenhlalakahle, nokuqonda imithetho engabhalwanga ngokuzungezile lapho futhi nendlela yokuziveza ngayo ezimweni ezithile.
Amakhono Okucabanga Ezenhlalakahle
Nakuba ukukhulumisana kwezenhlalakahle kufanele kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke ingane ene-autism, "ukucabanga kwezenhlalakahle" kufundiswa kahle kakhulu ezinganeni ezikhuluma futhi ezikwazi ukukhuluma ngamazwi nangokwenhlalo nabangane abajwayele.
Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa "ukucabanga komphakathi" kubukeka kanjani? Cabanga ngalesi simo:
Ingane ihamba endlini yokudla. Uhamba emgqeni wesidlo sasemini ngokufanele, ukubonga abesifazane besidlo sasemini, ukhokhe imali yakhe futhi uthathe ushintsho lwakhe. Uhlala phansi, uqala ukudla, futhi ubonakala ejwayelekile kuze kufike elinye iqembu lezingane eduze naye.
Ngisho noma ngokucacile abahlose ukumfaka, uqala ukukhuluma nabo. Futhi ukukhuluma. Futhi ukukhuluma. Basuka ngokuqondile, kodwa uyazinaki - bexoxa njalo ngezibalo ze-baseball. Ekugcineni, ezinye izingane zihamba, zivula amehlo.
Lo mntwana, okutholakala ukuthi unesifo se-Asperger syndrome - noma i-autism ephezulu yokusebenza - unokuqonda kahle kakhulu "kwamakhono" omphakathi. Uyakwazi ukuphatha indlela yokudla kwasemini, ukuthi yini ongayisho, ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani imali.
Angakhetha isihlalo futhi adle ukudla kwakhe kwasemini. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekuphatheni ubudlelwane bomuntu, uhlala olwandle.
Okushiwo, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe uMichelle Garcia Winner, ukucabanga komphakathi kanye namakhono ahlobene nomphakathi. "I-Autism ukukhubazeka kokufunda komphakathi. [Ungafundiswa] ukukhiqiza ikhono, kodwa akwanele," kusho uWinner. "Thina ... sidinga ulwazi lomphakathi oluhambisana nekhono."
Ukufundisa ama-Social Cues
Ufundisa kanjani ingane ukuba "ufunde" izinkulumo zomphakathi ezifana nolimi lomzimba, ukubuka kwamehlo, ithoni yezwi, noma ukusondelana komzimba? Kunezinhlobo zamathuluzi abazali, abahlinzeki nabafundisi abangasebenzisa ukusiza.
- Izindaba zenhlalo yithuluzi elikhulu lokusiza izingane ukuphatha izimo ezithile. Lezi zindaba ezilula eziboniswayo ezibuka indawo entsha noma isipiliyoni, futhi uchaze ukuthi yini okufanele ulindele, ukuthi ingane kufanele iphathe kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinketho ezitholakalayo zokulawula ukukhathazeka noma ezinye izinkinga. Uma ingane isazi kakade ukuthi yini okufanele ibuke - nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ezimweni ezihlukahlukene - uyaphambi komdlalo.
- Amamodeli wevidiyo abe yithuluzi eliwusizo lokufundisa amakhono okucabanga social. Izingane ezine-autism zibonakala zifunda kangcono uma zifundiswa ngokuqondile, futhi amavidiyo angadalwa ngqo kumntwana ngamunye noma athengwe "eshalofini" ezimweni ezivamile.
- I-curricula yokucabanga kwezenhlalakahle, njenge-Winner's "Think Social" kanye ne "ILaugh" ifaka izifundo eziqondile zokubuka amehlo abantu, amahlombe, nokunyakaza ngezinkomba zokuthi kwenzekani ngempela emphakathini. Lezi zivame ukufundiswa esimweni seqembu, kungaba esikoleni noma kwenye indawo.
- Ukwelashwa kweDrama kuyinkambu entsha futhi ekhulayo. Abadokotela beDrama banikeza izingane ithuba lokuzama ukusebenzisana kwezenhlalakahle endaweni yokuphepha ephephile.
- Abacwaningi nabafundisi esikoleni bangasungula amathuba okuba nezingane nge-autism ukuze bahlanganyele emphakathini neontanga ezivamile, behlinzeka ngezesekelo futhi banikeze "ama-autopsies" ezakhayo emva kokuxhumana okunzima.
Ukucabanga komphakathi kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi bambalwa abantu - i-autistic noma cha-bazizwa ukuthi bayayibona kahle. Ngokusebenza nabahlinzeki bezokwelapha kanye nezilungiselelo zemvelo, besebenzisa amathuluzi afakazelwe, futhi usiza ingane yakho ukuthola amaqembu amsekelayo namandla akhe kanye nezithakazelo zakhe, noma kunjalo, ungasiza ingane yakho ukuba ithuthukise kakhulu ikhono layo lokucabanga kahle enhlalakahle isimo.
Izinsiza:
Ugogo, iThempeli noBarron, uSean. Imithetho Engabhalwanga Yobungane Bomphakathi. I-Future Horizons: Arlington, TX. C 2005
Ingxoxo noMichelle Garcia Winner, ngo-Okthoba 2007.
Winner, Michelle G. Cabanga Social! Ikharikhulamu Yokucabanga Yezenhlalakahle Kubafundi Abafunda Esikoleni. UMichelle Garcia Winner: California C 2005