U-Cindy Officer wasebenzela ama - Tutorial & Instructional Programs ye- Gallaudet University iminyaka engu-12, ehamba ngezikhundla ezehlukene evela kumThuthuli eya kuMeluleki Wezinsizakalo Zokusiza.
UCindy nabalingani bakhe bavame ukuthola izicelo ezifana nokuthi "Ngingatholaphi umfundisi? Ngingatholaphi umfundisi kumntwana oyisithulu?" futhi "Ingabe ukufundisa indawo yokuhlala efanelekayo isisebenzi esilalelekile?" Uhlinzeka ngamasu athile okuthola uhlobo oluhle lokufundisa nokunquma ukuthi ungathola kanjani ukufundisa.
Ukufundisa kuveza imiphumela. Abantu abathola ukufundiswa babonisa imikhuba yokufunda ephakeme, ukuzethemba okukhulu, namamaki angcono. Abantu abayizithulu nabanzima bokuzwa, ikakhulukazi, abaqeqeshwayo bavame ukukhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu emisebenzini yabo kanye namakhono okufunda. Yingakho izinsizakalo zokufundisa zibaluleke kakhulu. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola uhlobo oluhle lokusekela kokufundisa. Kuzodingeka usebenze ngezinqubo ezintathu:
- Khombisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokusekela okufundiswa oludingayo noma ingane yakho edinga;
- Hlela uhlelo lokufundisa;
- Hlela ukuthi uzothola kanjani lokhu kusekelwa.
Ukuhlola Ngaphandle "Ukusekelwa Kwezemfundo"
Ngaphambi kokufuna izinsizakalo zokufundisa, thatha isikhathi sokubona ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lokufundisa olulungile wena noma ingane yakho. Ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi, ukufundisa kusho ukuthi umuntu owaziyo, owaziwayo uhlale phansi nomfundi futhi amqeqesha ngokucophelela lo mfundi ngokusebenzisa izindawo eziyinselele yokufunda. Nokho, ukufundisa kungafika ngezindlela eziningi.
Nazi izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokufundisa:
- I-One-to-One / Personal Tutoring: I-Student ithola ukufundisa komuntu ngamunye kuya komfundisi.
- I-Tutoring yeqembu: Umfundi usebenza nabanye abafundi ezindaweni ezifanayo ngokuqondiswa komfundisi.
- I-Supplemental Aides: I-Student isebenzisa ama-tutorials noma izinsiza ezibukwayo ezisiza ekusizeni ukufunda isihloko (ama-CD, imidlalo, amavidiyo okufundisa, izincwadi zokusebenzela, iziqondiso zokufunda ezengeziwe, Amanothi kaCliff.)
- Ukufundisa oku-intanethi: Umfundi uhamba ku-intanethi ukuze athole ukufundisa. Ukufundisa kungenzeka ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa ikamelo lengxoxo noma ngokuthumela imibiko esheshayo. Abantu abaningi abayizithulu bafunda ukufundisa ngevidiyo namavidiyo webhubhu. Futhi, ukufundisa kungenzeka nge-e-mail lapho umfundi ezothumela umbuzo noma isampula yokubhala kumfundisi ozophendula nge-imeyili.
- Ama-Workshops, Training, Camps: Umfundi uhambela i-workshop, ukuqeqeshwa noma ikamu eligxile endaweni noma lapho afuna khona ukusebenza.
Ukuhlola uhlelo lokufundisa
Usuke ufike ngecebo lokufundisa okwamanje? Ukuba nezinketho kwenza ikamelo elengeziwe lokuxoxisana, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho usebenza nezinye izikhungo (izikole, ama-ejensi afundisayo, ukuvuselelwa kwezobuchwepheshe , abaqashi) abanganikeza noma bakhokhele ukusekelwa kokufundisa. Bheka izinketho ezingenhla ngaphambi kokuhlela uhlelo okholelwa ukuthi luyoba nenzuzo kuwe noma kumuntu owakhuthazayo.
Uma usungula uhlelo olucacile, luvimbela ukufundisa okuvela ekubeni yimithombo esele kwesokunxele kwabanye. Ngokuvamile kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhetha ukuxhaswa kokusekelwa kokufundisa okuzoba "uhlelo lokufundisa" lwakho. Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokufundisa zingasebenzisa umfundisi wokuphila we-semesters amabili enezinsiza ezengeziwe, noma ukubhalisa ekamu, bese ulandela ama-tutoring sessions amaviki ayisithupha.
Izinhlelo ezifana nalezi akudingeki zibe yinkimbinkimbi. Uma une-tutoring plan yakho, usulungele ukuthola izindlela zokufinyelela ekufundiseni.
Uma ufuna ukufundisa ingane, sicela ufunde isigaba esithi "Ukuthola IsiTatimende Sabantu abayizithulu noma abanzima bokuzwa ingane" ngezansi. Uma ufuna ukuzifundisa wena noma umuntu omdala, gxumela phansi kwesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuthola Tutoring for Oyizithulu noma Okunzima Ukuzwa Adult."
Ukufundiswa Izisulu Noma Ukulukhuni Ukuzwa Ingane
Ukwesekwa kokufundisa kwabafundi abayizithulu noma abanzima bokuzizwa kungadinga ukuklama okuthile. Izinsizakalo zokufundisa ziyahlukahluka kusuka kumbuso kuya esifundeni, ngisho nasuka kwesifunda kuya kwesifunda.
Ikhomishana yombiko wezithulu, i- Towards Equality: Imfundo yabathengi ithi ngokuyinhloko "Ukukhubazeka kokuzithulu kuvame ukuveza izidingo ezibalulekile neziyingqayizivele zemfundo zomntwana ngamunye. Izithiyo ezinkulu ekufundeni ezihambisana nezithulu zihlobene nolimi nokuxhumana, , futhi, kuthinta kakhulu izici eziningi zenqubo yezemfundo. "
Uma usuhlelo lokufundisa, usukulungele ukunquma ukuthi ungayithola kanjani indlela yokufundisa. Ikhwalithi yokufundisa ngokuvamile ixhomeke kumasevisi atholakalayo endaweni yakho. Ezinye izifunda zesikole zinikeza izinsizakalo ngenkathi ezinye izifunda zihlinzeka ngaphandle kweze.
- Uhlelo lwezemfundo oluzimele (i-IEP): Wonke umntwana osisithulu futhi onzima wokuzwa kusukela eneminyaka engama-3 ukuya ku-21 kufanele abe ne-IEP. Uhlelo lwakho lokufundisa lufanele lufakwe futhi luchazwe ku-IEP yengane. IEP kumele icacise ngokucacile ukuthi uhlelo lokufundisa luzosetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso ze-IEP yengane. Isikole kufanele sifike ngezindlela zokusiza ingane ukuba ifinyelele lezi zinhloso, ngokusekelwa ngokuqondile kokufundisa.
IEP kufanele ibe okuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka, ichaze ngokucacile uhlelo lwakho lokufundisa ukuze bobabili abazali nabafundi baqonde izinsizakalo esizosihlinzeka ngazo. Uma i-IEP isiphelile ngonyaka, abazali akudingeki balinde kuze kube mhlangano olandelayo we-IEP. Abazali bangacela omunye umhlangano we-add-on IEP nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuguqula imigomo bese ufake uhlelo lokufundisa.
Ngo-Meyi 21, 2007, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yanquma ukuthi abazali bangaphenya izikole ngaphandle kokumelelwa ngokomthetho, ukuhambisa okungasindisa imindeni ngemali eningi. Loku kuhumusha amathuba okuba abaqaphi bavikele ilungelo lomntanakho emfundweni. Uma ufuna ingane yakho ithole ukufundisa futhi isikole senqabe izinsizakalo zokufundisa ngokuqondile, khona-ke ungaba nezizathu zecala. Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukuqhubeka komthetho, qiniseka ukuthi ungenza kokubili okulandelayo:
- Bonisa ubufakazi bokuthi ingane yakho ibambezelekile noma ihlupheka ngaphandle kokufundisa. Kuzodingeka ube nobufakazi kubandakanya imiphumela yokuhlolwa komsebenzi, amamaki noma izincwadi ezivela kubafundisi.
- Khombisa ubufakazi bokuthi isikole sinqatshiwe noma siye sagwema izinketho zokufundisa. Qiniseka ukuthi isicelo sakho sokufundisa sifika ngokucacile kwi-IEP yengane yakho. (Uma kungasho lutho phakathi kwemigqa, "Abazali bangathanda ukuthi ingane yabo ibe nomfundisi ezikoleni ezingu-X," bese uqhubeka nokufakazela i-addendum ye-IEP ngokushesha.)
- Ama-Ofisi Wokuvikelwa Nezokuvikela: Uma ingane ingatholi izinsizakalo abazali noma ababheki abafuna kuzo esifundeni sesikole somntwana, abazali noma abaqaphi bangakwazi ukuqala imihlangano yezikhalazo ezisemthethweni. Kokubili iSigaba 504 soMthetho Wokuvuselelwa Ka-1973 no-IDEA (Abantu Abanempilo Yezokukhubazeka) kunezinhlelo zokuvikela abazali ngendlela yokunciphisa izinqumo zesifunda sesikole. Njengoba kuchaziwe "Ukufundisa Abangenangqondo Nokunzima Kokuzwa Ingane: Ukubheka Ngokomthetho" kusukela kuwebhusayithi yeClerc Center, wonke umbuso unesizinda esizimele "sokuvikela nokuvikela ihhovisi" elizokwazisa abazali ukuthi bangalungisa kanjani futhi baqhube kanjani ukulalela. Ezinye zala mahhovisi zimelela abazali mahhala.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwezemfundo (VR): Izingane ezifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala zingase zifanelekele ukuthola ukwesekwa kuhlelo lwabo lwe-VR yesifundazwe. I-VR isekela abantu ekuphishekeleni imisebenzi enenjongo, kuhlanganise nokufundisa. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-VR zigcina uhlu lwabafundisi. Hlola ukuthola ulwazi kuhlelo lwakho lwe-VR yesifunda bese uqala ukuthintana naye.
- Imisebenzi yezeMfundo ezongezelayo: Uma isikole esinesixhaso se-Title I siphumelele ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso ze-AYP Yonyaka Ongenelele (i-AYP) yeminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu, isikole siba yisikole esidinga futhi abafundi kulezi zikole bafanelekele izinsizakalo ezengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ukufundisa . Lokhu kungumphumela weNational Child Noft Behind Act (NCLB) kahulumeni. Ukuze uthole ukuthi izikole endaweni yakini zifanelekele izinsizakalo ezengeziwe, hlola i-www.greatschools.net noma shayela uMnyango Wezemfundo Wombuso wakho. Futhi hlola abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zakho ezivunyelwe nguhulumeni (SSP), okuvame ukutholakala kumawebhusayithi womnyango wezemfundo wesifundazwe. Laba bahlinzeki cishe bajwayele ezombangazwe zesifunda sakho esikoleni futhi bangakuleka ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola izinsizakalo zengane yakho.
- I-Tutor yangasese kanye nezikhungo zangasese zokufundisa: Ukufundisa kungabhekwa njengotshalomali lomuntu siqu. Ungakhokha umfundisi wangasese noma isevisi yokufundisa, ikakhulukazi uma amasevisi ebalulekile. Thintana nezikole zendawo zamasithulu, izakolishi zendawo kanye namayunivesithi, kanye nebhodi lesikole lokudlulisela phambili. Funa abaqeqeshi abangakwazi ukuxhumana kahle nengane yakho.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwezemfundo (VR): Kuyinto uhlelo lokuqashwa kwabantu abakhubazekile. Ungase uvumelekile ukuthola ukwesekwa kusuka ohlelweni lwakho lokuvuselela ukuVocational Vocational. Ngoba i-VR iklanyelwe ukusiza abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa baphishekele imisebenzi ehloniphekile, lokhu kuhlanganisa imali yokufundisa. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-VR zigcina uhlu lwabafundisi.
- Izikhungo zePostsecondary: Ukusekelwa kwezifundo kubantu abadala abayizithulu nabafundi abanzima ukuzwa ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu kumazikoleji amaningi, amanyuvesi, kanye nezindawo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi. Iningi lezikhungo ezise-post-secondary zinesikhungo sokubhala kanye nesikhungo sokufundisa lapho kuzokwazi ukuthola khona ukusekelwa okuhlukahlukene kokufundisa. Isibonelo, Izinhlelo Zokufundisa Nezifundo e-Gallaudet University yiprogram yokufundisa eqinisekisiwe ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemfundo yokukhululeka yamahhala abafundi baseGallaudet University, iningi labo abayizithulu noma abanzima ukuzwa.
- Izindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekayo ezivela kuMqashi wakho: Cela indawo efanelekile ngokusebenzisa umphathi wakho ongakunikeza ehhovisi lika-Equal Employment Office (ngezinye izikhathi i-Human Resources Office). Ngaphambi kokucela indawo yokuhlala, uvikele imibhalo ephelele (i-IEP endala, imibiko yezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, ubufakazi bezobuchwepheshe) obonisa isidingo sakho sokufundisa. Ungase futhi udinga ukukhombisa ubufakazi bokuthi ukufundisa kuzokuthuthukisa kanjani umsebenzi wakho wokusebenza. Umqashi wakho angase akhokhe ukusekelwa kokufundisa uma ungabonisa ukuthi indawo yokuhlala efanele noma ukuthi izokwenza ngcono ukusebenza komsebenzi.
- Izifundisi ezizimele kanye nezikhungo zokufundisa ezizimele: Cabanga ngokufundisa ngokutshala izimali siqu bese ukhokha ngaphandle kwe-pocket umfundisi wangasese noma isevisi yokufundisa. Hlola i-intanethi noma ibhuku lefoni ngezinketho zokufundisa okungenzeka. Futhi xhumana nezikole zezithulu, amakholeji namayunivesithi, izikhungo zamasithulu zokuthola ukuthunyelwa. Funa abaqeqeshi abangakwazi ukuxhumana nabo ngokuphumelelayo, noma nomuntu omdala owakhuthazayo.
Isiphetho
Khumbula, ukufundisa kuveza imiphumela, ikakhulukazi izithulu nabantu abanzima bokuzwa. Imikhuba yokufunda ithuthuka, ukuzethemba kuyakhuphuka futhi kwenza amamaki. Sekuyisikhathi eside ukufundiswa kwaba yisisekelo sokuthuthukisa amakhono esikoleni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweklasini noma indawo yokusebenzela. Njengoba uqala ukufuna ukwesekwa kokufundisa, khumbula ukuthi ukuthola uhlobo olufanele lokusekelwa kokufundisa kubalulekile njengokuthola izindlela zokukuthola.
Ukuthola Ukufundisa Abazizwa Abangenalutho noma Abanzima Ukuzwa
Umzamo wokuthola ukwesekwa kokufundisa kwabafundi abayizithulu nabanzima ukuvame ukuholela emiphumeleni evusa amadlingozi, ehambisana nenani elifanele "lokuxoshwa nokudonsa." Njengoba ukufundisa kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungaqondakali, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuvame ukuphenduka umdlalo wokulwa phakathi kwabahlinzeki abaqondayo kanye nabameli bomamukeli. Uma usulungiselele nge "plan plan yakho", ungafuna uhlobo oluhle lokusekela okufundiswa wena noma umuntu oyisithulu noma onzima wokuzwa.
Khumbula ukufundiswa kuxoxisana. Thola isisekelo sokusekela okulindele ukusithola, bese usetha uphawu lokubheka oluphakeme kunalokho othemba ukukuthola. Isibonelo, uma ukholelwa ukuthi amahora amathathu wokufundisa ngeviki angakusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho wokubhala, okuyisisekelo sakho. Khona-ke ubuza othile ukuthi akhokhele ukufundisa (umqashi, VR) amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngesonto. Lokhu kukunika amahora amahlanu engeziwe ukuze uxoxe ngawo.
Futhi, kufanele ulungiselele imihlangano ngamadokhumenti afanelekile, ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle nabantu abangakusiza (kufaka phakathi abantu abazonquma izidingo zakho zokufundisa - umphathi, izinsizakalo zabantu, noma umeluleki we-VR), futhi ugcine irekhodi elilotshiwe lezinkinga futhi ukukhathazeka. Ungacabangi okubi kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, qhubeka uxoxisana. Nakhu okunye okukhethwa kukho ukuzitholela i-tutoring noma umuntu oyisithulu noma onzima wokuzwa.