Ngenkathi ukugwinya kubhekwa njengento engenamandla, isenzo esicabangelayo, empeleni kuyindlela eqondile futhi edidiyelwe phakathi kwemisipha eminingi nezinzwa.
Yingakho izimo ze-neurological, ezibhekene nokulimala ebuchosheni, intambo yomgogodla noma izinzwa, zingabangela ubunzima bokugwinya (okuthiwa i-dysphagia).
Izimbangela Zezinzwa
Izimo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zezinzwa ezihlobene ne-dysphagia zifaka:
- Isibungu
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda
- Multiple sclerosis
- I-cerebral palsy
- I-Dementia
- Izicubu zobuchopho noma intambo yomgogodla
- Ukulimala kwesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho
- Izifo ze-motor neuron
- I-Myopathy
Kuye ngesimo esithile sezinzwa, umuntu angathola i-dysphagia ngezizathu eziyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, ngesifo, umuntu angase abe nobunzima bokugwinya ngoba kungase kube khona ukungabikho noma ukulibaziseka ukugwinya kwengqondo, imisipha ye-throat ebuthakathaka, nobunzima bokulawula ukunyakaza kolimi.
Esifweni sikaParkinson , i-dysphagia ingase ivele ekuphenduleni kokugwinya okuphuzile, kanye nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuphambanisa ulimi, lapho ulimi lomuntu luhamba ngokuphindaphindiwe nokuvimbela ukudla okushiya emlonyeni.
Izimpawu Nezinkinga
Ukwehlisa ubunzima kungabangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamathe, ukujikijela, ukukhwehlela noma ukukhipha ngesikhathi sokudla, ngisho nobunzima bokukhuluma noma izwi elihlabayo. Ukutheleleka kwamapayipi okuthiwa i- aspiration pneumonia kungase kwenzeke, njengoba kunokondleka nokungondleki kahle.
Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga ze-dysphagia, ukuhlolwa kokugula kwegazi ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kokugwinya okusemthethweni. Lokhu kungasiza ukukhomba i-dysphagia ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga.
Imigomo Yokuzivocavoca
Imithi eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukugwinya igxila ekuqiniseni imisipha nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sezinzwa nemisipha ehilelekile ekugwineni.
Eqinisweni, ukusebenzisa imisipha yakho yokugwinya kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokugwinya.
Ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca ongayenza ngenkulumo yakho bese ugwinya isiguli, ungaphinde uthuthukise umsebenzi wakho wokugwinya nokuzivocavoca ekhaya.
Nazi ezinye izigameko zokugwinya ezakhiwe ochwepheshe be-dysphagia rehabilitation experts.
I-Shaker Exercise
Ukuzivocavoca okulula kungaqinisa imisipha ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lakho lokugwinya.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, qamba phansi bese uphakamisa ikhanda lakho njengokungathi uzama ukulungisa amehlo akho ezinzwaneni zakho. Ngenkathi wenza lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ungaphakamisani amahlombe akho.
Kungcono ukwenza lo msebenzi izikhathi ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku okungenani amasonto ayisithupha. Uma ukwazi ukuyiphumelela ngempumelelo, khona-ke ungandisa isikhathi sokuphakamisa ikhanda ngalinye futhi ukwandise inani lokuphindaphinda.
Hyoid Lift Maneuver
Lokhu kusebenza kuzokusiza ukwakha ukugwinya amandla omzimba nokulawula.
Beka izingcezu ezimbalwa zephepha (mayelana no-intshi eyodwa ububanzi) phezu kwengubo noma ithawula. Bese ubeka utshani emlonyeni wakho bese ucela enye yezingxenye zephepha esiceleni sayo. Hlala uncelisa utshani ukuze ugcine iphepha elifakiwe, ulilethe indebe noma isitsha esifanayo bese uyeka ukusondla.
Lokhu kuzokhipha iphepha ngaphakathi kwesitsha.
Umgomo wakho kwiseshini ngayinye ukubeka izingcezu ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-10 ezingeni.
Mendelsohn Maneuver
Ukuzivocavoca okulula kuyasebenza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-reflex yokugwinya. Kuhilela ukugwinya amathe akho. Ngokwejwayelekile, njengoba umlenze ungena endaweni engemva komlomo wakho ngenkathi ugwinya, i-apula yakho ka-Adam (indawo enzima cishe engaphansi kwe-front of the neck yakho) isuka phezulu bese ihlehla phansi.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi, gcina i-apple yakho ka-Adam ikhanyiswe cishe imizuzwana emibili kuya emihlanu isikhathi ngasinye. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukunyakaza, ungagcina i-apple yakho ka-Adam ikhanyiswe ngeminwe yakho ekuqaleni.
Phinda lo msebenzi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku uze ukwazi ukulawula imisipha yakho yokugwinya ngaphandle kosizo ezandleni zakho.
Swallow Effortful
Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwemisipha ehlukene esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokugwinya.
Empeleni, lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukugwinya. Kodwa njengoba wenza kanjalo, kuzomele uzame ukucindezela zonke imisipha yokugwinya ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Awudingi ukugwinya ukudla ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba. Umgogodla owomile uzokwenza.
Yenza lo msebenzi izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kwezi-10, kathathu ngosuku ukuqinisa imisipha yakho.
I-Supraglottic Swallow
Kufanele uzame lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokudla kuqala. Njengoba uba ngcono ekusebenzeni, ungazama ngokudla kwangempela emlonyeni wakho.
Lo msebenzi uqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu ezilula:
- Okokuqala, thatha umoya ojulile
- Bamba umoya wakho, njengoba ugwinya
- Isikhwehlela sokususa noma yiziphi izinsalela zemali noma ukudla okungeke kwenzeke phansi kwezingcingo zakho zezwi
I-Super Supraglottic Swallow Maneuver
Lokhu kuvivinya kufana nomsebenzi ophakanyisiwe ochaziwe ngenhla, kodwa nge-twist eyengeziwe.
Ngemuva kokuba uthathe umoya ojulile, bethwala phansi ngenkathi ugwinya. Ukucindezela kudala usizo ngokugwinya futhi kwandisa amandla emisipha yakho yokugwinya.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena noma othandekayo unesifo se-dysphagia ngenxa yesifo sezinzwa, lezi zivivinyo zingathuthukisa ukugwinya nokusiza ukuvimbela ukufisa nokudla okungondleki.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuselela ukugwinya, umhlinzeki wakho angase futhi ancoma izinguquko zokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugwinya njengokusebenzisa utshani noma isipuni, ukuthatha izinhlamvu ezincane zokudla, noma ukusebenzisa i-thickener ukuze kutholakale iziphuzo ezincane.
> Imithombo:
> Hegland KW, i-Davenport PW, i-Brandimore AE, i-Singletary FF, iTroche MS. Ukuvuselelwa kokugwinya nokusebenza kokukhwehlela ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo: Isivivinyo sokuqeqeshwa kwamandla omzimba wokuphefumula. I-Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2016 Aug; 97 (8): 1345-51.
> Lembo AJ. (2017). I-drophagia ye-Oropharyngeal. I-Talley NJ, ed. Kusesikhathini. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.
> Izindophi L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clavé P. Imiphumela ye-xanthan gum-basedenerener ekusebenzeni kokugwinya kweziguli ezine-dysphagia. Ukudla Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Meyi; 39 (10): 1169-79.
> Tjaden K. Ukukhuluma nokugwinya kwesifo sikaParkinson. Ukubuyisela kabusha kwe-Geriatr ephezulu . 2008; 24 (2): 115-26.