Izifo zikaParkinson

Ngokuningiliziwe ngezifo zikaParkinson

Isifo sikaParkinson siqala ngenxa yokufa kwezingqamuzana ze-dopamine ezakhiqiza amangqamuzana ekhanda ebuchosheni. I-dopamine iyinhlangano ye-neurotransmitter ebalulekile (isithunywa samakhemikhali ebuchosheni) esiza ukulawula umsebenzi we-muscle. Ngakho-ke uma i-dopamine idlulile ebuchosheni, izimpawu ezifana nokuzamazama, ukuqina, nokuhamba ngezinkinga zenzeka.

> Amangqamuzana okukhiqiza i-Dopamine ebuchosheni asele esesifo sikaParkinson.

Ngenkathi isifo sikaParkinson sibhekwa njengento yokuhamba (motor) disorder, ochwepheshe manje bayaqaphela ukuthi kubangele nezimpawu ezingezona ezimoto ezifana nezinkinga zokulala, ukuqothulwa nokulahlekelwa iphunga.

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase zilandele izimpawu zemoto iminyaka eminingi, ngisho neminyaka emashumi.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isifo sikaParkinson yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ngokufunda amancane amancane ngolwazi ngalesi sifo sobuchopho, usuvele usendleleni yakho yokuphila kahle (noma ukusiza othandekayo) uphile kahle nayo.

Imbangela yezifo zikaPasinson

Nakuba imbangela eqondile yesifo somuntu ka-Parkinson ivame ukungaziwa, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo zomzimba kanye nemvelo yakhe.

• Ingabe i-Parkinson ithinta ukuphila okulindelwe?

• Indlela Yokunqoba Masking Facial in Izifo Parkinson

Izibonelo zokuchayeka kwemvelo ezingase zenze ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikaParkinson kumuntu obhekene nezifo ezithintekayo ngokwezakhi zofuzo kuyizibulala-zinambuzane noma impilo yasemaphandleni. Ezinye izifo ezingezinhle ze-Parkinson ziyakhula iminyaka yobudala nobulili (isifo sikaParkinson sivame kakhulu emadodeni).

Izimpawu zezifo zikaPasinson

Izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson zingaba yizicabango ekuqaleni-eqinisweni, zingase zingabonakali. Kodwa ekugcineni izimpawu zihamba kancane kancane.

Izimpawu Zezimoto Eziguleni ZasePasinson

Izimpawu ezine eziphawulekayo zezimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson yizi:

• Ukwesaba
• I-Bradykinesia (ukuhamba kancane)
• Ubuqotho
• Ukungaqondakali kwe-postural (ukungalingani)

Ukudabuka kwesifo sikaPasinson kuthiwa ngokuthi "ukugwedla ngamaphilisi" ngenxa yokuthi kubonakala kanjani-njengokungathi umuntu ugoqa iphilisi noma enye into encane phakathi kwesithupha nesithupha somunwe wakhe. Kubuye kuchazwe njengokuthuthumela kokuphumula ngoba kwenzeka uma ingxenye yomzimba (njengeyandla) ikhululekile futhi iphumula. Uma umuntu ehamba ngokunyakaza, njengokungena egilasini, ukuzamazama kunciphisa noma kuyanyamalala. Ukwethuka kungatholakala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi, njengonyawo noma umhlathi, futhi kuvame ukhathazeka ngokucindezeleka.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi ukuphumula kwesibindi kwenzeka eningi labo abanesifo sikaPasinson, asikho kuwo wonke umuntu.

I-Bradykinesia ichaza ukuthi umuntu wehlile ikhono lokuhambisa. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kungakhubaza ngokukhethekile. Umuntu angathuthuka kusuka ekubuneni ngokusebenzisa iminwe yakhe (isibonelo, ukuvula imbiza noma ukuthayipha) kunzima ukusebenzisa imilenze, okuholela ekutheni uqhubekele ngezinyathelo ezimfushane.

Ubuqotho bubhekisela ekuqineni kwemisipha nokumelana nokuphumula komzimba. Umuntu oqinile angase angaguquki izingalo zakhe kakhulu uma ehamba, noma angase avame ukushintsha noma ukugoba phambili.

Ubuqotho bungaba buhlungu, futhi lokhu kungenza nokuba nzima ukuhamba, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba.

Esinye isibonakaliso sesifo sikaParkinson yisimo sokungazinzi ngemva kwesikhathi-umqondo wokungalingani lapho usukuma. Lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukuvela kamuva ekuhambeni kwesifo sikaParkinson. Kumuntu onokungazinzi kokuthunyelwe kwangasese , i-poke encane engalweni ingaholela kubo.

Kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ezihlobene nezimoto esifundeni sikaParkinson, futhi ukutholakala kwabo kuyashintsha, okusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu othola izimpawu ezifanayo noma owenza ukuba abe nesilinganiso esifanayo. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu ezihlobene nemoto zihlanganisa:

• I-iso elinciphile likhanya
• Ukunciphisa ubuso obuso
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma nokugwinya
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-saliva ngokweqile
• Ukuqhakaziza iziqephu- lapho umuntu ezwa sengathi izinyawo zabo zihlelwe phansi noma ezansi zazo ziqhwa esihlalweni

Izimpawu ezingezona izimoto ezifweni zikaParkinson

Njengoba ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwesifo sikaParkinson luqhubeka, manje ochwepheshe begxila kakhulu emacinini angenayo imoto. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zikhungathekisa umuntu ngaphezu kwezimpawu zabo zezimoto, futhi zingaqala eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili.

Izibonelo zezimpawu ezingekho emotweni zesifo sikaParkinson zihlanganisa:

• Ama-Hallucinations (ngokuvamile okubukwayo) kanye / noma amaphutha
• Izinkinga zemizwelo ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka nokunganaki (ukulahleka kwesithakazelo nomzwelo)
• Izinkinga zokulala nokukhathala kwamalanga
• Izinkinga zengqondo nokuhlupha komqondo
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-Autonomic (isibonelo, ukwehla komfutho wegazi uma kumile noma ukuqotshwa)
• Ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo njengokunganqamuki nokugubha noma ubuhlungu
• Izinkinga zesikhumba (isibonelo, seborrheic dermatitis)
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zikaPasinson

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaParkinson kudinga ukuhlolwa okucophelele futhi okuphelele ngudokotela, ngokuvamile isazi sezinzwa , njengoba kungekho test slam dunk yegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yobuchopho. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kuqondile kubantu abathile, kungase kube nzima nakakhulu kwabanye, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezinye izimo zezempilo ezingezansi ezihlanganyela nezimpawu ezifanayo nesifo sikaParkinson.

Uma udokotela wakho esola isifo sikaParkinson, uzobuza imibuzo eminingana ngokulala, imizwelo, inkumbulo, izinkinga zokuhamba, nokuwa kwamanje.

• Ingabe Izingane Zami Zingazuza Izifo Zika-Parkinson Zami?

• Impact and Treatment of Ubungqabavu Emzimbeni KaPasinson

Uyophinde ahlole ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze ahlole ukuxilonga, amandla omzimba, nokulinganisela. Ungamangali uma ucabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyalwe ukulawula ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Kukhona nemigomo eqondile udokotela olandelayo ukuze ahlolwe isifo sikaParkinson. Isibonelo, esinye isisombululo esisekela ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaParkinson uma umuntu onempawu ezifana ne-Parkinson enomphumela ophawulekayo wezimpawu zakhe ngemuva kokuthatha i-levodopa (imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson).

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha ukuze unciphise izimpawu ukuze wena noma othandekayo wakho uphile kahle nayo.

Ukwelashwa Kwezimpawu Zezimoto

Ukunquma ukuthi uzoqala nini imithi yezibonakaliso zezimoto akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi okucacile ukuthi kuncike-kuxhomeke kumuntu futhi ukuthi izimbangela zabo zikhubaza kangakanani. Eqinisweni, ungase umangale uma ufunda ukuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala zesifo sikaParkinson, imithi ingase ingadingeki.

I-Carbidopa-levodopa, ehamba ngamagama okuthiwa yiSinemet noma i-Parcopa, iyimithi ehamba phambili futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu ku-Parkinson. I-Levodopa ishintshelwa i-dopamine ebuchosheni, okusiza ukubuyisela ukulawula imisipha. I-Carbidopa yenza i-levodopa iphumelele kakhulu ngokuyivimbela ukuba ingaguquki ibe yi-dopamine engaphandle kobuchopho.

Ukuphazamiseka kwalesi sifo esiphumelele kakhulu ukuthi uma umuntu esekhona kuwo iminyaka eminingi, kungase kungabi kuhle ekulawuleni izimpawu zezimoto-lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukugqoka" umphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza okungaqondakali kwakho kufana nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha noma ukujula (okuthiwa i-dyskinesia) kungenzeka ngemuva kokusebenzisa isikhathi eside i-levodopa.

I-Dopamine agonists njenge-Mirapex (pramipexole) ne-Requip (i-ropinirole) igqugquzela ama-dopamine-rececking-sites-in the brain, ekhohlisa ubuchopho ukuba bacabange ukuthi i-dopamine idinga ukuba umzimba uhambe. I-dopamine agonists ayisebenzisi kangcono kune-levodopa, futhi inemiphumela emibi eminingi engaba khona njengamabonakude okubukwayo, ukuhlaselwa kokulala (ukulala okukhulu), nokuziphatha okucindezelayo njengokugembula, ukudla, ukuthenga, noma ukuziphatha ngokocansi.

Lokhu kuthiwa, ngezinye izikhathi isifo se-dopamine agonists sisetshenziselwa izigaba zangaphambili zesifo sikaParkinson, sihlehlisela isidingo se-levodopa kuze kube yilapho esikoleni. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zesikhathi eside ze-levodopa njengomphumela wokugqoka "nokugqoka" okungahambisani nomzimba.

I-Monamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAO-B inhibitors) ifaka i-Eldepryl, i-Emsam, ne-Zelapar (selegiline) ne-Azilect (i-rasagiline), ephethe izimpawu zezimoto ngokuvimbela i-enzyme evame ukuvimbela i-dopamine ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvumela i-dopamine esebenzayo ukuthi ixhomeke ebuchosheni ngaphezulu.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-monamine oxidase inhibitors ukuthi akusebenzi ngendlela ephumelelayo njenge-levodopa kubantu abanesifo sikaPasinson, futhi bangakwazi ukuxhumana neminye imithi, njengezidakamizwa zokucindezeleka.

Ukugcizelela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi banganikeza inzuzo ekunqandeni izimpawu zezimoto ezinyathelweni zangaphambili zesifo sikaParkinson, ngokuyinhloko ukuthenga umuntu esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuqala i-levodopa.

I-COMT inhibitors njengo-Comtan (i-entacapone) nomsebenzi we-Tasmar (i-tolcapone) ngokukhulisa umphumela we-levodopa ebuchosheni (ngakho bathathwa nge-levodopa). Zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha abantu abahlangabezana nomphumela wokugqoka "wokugqoka" wokuba yi-levodopa isikhathi eside. Ukuqapha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibindi kuyadingeka uma umuntu e-Tasmar (isikhalazo).

Ama-anticholinergics afana no-Artane (trihexyphenidyl) no-Cogentin (benzotropine) anqunyelwe ukunciphisa ukungabikho kokuthuthumela kubantu abane-Parkinson's disease. Basebenza ngokukhulisa i-acetylcholine ebuchosheni.

Ukuphazamiseka ukuthi i-anticholinergics inemiphumela eningi engase ibe nemiphumela emibi njengombono onzima, umlomo owomile, ukugcina umchamo, ukuqotshwa, nokudideka (ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala). Ngenxa yalokhu, zigcinelwe kulabo bantu abanesifo sikaPasinson ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-70.

I-Symmetrel (i-amantadine) imithi elwa namagciwane esetshenziselwa isifo sokuqala sikaPasinson ukuphatha ukuthuthumela okunamandla nokuqina. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ihlanganisa umlomo owomile, ukuqothulwa, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala kwe-ankle, i-hallucinations ebonakalayo, nokudideka.

Ukwelashwa Kwezimpawu ezingekho Emotweni

Ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokunyakaza ezihambisana nesifo sikaParkinson yizimpawu ezibonakala zingabonakali ezinjengezinkinga zokulala, izinkinga zengqondo, nezinguquko zemizwelo, ezingathinta kabi izinga lomuntu lomuntu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu zokubhekana nabo.

Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka kuvamile kwisifo sikaParkinson, kodwa singaphathwa ngama-antidepressants asendabuko, njenge-serotonin e-reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe. Ukudemeka kwengqondo (izinkinga zokucabanga nezinkumbulo), isikhumba sesikhumba se-Exelon (rivastigmine) singabekwa.

I-hallucinations ne-psychosis ingabaphazamisa ngokukhethekile umuntu (nabathandekayo babo) abanesifo sika-Parkinson. Ukubhekana nalokhu, i-neurologist ingamisa noma iyanciphise umthamo wemithi yabo ka-Parkinson (isibonelo, i-levodopa). Ezimweni ezingathí sina zokucubungula, imithi yokwelashwa ingase ibekiwe.

Imithi yokwelashwa njengokukhuluma, ukusebenzisana nokusebenza ngokwemithi nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesifo sikaParkinson.

Ukukhushulwa kobuchopho obujulile

Ukukhushulwa kobuchopho obujulile kugcinwe kulabo abanesifo esikhuphukile sePasinson esinezibonakaliso zemoto ezingaphathwa kahle ngemithi. Kusebenza ngokukhethekile kubantu abaphikelela, abavimbela ukuthuthumela, nalabo abanokunyakaza okungalawuleki (okubizwa ngokuthi i-dyskinesia) noma ukushintshashintsha kwamandla ("ukuxuba nokuqeda" izimpawu), okuyizinkinga zokusebenzisa i-levodopa isikhathi eside.

Ukukhushulwa kobuchopho obujulile kuhlanganisa i-neurosurgeon yokufaka ucingo olujulile ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Le foni ixhunywe kudivayisi eqhutshwa ngebhethri ebizwa nge-neurostimulator, ebeka ngaphansi kwesikhumba esiseduze ne-collarbone. Amapayipi kagesi aphuma ku-neurostimulator (elawulwa yisiguli) akholelwa ukuthi ashintshela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi emgogodleni olawula ukunyakaza (ukunyakaza okuvamile okukhiqizwa esikhundleni sezinto ezingavamile, njengokuthuthumela).

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le ukwelapha okuhlinzekwayo akuwona ukwelashwa futhi awuvimbeli isifo somuntu sika-Parkinson ekuqhubekeni. Kukhona nezingozi ezinkulu ezihilelekile, okuqinisekisa ukuxoxa ngokucabangela nomuntu wesifo sezinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo nomndeni ngaphambi kokuyifaka.

Izwi kusuka

Isifo se-Parkinson yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi ("ukufa ngamangqamuzana obuchopho") ukuphazamiseka okuphazamisa nje ukuthi umuntu uhamba kanjani, kodwa nokuthi bacabanga kanjani, bazizwa kanjani, balele futhi baze baphuze. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingakhubaza, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa umthelela wazo empilweni yakho noma yomthandayo.

> Imithombo:

> Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson: izici zokwelashwa nokuxilongwa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 2008 Apr; 79 (4): 368-76.

> I-Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Uyini izifo zikaPasinson?

> I-Postuma RB. Imithetho ye-MDS yokuxilongwa kwemithi yesifo sikaParkinson. Hambisa ukuphazamiseka . 2015 Okthoba; 30 (12): 1591-601.

> Rao SS, Hofmann LA, Shakil A. Izifo zikaPasinson: Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Am Fam Physician . 2006 Dec 15; 74 (12): 2046-54.

> Wagle Shukla A, Okun MS. Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwesifo sikaParkinson: iziguli, izinhloso, amadivayisi, nezindlela. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan; 11 (1): 47-59.