Izingane zichitha iningi lamasonto azo evikini elikhulayo esikoleni ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi izikole ziyingxenye yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwengane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangaqeda ukufundisa izingane izifundo ezingalungile ngokunakekelwa kwempilo yabo noma ukwehlisa imikhuba yokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca abazali abazama ukufundisa izingane zabo. Esikhathini sokutadisha ukulinganisa isisindo nokuziphatha kwezingane ezihola kancane kusukela enkulisa kuze kufike ku-8th grade (ngo-2007), abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amantombazane adla ukudla kwasekuseni esikoleni ayenamaphesenti angama-70 aphezulu emzimbeni we-mass mass (BMI) kunabalingane bawo, ngenkathi amantombazane ayevame ukudla ukudla kwesikoleni ayephethe i-BMI ephezulu .65.
Ngokuphambene, abafana ababambe iqhaza emidlalo yezemidlalo babe ne-BMI eyayiyi -55 engaphansi kweontanga.
Ngenhlanhla, izindinganiso ezintsha zokudla esikoleni nezincomo zomsebenzi womzimba ziqala ukuhambisa izinto ngendlela efanele. Ukubuyekezwa kwamuva kokucwaninga ngezikhungo ezisekelwe esikoleni e-US nakwamanye amazwe kutholakale ukuthi ukungenelela okunempilo ezikoleni kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezinhle ezinganeni ze-BMI, amazinga okusebenza ngokomzimba, ulwazi lomsoco, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha kwabo kokudla. Lokhu kungenelela kuhluke kakhulu kokuqukethwe, okuphakamisa ukuthi indlela eyodwa-ifanelana-konke akudingekile ukwenza umthelela omuhle. Amasu ajwayelekile kakhulu ahlanganisa ukunikela ngezifundo zokufundisa, imidlalo yokufundisa (njengebhingo yezithelo nezitshalo), kanye namakilasi okupheka; ukuhlinzeka ngezivande ezisekelwe ezikoleni kanye namathuba okukhipha ukudla okunempilo; ukuthuthukisa izinga lokudla okunomsoco wezinketho zokudla esikoleni; futhi ukhuthaze umsebenzi owenziwe ngokwengeziwe.
Ukulungisa Isikole Sokudla KweSikole
Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo zamuva ezinikezwe ukukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo nokuzilolonga ezikoleni, ngenhloso yokugcina ukukhuluphala nokugula okungapheli. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuxhumanisa nokuhlola imigomo nemikhuba yokudla okunempilo nokusebenza ngokomzimba;
- Ukudala imvelo ehlinzeka ukufinyelela kokudla okunempilo kanye namathuba okusebenza ngokomzimba nokukhuthaza isithombe somzimba enempilo phakathi kwabafundi nabasebenzi;
- Ukuhlinzeka uhlelo oluhle lokudla esikolweni oluhambisana neziqondiso zokudla kwabaseMelika ;
- Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunzulu lwezemfundo (PE) kanye namathuba abantwana ukuba bahlanganyele emsebenzini ongaphandle kwekilasi le-PE;
- Ukuqalisa uhlelo lwemfundo yezempilo olukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo kanye namaphethini omsebenzi womzimba; futhi
- Ukunikeza ukwelulekwa nezinye izinsiza kubafundi abanezempilo, impilo yengqondo, kanye nezidingo ezihlobene nokudla.
Ngokuqondene nokudla esikoleni, amazinga amasha okudla okunomsoco kusuka ku-USDA ukucela izikole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zinikezwa izithelo nemifino nsuku zonke, ukudla okuphelele okugcwele okusanhlamvu, kanye nobisi olukhululekile noma obunamafutha aphansi, kanye kufaka phakathi amanoni angaphansi okugcwele, amafutha ashubile, ama-sodium, nama-calories aphelele ekudleni okulungiselelwe esikoleni.
Ukwenza lezi zinguquko kungasiza umzamo wokuvimbela ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi izingane eziya esikoleni ngaphandle kwezitolo zesikole noma imishayo yokuphuza zilinganiswa ukuba zidle amakholori angama-22 kuya kwangu-26 ngosuku ngosuku oluvela kushukela-ophuzi; Izingane zasesikoleni samabanga aphansi eziya ezikoleni ezinganikeli amaFries amaFulentshi ekudleni zidla ama-khalori ambalwa angu-43 ngosuku, kanti abafundi abafunda esikoleni esiphakeme izikole zabo abanganikeli ushukela-ophuzile basebenzisa amakholori angu-41 ngosuku.
Zonke lezi zinguquko zingangezela ekunciphiseni ukutholakala kwekhalori jikelele, engasiza ngemizamo yokulawula isisindo.
Ukuthola Okuningi Kwesikoleni Esikoleni
Izinhlelo ezandisa umsebenzi womzimba phakathi nosuku lwesikole nazo zingenza umehluko. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuhlukahluka kwamaphesenti angu-4.2 kwizikolo ze-BMI phakathi kwezingane zasesikoleni samabanga aphansi ezivela ezikoleni ezahlukene futhi baphetha ngokuthi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinguquko ingachazwa ngokungafani emisebenzini yezemfundo.
Ukwengeza ukunyakaza okuningi ngosuku lwesikoleni kungaba nomthelela omuhle wezinga lemisebenzi yabantwana futhi mhlawumbe isisindo sabo.
Esikhathini sokucwaninga okubandakanya izikole zomphakathi zase-New York City eziphakathi kuka-25, abacwaningi baqhathanisa imiphumela ye-Recess Improvement Program (REP), lapho abaqeqeshi behola khona izingane ngokusebenzisa imidlalo efanelekayo ukuze bakhulise umsebenzi wabo wokuzivocavoca, kanye nemisebenzi evamile yokuzivocavoca. Izinga lomsebenzi wokuzivocavoca ngamandla kwakungu-52 amaphesenti aphakeme ezikoleni ze-REP-futhi izingane zaqhubeka zihlanganyela ngokunyakaza okukhulu ngisho nalapho umqeqeshi engekho nxazonke, okukhombisa ukuguquka okuhlala njalo.
Ukwandisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwamakilasi e-PE nakho kungasiza. Esikhathini sokucwaninga okubandakanya izingane ezingaphezu kwesisindo esiphakeme esikoleni esiphakathi, abacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseWisconsin babela izingane ukuba zibheke ngokuphila, zigxile emzimbeni, noma ezifundweni ezijwayelekile zokuzivocavoca izinyanga ezingu-9. Ekupheleni kwalolu hlelo, labo abahlala ekilasini elibhekene nokuzivocavoca balahlekelwa amanye amafutha omzimba futhi bathola ukuqina komzimba futhi baphuthukise kakhulu ekuzileni kwabo kwamazinga e-insulin kunabantwana kwamanye amaqembu.
Ekugcineni, uma izikole zingabambisana nabazali nodokotela empini yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwengane, sizoba nethuba elingcono lokuwina impi. Uma isikole somntanakho singakaze sidle ukudla okunempilo, izinhlelo zokufundisa okunomsoco, umsebenzi omkhulu womzimba, kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuvuselela impilo, khuthaza i-PTA yakho ukuba ihlanganyele ekwenzeni kwenzeke.
Imithombo:
Briefel RR, Crepinsek MK, Cabili C, Wilson A, Gleason PM. Izindawo zokudla zesikole kanye nemikhuba zithinta ukuziphatha kokudla kwezingane zase-US zomphakathi. I-Journal ye-American Dietetic Association, ngoFebhuwari 2009 [Itholakele ku-intanethi ngo-14 Septhemba 2014]; 109 (2 Suppl): S91-107.
UCarrel AL, u-Clark RR, uPetererson SE, uNemeth BA, uSullivan J, Allen DB. Ukwenza ngcono ukufaneleka, ukubunjwa komzimba, nokuzwela kwe-insulini kubantwana abakhulu kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzivocavoca esikoleni: ukutadisha okungahleliwe nokulawulwa. I-Archives of Pediatrics & Medicine Adolescent, ngo-Okthoba 2005 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngoSepthemba 14, 2014]; 159 (10): 963-8.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukudla okunomsoco, umsebenzi womzimba nokukhuluphala: Izinkombandlela zezempilo zeSikole zokukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo nokusebenza komzimba. Ifinyeleleke ku-intanethi ngo-Septhemba 14, 2014.
I-Chin JJ, uLudwig D. Ukwandisa umsebenzi wezingane emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuphumula. I-American Journal of Health Public, July 2013 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngoSepthemba 14, 2014]; 103 (7): 1229-34.
Ickes MJ, McMullen J, Haider T, Ukungenelela Kwezinga Lokunciphisa Ubuntwana Kwamazinga AseManjo S .: Ukubuyekeza. I-International Journal of Environmental Research and Health Public, 2014 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngo-September 14, 2014]; 11 (9): 8940-8961.
I-Pallan MJ, i-Adab P, i-Sitch AJ, i-Aveyard P. Ingabe izici zomsebenzi zesikoleni ezihlobene nesimo sesisindo ezinganeni zasesikoleni samabanga aphansi? Ukuhlaziywa kwe-crosslevel cross sectional kwedatha yokuhlola okujwayelekile. Archives of Disease In Childhood, February 2014 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngoSepthemba 14, 2014]; 99 (2): 135-41.
Indaba M, Nanney MS, Schwartz MB. Izikole nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala: ukudala izindawo zesikole nezinqubomgomo zokugqugquzela ukudla okunempilo nokusebenza ngokomzimba. I-Milbank Q, Mashi 2009 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngo-Septhemba 14, 2014]; 87 (1): 71-100.
USDA, Ukudla Kwezikole: Izinhlelo Zokudla Kwezingane. Ifinyeleleke ku-intanethi ngo-Septhemba 14, 2014.
I-Vericker TC. Ukudla okuhlobene nesikole nokuziphatha komzimba kuhlotshaniswa nenkomba yomzimba womzimba. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, February 2014 [Itholakale ku-intanethi ngoSepthemba 14, 2014]; 114 (2): 250-6.