Iziningi ze-IQ Izingosi ezingalungile zezingane ezine-Autism
Esikhathini esiningi, izingane zezokwelapha kanye nezinye izici zithembele ekuhlolweni okufanayo kwe-IQ ukukala ukuhlakanipha kwazo zonke izingane. Ngokususelwa emiphumeleni evela kulawo mvivinyo, izingane eziningi ezine-autism ziye zahlolwa njengezihlakaniphile eziphansi.
Iziphumo zakamuva (nezivivinyo ezintsha), noma kunjalo, zisikisela ukuthi izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ze-intelligence, ngokusekelwe kolwazi oluqoqwe kusuka ezinganeni ezivamile, alufanelekile izingane ezine-autism.
Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi esiningi, izingane ze-autistic zithola ukuhlolwa okungalungile kwe-IQ okungase kuhanjiswe ngendlela engafanele.
Kufanele kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kube i-Administered kwazingane nge-Autism?
Izivivinyo ze-IQ ezijwayelekile zakhiwa nxazonke zokucabanga ukuthi abahlolwayo-abahlolwayo bangaqonda futhi basebenzise ulimi olukhulunywe ngezinga elifanele iminyaka. Izingane ezine-autism, noma kunjalo, cishe azikaze zibe namakhono okukhulumisana asezingeni elifanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi baqala ngengozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezine-autism zingase zisabele kabi esimweni esisha nomhloli ongaziwa. Ngisho nezimo ezingokomzimba ezicelwa ukuba zihlole (ngokuvamile igumbi enezibani ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo) zingakha izinselelo.
Ngokusho kukaJames Coplan, MD, udokotela wezingane othuthukayo kanye nomcwaningi onguchwepheshe we-autism, izivivinyo zezingqondo zezingane ezine-autism kufanele zenziwe yi "umuntu okhululekile futhi okwazi ukusebenza nezingane ezikumephu.
Ngubani oqonda ukuthi yini eyenza ingane ikhumbuze. Ezinye imibiko ibonakala sengathi ibhalwe phansi kwidisk disk. "
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingane ezine-autism azigcini nje ukuthi zithathwe noma zenze kahle ekuhlolweni kwe-IQ ngoba azikhathaleli kakhulu noma ziyazi ezinye izahlulelo nezilindele kwabanye.
Ukuhlinzeka abathuthukisi abangezona ezenhlalakahle , njengemiklomelo emincane yokuthobela, kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.
Abachwepheshe Benza Njani Ubuhlakani Bokungaqondile?
Njengoba izingane ezincane ze-autistic zivame ukungabi namuntu noma zikwazi ukukhuluma ulimi futhi ziphendule ngamazwi, uDkt. Coplan uthi izimpendulo zomlomo zingase zingabi yizinga elihle le-IQ, noma ikhono lomntwana lokuphatha ubudlelwane bomuntu siqu, ukufakelwa kwezinzwa noma amakhono emoto. Eqinisweni, uthi, "Ukuhlakanipha okungenabuntu yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ethonya umphumela."
Ulinganisela kanjani ukuhlakanipha okungenabani? UDkt. Coplan uncoma ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence (TONI), ethi izingane ezingenzi kahle ezivivinyweni zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zingenza kahle kakhulu kwi-TONI. Ukuhlolwa kubheka ngokuqondile lokho izingane ezikwazi ukwedlula ezinye izivivinyo - hhayi ukuthi izingane zingasebenzisa kanjani ulimi ukuxhumana lokho abazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kulawulwa ngokungenasibindi. Ngokubanzi, ukuhlolwa kuhlola izindawo ezine ze-intelligence:
- Ukuhlala unomphela (ukuqonda ukuthi into isaphila, ngisho nalapho ingabonakali)
- Ukusetshenziswa kweThuluzi
- Imbangela nomphumela
- Ukuxazululwa kwenkinga
- Amakhono adaptive
Ngonyaka owodwa, ingane kufanele ikhombise ukuthi uyayazi into ekhona, ngisho nalapho ingabonakali.
Imidlalo, njenge-peek-a-boo, ibe nenjongo kuleli phuzu.
Ngezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-14, kusho uDkt. Coplan, ingane kufanele ikwazi ukusebenzisa izinto njengamathuluzi, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilula futhi ubonise isithakazelo ekubambeni nasekusebenzeni. Izingane ezigunyazayo, noma kunjalo, zingenza zonke lezi zinto ngokuhlelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iCoplan ichaza umzali oyedwa ngokuthi, "Ingane yami isebenzisa izandla zami njengokungathi ziyizixhobo zokuhlinza." Ngeminyaka eyi-2, izingane kufanele zihlanganise izinto ezihlukene ukuze zibone ukuthi zenzani. Ukweqa nokulahla izibonakaliso zalolu hlobo lwentuthuko. UDkt. Coplan uthi: "Izingane ezivamile zizosebenzisa ulimi, kodwa amakhono afanelekayo (ukuqina, izingubo zokugqoka kanye nokunye, njll.) Yizo zonke izinkinga ezingaxazulula izinkinga ozithola ezinyangeni ezingu-36."
Ezinye izivivinyo ze-intelligence zilinganisa izici ezimbalwa zobuhlakani kodwa futhi zingasiza. I-Matrices ye-Raven iyivivinyo elifanako, elilinganisa ikhono lomntwana lokuqonda ukumelelwa kwendawo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bender Gestalt kuhilela ukukopisha izithombe (futhi kudinga ukukhishwa komzimba). Kuye ngendodana, lezi zivivinyo nezinye ezengeziwe zingasiza ekunqumeni uhlelo oluhle lokuphulukisa.
> Imithombo:
> Ingxoxo > noDkt. James Coplan, > May > 2008.
> Charman, T. et al. IQ ezinganeni ezine-autism spectrum disorders: idatha evela kwi-Special Needs ne-Autism Project (SNAP). I-Psychol Med. 2011 Mar; 41 (3): 619-27. i-doi: 10.1017 / S0033291710000991.
> USarris, uMarina. Ukulinganisa ukuhlakanipha ku-autism. I-Interactive Autism Network e-Kennedy Krieger Institute, ngo-Okthoba 2015.