Ukukhulumisana Okungaphezu Kokukhuluma
Abantu abanokuphazamiseka kwe-autism ye-spectrum bangase bangabi ngamazwi , bangase babe nenkulumo engakapheli, noma bangase bakhulume ngempela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhono abo omlomo, noma kunjalo, cishe wonke umuntu e-autism spectrum kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa inkulumo ekuxhumaneni komphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlangabezana nezinselele ezimbili: ubunzima babo ekuvezeni imibono efanele, kanye nobunzima bezinye ekuqondeni nasekwamukeleni.
Inkulumo Ekhuluma Ngokuxhumana Ngo-Autism
Kungani umuntu ongasebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywe angene ezinkingeni zokuxhumana nabantu? Kunezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, abantu abane-autism bavame ukusebenzisa inkulumo ngezindlela ze-idiosyncratic. Bangase bakhulume imigqa evela kumabhayisikobho, bakhulume ngokungapheli ngesihloko esithandayo, noma babuze imibuzo ukuthi bayayazi yini impendulo. Okwesibili, inkulumo iyingxenye eyodwa yokuxhumana komphakathi futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ulimi olukhulunywa alwanele.
Ukuze ukhulume ngempumelelo, iningi labantu lisetshenziselwa okuningi kunokukhuluma. Basebenzisa ulimi lomzimba (ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwamehlo, ukuzandla kwesandla, ukuma komzimba, njll), ulimi lwe-pragmatic (ukusetshenziswa komphakathi okunenjongo), amadijithi, i-slang, nekhono lokumisa ithoni, ivolumu, ne-prosody izwi). Lezi amathuluzi ezicashile zitshela abanye ukuthi siyaziqhenya noma sína, i-platonic noma i-amorous, nokunye okuningi.
Ukukhulumisana kudinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokukhuluma olulungile esimweni esithile (ukuhlonipha esikoleni, ngokukhululekile nabangani, njll).
Ukwenza iphutha kungabangela ukungaqondani okukhulu. Isibonelo, izwi elikhulu emngcwabeni lingahunyushwa njengokungahloniphi, kanti inkulumo enhle kakhulu esikoleni ingafundwa ngokuthi "nerdy."
Okwenza abantu abane-Autism babe nezinkinga zokuxhumana
Wonke amakhono ahilelekile ekukhulumisaneni kwezenhlalakahle afakazela ukuqonda okulindelekile kwezenhlalakahle zomphakathi, kanye nekhono lokuzijwayeza ngokusekelwe kulokho kuqonda.
Abantu abane-autism ngokuvamile abanakho amakhono.
Ngokuvamile, abantu abane- autism ephezulu yokusebenza (i- Asperger syndrome ) bazithola bekhungathekile lapho imizamo yabo yokuxhumana ihlangene nezilinganiso ezingenalutho noma ngisho nokuhleka. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo ngoba abantu abane-autism bangase babe nalokhu:
- Amaphethini wokukhuluma abambezelekile noma angavamile (izingane eziningi ze-autistic, ngokwesibonelo, khumbula ngekhanda izikripthi zevidyo bese uziphinda igama ngezwi ngezwi eliqondile lezinhlamvu ze-TV)
- I-intonation ephakeme noma ephansi
- Ukungabi slang noma "i-kidspeak"
- Ukubunzima ukuqonda ithoni yezwi nelimi lomzimba njengendlela yokuveza ukuhleka, ukuhleka, ukuhlekisa, njll.
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwamehlo
- Ukungakwazi ukuthatha umbono womunye (ukuzicabangela ngezicathulo zomunye umuntu). Lokhu kukhubazeka kuvame ukubhekwa njengokuntuleka kwe "mbono yengqondo."
Abantu abaningi abane-autism bayakwazi ukukhokhela izinkinga zokuxhumana zenhlalo ngokufunda imithetho namasu wokuxhumana okungcono komphakathi. Ngokuvamile, lamakhono afundiswa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kwenkulumo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi . Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi abane-autism bazohlale bezwakala futhi bebonakala behluke kakhulu kunontanga yabo.
Izinsiza zokwakha Amakhono Okuxhumana Komphakathi
Iningi lezingane ezine-autism (nabanye abantu abadala) zihlanganyela emithonjweni yokwelapha amakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
- Ukwelashwa kolimi-inkulumo kungagxila kuphela ekulimeni okulungile, kodwa futhi ekukhulumeni, enkulumweni elandelanayo, nakwezinye izici zenkulumo yesigceme
- I-Therapy Skills Therapy ingase ihlanganise nabantu abazimele emisebenzini yeqembu elidinga ukwenza ngokuhlanganyela, ukubambisana kanye namakhono ahlobene
Imithombo:
> I-Adams >, C. I-Intercommunication Intervention Project: isivivinyo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe sokusebenza kwenkulumo kanye nokwelapha ulimi lwezingane ezifunda esikoleni ezinenkinga yokukhulumisana nezokuxhumana nabantu noma ngaphandle kwe-autism spectrum disorder. I-Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012 May-Jun; 47 (3): 233-44.
> doi >: 10.1111 / j.1460-6984.2011.00146.x.
> Tierney, CD et al. 'Ngibheke lapho ngikhuluma nawe': ubufakazi nobuhlolo bokungenelela kwezenhlalakahle kubantwana abane-autism kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumana nabantu. I-Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014, 26 (2): 259-64. > doi >: 10.1097 / MOP.0000000000000075.