Igama elithi coma linamazwi asabekayo kubantu abaningi. Abantu abaningi baye bafunda cishe konke abakwaziyo nge-coma ngokubukela ithelevishini, lapho i-coma yisimo esivela kuzo zonke izibikezelo ezibukekayo kubabukeli nokuyisimangaliso kubalingiswa. Eqinisweni, kuye ngokuthi imbangela nobunzima be-coma, ukutakula kungacishe kuqinisekiswe noma kungenakwenzeka kakhulu.
Incazelo ye-coma yinoma yisiphi isimo lapho isiguli esingenalutho ngamehlo abo avaliwe futhi engakwazi ukuvuswa ngukuvuselela okunamandla noma okubuhlungu. Lokhu akuyona into efanayo nokulala ngoba ubuchopho abuyena umsebenzi ojwayelekile ohambisana nokulala ngesikhathi se-coma. Nakuba umuntu olele angase athuthe uma engakhululekile, umuntu ohambelana naye ngeke akwazi, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ze-umgogodla.
Qaphela ukuthi ngale ncazelo, odokotela bavame ukufaka abantu ngenhloso yokwenza njalo lapho besebenzisa i-anesthesia jikelele yenqubo yokuhlinzwa. Ngokufanayo, abantu abaningi ezibhedlela bathatha isikhathi eside ukukhipha izinto zabo zangaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezo zinto ziyimithi noma izifo. Kulezi zimo, singalindela ukuthi umuntu avuke lapho umzimba ekugcineni ugoqa ngokwesifo, imithi noma i-toxin.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo ze-coma okungeke kwenzeke ukuthi zivuke.
Ngokuphambene nalokho esasijwayele ukucabanga, amangqamuzana omzimba angakwazi ukuvuselela, kodwa enza kanjalo kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kancane kakhulu. Uma amangqamuzana anesisindo anele esifundeni esibalulekile ekugcineni ukuvuka, njenge-thalamus, i-brainstem, noma izindawo ezinkulu ze-cortex ye-cerebral, khona-ke lowo muntu cishe ngeke aphinde aphinde aphinde aqonde.
Ezinye Izizwe Zokungazi
Ngenkathi wonke umuntu ebonakala egxile ku-coma, kunezimo ezimbi nakakhulu kakhulu zokungazi lutho. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-coma zigcina zishintshwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-vegetative state. Nakuba iziguli ezinama-comatose zibonakala zilele, abantu abasesimweni sezitshalo baphinde baphinde bavuswe ngendlela engafanele, okuholela ekukhanyeni amehlo. Amehlo angase abuye ahambe, ebonakala ebuka izinto egumbini. Kodwa-ke, abantu abasesimweni semifino ababonisi ukuqwashisa kweqiniso ngokwabo noma imvelo yabo. Uma ubuchopho be-brainstem buhlala buqinile, izinhliziyo, amaphaphu, namapheshana amathumbu ziyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Uma lesi simo sithatha izinyanga, isiguli sibhekwa njengesimo sezulu esiphila njalo.
Ukufa kwengqondo yisimo esibi nakakhulu lapho imisebenzi ye-brainstem ihlehliswa khona ngesiguli esithandanayo, futhi umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula eyedwa. Ikhono lesiguli esingenalwazi lokukhulisa noma lokunciphisa isilinganiso senhliziyo yabo kufanelekile futhi lingathinteka. Kubekho amacala afakwe kahle abantu abathintekayo ngokunembile ngokufa kobuchopho abaye baphila nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthola okunembile. Nakuba udokotela oqeqeshiwe angakwazi ukuxilongwa ngokufa kwengqondo ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ngokomzimba kuphela, uma kunesifo esibucayi sesifo, ezinye imindeni zikhetha ukuhlolwa okungeziwe.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kombhede kungenziwa ngokuphelele futhi ngokunembile, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungabonakali ukukhombisa noma yiluphi ulwazi olusha noma oluthemba kakhulu. Uma i-autopsy isenziwa esigulini esibuchopho-esifile, amangqamuzana amaningi obuchopho ayobe esaba khona.
Izizwe Ezincane Eziqaphelayo
Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okukhulu kwezimo, izazi ze-neurologists zithemba ukuthola isibonakaliso ukuthi isiguli sabo empeleni ngeke sibe se-coma noma isimo semifino yangempela, kodwa kunesimo esincane sokuqaphela. I-Minimalally conscious states isalokhu ibonisa ukwehluleka okukhulu ekuqapheliseni, kodwa okungenani kukhona okuncane kokuqwashisa okugcinwe ngokuzimela komuntu noma imvelo ezungezile.
Lokhu kungaba ukukwazi ngokucacile ukuphindaphinda ukulandela imiyalo elula, ukunikeza ngokufanele / yebo izimpendulo ezifanele, ubonise ukuziphatha okunenjongo njengokumemeza okufanele noma ukukhala, noma ukulungisa izandla zabo ngobukhulu nokuma kwezinto ezigcinwe. Ngokuvamile, abantu abasemoyeni abaqaphelayo banemiphumela engcono kakhulu kuneziguli ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukunquma ukuthi umuntu ungumuntu owazi kahle noma u-coma kunzima kakhulu kunalokho umuntu angacabanga ekuqaleni. Umuntu onokuzithokozisa angase ahambe ngezindlela ezibonakala sengathi ziphapheme, zidukisa abangane nomndeni. Isibonelo, iziguli ezithandanayo zingase zithole imfucuza uma kusetshenziselwa isisindo esibuhlungu kumunwe noma ngomunwe. Bangase bavele babonakale bekhipha umlenze emuva ubuhlungu obunjalo. Kulokho okuthiwa i-Lazarus syndrome, ukucabangela okuqinile kakhulu kungaholela isiguli esiyinkimbinkimbi ukuba sihlale siqondile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpendulo ziyi-reflexes nje, efana nalokho okwenzeka emlenzeni wakho lapho i-neurologist igubha ngamadolo ngesando. Ukuhamba okunjalo akusho ukuthi umuntu uphapheme.
Ukuthola kusuka ku-Coma
Lapho abantu abaningi bebuza ukuthi ngabe othandekayo wabo use-coma, yini abayifunayo ngempela ukuthi ngokushesha isiguli sizovuka kanjani, uma kwenzeka. Njengoba ubonile, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela nobunzima besimo esingenalutho. Isibonelo, i-coma ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho obuhlungu ijwayele ukuhlaselwa okungcono kune-coma ngenxa yokuboshwa komzimba . Iziguli ezincane zivame ukwenza kangcono kunabantu abadala. Othile ekwenzeni izidakamizwa angase avuke ngokwemvelo njengoba izidakamizwa zisuswa ohlelweni lwawo, kanti othile onesihlungu esingokwengqondo esingapheli angathuthuka esimweni sokushukela semifino noma ngisho nokufa kwengqondo. Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu ehlala esazi lutho, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi aphinde aqaphele.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho neziqondiso ezingenhla zingaba yinto yokuqeda amandla. Izazi ze-neurologists zingenza izibikezelo ngekusasa, kodwa lokhu akufani ne-crystalal ball ball. Ngeshwa, indlela kuphela yokukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umuntu uzobuya yini ku-coma ukulinda isikhathi esilinganiselwe futhi ubone. Isikhathi esingakanani sokulinda singaba yisinqumo esinzima, kuxhomeke ezimweni ezihlukile zesiguli kanye nomndeni wabo, futhi kufanele zixoxwe ngokucophelela nalo lonke iqembu lezokwelapha.
Imithombo
- UJerome B. Posner noFred Plum. Ukuhlolwa kwePlum ne-Posner yokuHlola nokuComa. I-New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
- I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa Izimo Zemitholampilo. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002