Iziguli ezithola ukutheleleka kwe-Antiretroviral Progress Ngokushesha
Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kokubili ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kudlala indima ekunciphiseni imisebenzi yomzimba yomzimba. Empeleni, ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi utshwala lungase lusheshise ukukhula kwesifo se-HIV.
Lokhu kuyinkinga ngoba izibalo zibonisa nokuthi izinkinga zotshwala zivame kakhulu kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV) kunabanye abantu jikelele.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kusungulwe ukuthi ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala kunganciphisa imisebenzi eminingi ye-immune system, okuholela engozini yokwanda yezifo. Ezigulini eziphuza utshwala, inkambo evamile nokuxazulula kokubili ukutheleleka kwama-bacterial kanye negciwane kungenakukhubazeka kakhulu.
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi iziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinomlando wezinkinga zotshwala, ezithola ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral ephezulu (HAART), futhi okwamanje ziphuza, zinokuthuthuka okukhulu kwe-HIV kunelabo abangaphuzi.
Ukuphuza Utshwala Nomzimba Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni
I-Jeffrey H. Samet, onguprofesa wezokwelapha kanye nempilo yomphakathi e-Boston University, uthi: "Ingxenye yentshisekelo yethu ekuhloleni ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kotshwala nokutheleleka nge-HIV isekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo." "Esikhathini sokuhlala emadolobheni lapho ngisebenza khona, isibalo esikhulu seziguli - ezine-HIV noma ezingenayo, kodwa ngisho nangokwengeziwe negciwane lesandulela ngculaza - ziye zaba nezinkinga zotshwala."
"Emhlabeni ngaphambi kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, sazi ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala okungapheli kwaholela ezinkingeni ezivame ukuzivikela ekufakeni i-immunodeficiency ezifana nesifo sofuba nesifo se-pneumonia." Yebo, siyazi nokuthi i-HIV ihlasela amasosha omzimba, ngakho-ke ungafaka umbuzo othi, Kungenzeka yini lezizinto ezimbili - i-HIV nodakwa-ukuxhumana ngendlela ethile eyenza isimo somzimba sokuzivikela siphumelele kune-HIV kuphela? '"
Ukuphuza Kuphazamisa Ukunamathela Kwemithi
"Nakuba singakayiqondi ukuthi utshwala luthinta kanjani ngqo uhlelo lokuvikela omzimba olune-HIV lomuntu," wanezela u-Amy C. Justice, umcwaningi waseYunivesithi yasePittsburgh School of Medicine kanye ne-VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, "okungewona umuntu Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala obunzima kungakhuphula ngokushesha umthamo wegciwane, cishe ngokunciphisa ikhono lokubulala igciwane. "
Ubulungiswa bangezelele ukuthi imiphumela ephuzile yokuphuza utshwala nayo ibangelwe ukukhathazeka. Uthi: "Ukuphuza utshwala obudakamizwa kuyakwazi ukunciphisa ikhono lomuntu lokunamathela ekwelashweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi," kusho uNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo KwaZulu-Natal, "nokungahloniphi kwaziwa ngokuholela ekuthuthukeni kwesifo ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala luyaziwa ukuthi lukhuni izimo ezivamile ze-comorbid phakathi kwalabo abane-HIV, njenge- hepatitis C noma i-hepatitis B. engapheli "
Ukwandisa Izingozi Zobuthi
"Okokugcina, ukuphuza utshwala obuthakathaka kungase kuholele nasezingeni eliphezulu lezokwelapha ezidakayo ezivela ekwelashweni kwama-antiretroviral njengoba kokubili kungaba yingozi kulokhu kwesibindi somnyo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuza utshwala obunzima kungabangela ukungahloniphi ngisho nokuphela kokuphela kwe-antiretroviral therapy izindlela. "
Ukwelashwa kwamanje kwe-HIV, i-HAART, kuye kwaba negalelo ekunciphiseni okuqhubekayo ekufweni kwe-HIV nokufa.
Leli gama alisho ngokuqondile kunoma imuphi umuthi othile, kodwa kunomuthi omncane wemithi elwa nemishanguzo ye-antiretroviral eyaziwayo ukulwa ne-HIV, engokwesigaba sama-retrovirus.
Izinga eliphezulu ze-RNA, i-Lower Cell Counts
Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bahlola amadoda angama-349 (ama-276 noma amaphesenti angu-79; amaphesenti angama-73 noma angu-21 abesifazane) abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi abanomlando wezinkinga zotshwala. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HAART phakathi nenyanga edlule kunqunywe; njengoba kwakuwukusetshenziswa kotshwala, bese kuthiwa yikho, kulinganiswe, noma kuyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphawula okubili kwesifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwahlolwa: ama-CD4 cells counts, namazinga e-HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi phakathi kweziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinomlando wezinkinga zotshwala futhi abaphathwa nge-HAART, labo abadla ngokweqile noma engozini yobunotshwala babenezinga eliphezulu le-HIV RNA kanye nokubala okungaphansi kwe-CD4 cell, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababengazange ukuphuza. Akukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo okutholakala kumazinga e-HIV RNA noma izibalo ze-CD4 cells phakathi kweziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ezazidla utshwala kodwa zingekho ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.
Utshwala, i-HIV kanye Nendlela Yokudla Kwamathumbu
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngabantu abanesandulela ngculazi kungabangela isisetshenziswa somzimba sokuzivikela esibi kakhulu. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuxhuma okucacile phakathi kokuphuza utshwala, i-HIV kanye nokukhubazeka kwamagciwane emagatsheni omzimba lapho utshwala bulimaza khona emanzini emathunjini.
Lo monakalo ungabangela ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwesithiyo, nokuvuza kwamagciwane, okwakubonakala kuqinisa ukugqoka i-HIV emzimbeni, abacwaningi bakholelwa. Kunjalo nangomphumela wokuphuza utshwala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zomzimba we-mucosal - emathunjini, i-genital tract, namaphaphu.
Ukuphuza utshwala kulezo zicubu kungaholela ekudaleni isimo esingasondeza ukukhula kwezifo nokwandisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwegciwane .
Imithombo:
I-Bagby, i-GJ, ne-al. "Utshwala Nemiphumela Ye-HIV Emthonjeni Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni." Ukuphuza ngokweqile: Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola 2015
Molina, PE, et al. "Gxila Kulo Utshwala Nohlelo Lokuzivikela Emzimbeni." I-NIAAA: Utshwala Nempilo
Samet, JH, et al. "Ukusetshenziswa Kokuphuza Utshwala Ne-HIV Izifo: Ingabe Zihlobene?" Ukuphuza ngokweqile: Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola ngoMeyi 2003