Imithetho Yokuvimbela Ukuhamba Kwesikhathi Esifishane Kwezinsuku ezingu-90 noma ngaphansi
Kwango-2009 kuphela ukuthi i-United States ekugcineni yaqeda ukuvinjelwa kweminyaka engu-22 kwabahambi abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi , umthetho owenqabela bonke abantu abanegciwane ukuba bathole i-visa yezokuvakasha noma isimo sokuhlala unomphela. Lo myalelo, owaqalwa nguGeorge HW Bush ngo-2008, wasayinwa ngokomthetho waba yiBarack Obama ngo-Okthoba 30, 2009.
Ngenkathi kwenziwa imizamo yokuqeda imithetho efanayo emhlabeni wonke, i- Global Database mayelana nezithibelo zokuhamba nge-HIV (i-European joint initiative eshicilelwe yi-International AIDS Society) ibika ukuthi amazwe angu-66 ayaziwa ukuthi anemithetho ethile yokungena kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza .
Kulaba abangu-18 kuthiwa banemithetho engakwazi (noma kungenzeka ukuthi) ingathinta abahambeli abavakashela izinsuku ezingu-90 noma ngaphansi.
Izithibelo zokuhamba nge-HIV ku-Practice
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngokuvamile kunokuntula okucacile mayelana nale mithetho, abanye bengabhekisisani ne-HIV ngokuqondile (kuchaza kuphela "izifo ezithathelwanayo") noma hhayi ukuphoqelela imithetho yonke leyo, uma kunjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuhlinzekwe ngezansi kukhonjiswe ngokwezinto ezibonisa ukuthi ngabe isenzo "siyokwazi," "singakwazi" noma "senze".
Ngokufanayo, kukhona ukungabi nokucaca mayelana nokungeniswa kwezidambisigciwane-uma ngabe izidakamizwa zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu; kungakanani okungeniswa uma kuvunyelwe; noma uma ukutholakala okunjalo kunelungelo lokuphika ukungena.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kunconywa ukuba uhlale ukhuluma ne-consulate noma embassy nganoma yiziphi izindawo ezibalwe uma uhlela ukuvakashela.
Amazwe Anezivimbelo Zokungena Kwababantu Ababili Abavakashela I-HIV kanye Nezinye Izicelo ZamaVisa
| Izwe | Izivimbelo zezivakashi | Izithibelo zokuhlala | Isenzo (s) |
| I-Bhutan | Ayikho imfuneko yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV yabahambi abahlala ezinsukwini ezingu-14 noma ngaphansi. Izivakashi zokuhlala isikhathi eside zidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kugcwaliswe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokufika kwazo. | Izivakashi zokuhlala isikhathi eside zidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kugcwaliswe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokufika kwazo. | Ukwenqaba ukungena noma ukuthunjwa kungahle kwenzeke ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV. |
| I-Brunei | Akukho ukuhlolwa okugunyazayo kwabavakashi, kodwa labo abaziwa ukuthi banesandulela ngculazi bavunyelwe ukungena. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kunoma ubani ofaka isicelo somsebenzi noma isifundo se-visa./sub> | Ukuxoshwa uma i-HIV iqinisekiswa. |
| Equatorial Guinea | Ukuqinisekiswa kokugoma komfutho we-yellow fever kuyadingeka kubo bonke abahamba phambili (ikakhulukazi okubalulekile njengoba umgomo wokuphuza i-yellow fever akufanele usetshenziswe kulabo abanezibalo ze- CD4 ngaphansi kwe-200 noma i- HIV ephawulekayo ). Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV kungadingeka futhi. | Ukuqinisekiswa kokugoma komfutho we-yellow fever kuyadingeka kubo bonke abahamba phambili (ikakhulukazi okubalulekile njengoba umgomo wokuphuza i-yellow fever akufanele usetshenziswe kulabo abanezibalo ze- CD4 ngaphansi kwe-200 noma i-HIV ephawulekayo). Ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi sokuhlola esingenayo i-HIV kungadingeka futhi. | Isimo se-HIV singabangela ukwenqaba ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| I-Iran | Ayikho imingcele yabashayeli abavakashela izinyanga ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, abahambi baseNingizimu Afrika bangadingeka ukuthi bahlolwe i-HIV ngaphambi kokungena futhi kufanele baxhumane nombambano ngaphambi kokuhamba. | Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV okungadingeki kuyadingeka noma ubani ofaka isicelo somsebenzi noma i-visa yokuhlala. | I-Visas inganqatshwa uma umhambi ephethe i-HIV. |
| Iraq | Bonke abahlala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ku-laboratories kahulumeni. | Bonke abahlala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ku-laboratories kahulumeni. | Isimo se-HIV singabangela ukwenqaba ukungena noma ukuxoshwa (izidipikithi ezingabanjwanga). |
| Jordan | Abantu abanesandulela ngculazi bangenqatshwa ukungena ekulawulweni kwemingcele uma bethola ukuthi banesandulela ngculaza, kuhlanganise nokutholakala kwezidambisigciwane . | Izihambi ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu zidinga ukunikeza isiqiniseko sokuhlolwa kwe- HIV . | Abantu abanesandulela ngculaza bazophikwa ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| I-Kyrgystan | Akukho ukuhlola kwe-HIV okudingekayo ukuhlala kwezinsuku ezingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-30. Ukuhlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30 kudinga isimo sesimo se-HIV. | Ukuhlala izinsuku ezingama-30 kudinga imibhalo yesimo se-HIV. | Ukwenqaba ukungena noma ukuthunjwa kungaholela kubantu abane-HIV eyaziwa. |
| I-Papua New Guinea | Imibhalo yokwelapha ingadingeka, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV, kubo bonke abahambayo abaneminyaka engu-16 noma ngaphezulu. | Imibhalo yokwelapha ingadingeka, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV, kubo bonke abahambayo abaneminyaka engu-16 noma ngaphezulu. | Ukungena kunganqatshwa uma umhambi ephethe i-HIV. |
| Qatar | Abahambi abahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga badinga ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV eKatar. Awekho amadokhumenti avela kwamanye amazwe avunyelwe. | Abafakizicelo noma abafakizicelo be-visa kumele bahlole ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kungakapheli inyanga lapho befika endaweni yesifundazwe. | Noma ubani ohlola okuhle uzophikwa ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| I-Russia | Akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okudingekayo ukuze izivakashi zihlale zingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kulabo abafaka izicelo zokuhlala ama-visa amaningi. | Abantu abafaka isicelo somsebenzi kanye ne-visa yabafundi kumele babe nemiqulu yokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV ngaphambi kokungena. | Abantu abane-HIV banqatshelwe ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| ESingapore | Akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okudingekayo ukuze izivakashi zihlale izinsuku ezingu-30 noma ngaphansi. Izidambisigciwane ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kumele zivunywe yiSouth Science Science Authority (HAS). Amadokhumenti wokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV adingekayo kulabo abahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-30. Izitifiketi zangaphandle zamukelwe. | Amadokhumenti wokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV adingekayo ngaphambi kokungena. Izitifiketi zangaphandle zamukelwe. | Abantu abane-HIV banganqatshwa ukungena noma baxoshwa. Abashadile abane-HIV basezakhamuzi zaseSingapore bakhululekile. |
| Iziqhingi zaseSolomon | Imibhalo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV iyadingeka ukuze uhlale ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-90. | Imibhalo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV iyadingeka ukuze uhlale ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-90. | Abantu abane-HIV banganqatshwa ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| Sudan | Amadokhumenti okuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV angacelwa ukuze angene, ngokusho komthetho (nakuba lokhu kungase kungenzi ukusebenza ngokusebenzayo). | Amadokhumenti wokuhlolwa okungenayo i-HIV adingekayo ukuze ahlale isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezingu-90. | Umphumela we-HIV ungabangela ukuphika ukungena noma ukuxoshwa. |
| I-Suriname | Abantu abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMpumalanga Yurophu badinga isitifiketi sempilo esichaza ukungabi khona kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo. Ama-antiretrovirals avunyelwe ukungeniswa ukuze azisebenzise uma ehambisana nodokotela kadokotela. | Abantu abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMpumalanga Yurophu badinga isitifiketi sempilo esichaza ukungabi khona kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo . | Ukungena kunganqatshwa noma ukuxoshwa kungase kwenzeke kubantu abane-HIV. |
| Taiwan | Ayikho imingcele yezivakashi ezihlala izinyanga ezintathu. Izidambisigciwane zingeniswa ukuze zisebenzise. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kulabo abahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30 futhi banikezwa ekungeneni. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kulabo abahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-30 futhi banikezwa ekungeneni. | Abantu abaziwa ukuthi bane-HIV banqatshelwe ukungena, nalabo abanezivalo zokuhlala abazotholakala ukuthi bane-HIV bazonikezwa izinyanga ezintathu ukuba bahambe kuleli zwe. |
| I-Tunisia | Ayikho imikhawulo yezivakashi ezihlala ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30. Izidambisigciwane zokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu zivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, abahambi abahlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-30 bangadingeka ukuba bahlolwe i-HIV. | Abantu abafuna umsebenzi noma i-visa yabafundi kudingeka bahlolwe i-HIV. | Ayingcolile |
| IziTurkey naseCaicos Islands | Ayikho imikhawulo yezivakashi ezihlala ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30. Kodwa-ke, labo abahlela ukuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-30 kuyadingeka ukuba bahlolwe i-HIV ngemuva kokufika. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kulabo abafaka isicelo se-visa noma indawo yokuhlala. | Abantu abane-HIV abavunyelwe ukusebenza noma bahlale eziqhingini. Izithibelo eziya kubavakashi azicacile futhi zingase zingacindezelwa. |
| I-United Arab Emirates (UAE) | Azikho izidingo zokuhlola kwabavakashi, nakuba izidambisigciwane zingeniswe. | Ukuvivinywa kwe-HIV kudinga umsebenzi kanye nama-visas ahlala kuwo, okumele kwenziwe ku-UAE ngemuva kokufika. Imibhalo ye-HIV yangaphandle ayamukelekile. | Kulabo abadinga ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, umphumela we-HIV ungaholela ekunqatsheni ukungena. Noma yimuphi umfokazi otholakala kamuva ukuthi une-HIV angase athunyelwe futhi. |
Imithombo:
U-Preston, uJ. "U-Obama Uphakamisa Ukungena Ekungeneni Kwase-US ngabantu abane-HIV." I-New York Times; eshicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 30, 2009.
I-Global Database mayelana nezivimbelo zokuhamba nge-HIV. "Amazwe anomingcele yokuhlala isikhathi esifushane (