3 ku-5 Izifo ezithintekayo ezigulini ezingenamaqiniso Ukuqaphela isimo sabo
Esimweni sobugebengu, abahlengikazi bavame ukuhlola ukuthi ubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu wokudlulisela i-HIV ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengomthamo wegciwane lomuntu, ukuziphatha okungozini, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, njll. Ngokubhekana ngokuqinile nalezi zinto, ingozi kumuntu ngamunye kunganciphisa kakhulu.
Kusukela embonweni osuselwe kubantu, abacwaningi bayakwazi ukwenza okufanayo ngokuqaphela ingozi yokudlulisela ngokusekelwe kwezwe langempela, idatha ye-epidemiological.
Lokho abakutholile ukuthi enye into eyodwa, ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye, ihlotshaniswa nengozi yokudlulisela phansi: ukuhlala nokuhlala ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha.
Eqinisweni, ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral (ART) , ukubona njalo udokotela okungaphezu kwesigamu sokudlulisa i-HIV uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu otholwe.
Ingozi yokudlulisa i-HIV ngesigaba sokunakekelwa
Abacwaningi be-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e-Atlanta bavele benza imodeli ngokusebenzisa idatha evela ohlelweni lukazwelonke lwe-Surveillance System kanye ne-Medical Monitoring Project (MMP).
Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa amazinga okudlulisela asekelwe kokubili lapho umuntu ekhona khona okuthiwa i- HIV Care Continuum (okungukuthi, ngabe bahlolwe yini, banakekelwa, baphathwa ukwelashwa, njll) kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene ezingozini ezingafaka lowo muntu ingozi ephakeme noma ephansi yokudluliselwa.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-1 150 000 abane-HIV bahlala e-US namuhla.
Kulabo, cishe:
- Amaphesenti angu-82 atholakala
- Amaphesenti angu-37 axhunyiwe futhi agcinwa ekunakekeleni
- Amaphesenti angu-33 ase-ART
- Amaphesenti angu-25 aphethwe yi- viral load
Ngokubhekisisa lezi zibalo ngemininingwane yokubhekwa kokudluliswa komkhondo kanye nezindlela zokungahleliwe ezivela eMMP, abacwaningi be-CDC bakwazi ukuveza ukuthi izinga lokudlulisela lonke e-US liyi-3.9 ezithunyelwa ngabangu-100 ngonyaka (100PYs).
Ukuqeda leso sibalo phansi ngesiteji sokunakekelwa, abacwaningi bakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi:
- Abantu abangatholakali nge-HIV banesilinganiso sokudluliswa kwezifo ezingu-6.6 ngamaphesenti angu-100 (cishe kabili isilinganiso esiphezulu).
- Abantu abatholiwe-ababengazi isimo sabo, kungakhathaliseki ukutheleleka nge-ART okungu-5.3 ngamaphesenti angu-100.
- Abantu abaye baxilongwa futhi bagcinwa ekunakekelwa badluliselwa izifo ezingu-2.6 ngamaphesenti angu-100.
- Abantu babeke ama-ART abangazange basuswe ngokugcwele 1.8 izifo ngamaphesenti angu-100.
- Abantu babeke ama-ART abaphethwe yi-viral kuphela ukuthi baphathwe izifo ezingu-0.4 kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-100.
Ngokombono wabantu, iningi lokudluliselwa kwamaphesenti (amaphesenti angu-58) abonakala emadodeni alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) . Futhi ngenkathi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-35-44 beba ngamaphesenti angama-34 kuwo wonke ama-transmissions, inani eliphakeme lokudluliselwa (6.2 ukutheleleka ngamaphesenti angu-100) kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abadala 25-34 .
Ngakho Lokho Kusitshela Kithina?
Kusukela kumbono womhlaba wangempela, lezi zibalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli ezinezinsizakalo ezingasabonakali, ezingenakutholakali zingase zibe nokuncishiswa kwamaphesenti angu-94 ekukhusheni kokudluliswa uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangatholakali. [Ukubeka umlingani ongathintekile nge- HIV ngaphambi kokushisa i-prophylaxis (i-PrEP) kunganciphisa ngisho leyo ngozi.]
Ehlangothini lwe-flip, izibalo zikhomba ukuthi, nakuba iziguli ezingatholakali zimelela amaphesenti angu-18 esamba se-HIV emazweni ase-US, zilandisa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 azo zonke izifo. Okubi nakakhulu, abantu abaqaphela ngokuphelele isimo sabo kodwa bahlala bexhunyiwe ukunakekelwa kwe-akhawunti ngenxa yesifo esithathelwanayo kwezintathu kuzo zonke izifo ezintsha ezinhlanu .
Ukusetshenziswa kweMMP okuqhubekayo kusekela lezi zibalo ngokuphetha ngokuthi amaphesenti angu-62 alabo abangatholakali bahlanganyele ngokobulili obuphansi kakhulu . Ngokuphambene nalokho, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-16 kuphela ase-ART babike ucansi olungenalo ikhondomu, kanti ngisho namaphesenti angaphansi (10.5%) agwemekile uma bengabonakali ngokuphelele.
Ngokufanayo, iziguli ezithintekayo kanye nalabo abakhuluma nge-ART babike ukuthi babe nabalingani ababili nabesilisa abathathu kwezocansi ngonyaka odlule, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangazange bahlolwe noma bahlolwe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa (abalingani abangu-8 kuya ku-8.8). Imiphumela efanayo yabonakala ezigulini ezijova izidakamizwa, ezinezingxenye ezingu-0.9 kuphela zalabo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zokubika izidakamizwa ze-ART uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-6.3 abangatholakali.
Ekugcineni, umlayezo wokuthatha ekhaya ulula: ukuhlala nokuhlala ekunakekelweni kubonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kwegcikwane le-HIV jikelele, ngaphezu kokunciphisa amathuba okudluliswa ngenkathi kuthatha ukwelashwa kwe-HIV , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakala ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi noma uhlobo lomuthi , kunciphisa ingozi ngokuqhubekayo Amaphesenti angu-30.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa nje nge-HIV kunganciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela umuntu ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-19, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuqwashisa kwedwa kungahle kuguqule ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye. Ngokuqinisekile indawo enhle yokuqala.
Ukuthola isayithi lokuhlola i-HIV noma ukutholakala nezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa nge-HIV esiseduzane nawe, vakashela indawo yokutholakala kwe-AIDSVu esetshenziswa yi-Rollins School of Health Public e-Emory University, noma uxhumane ne-HIV / AIDS endaweni yangakini, eminingi yayo iyatholakala amahora angu-24 usuku.
Imithombo:
Skarbinski J, Rosenberg E, Paz-Bailey G, et al. I-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmissions Esikhathini Sanye Sokunakekela Okuqhubekayo e-United States. I-Journal ye-American Medical Association Internal Medicine. 2015; 175 (4): 588-596.