Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Zokukhuleka Okungavamile Kwezingane
Izingane zibonakala zilimaza kalula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane encane ithatha izinyathelo zokuqala noma isenkulisa onzima-zihlala zonke isikhathi. Ngenhlanhla, nakuba abazali abaningi bekhathazeka ngokuthi lokhu ukulimala kuyisibonakaliso sokugula okubi, isikhathi esiningi sivamile.
Izimpawu ze-Bruising Normal kanye nokukhipha igazi
Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izingane ezinenkinga enkulu yokugaya igazi, njenge- hemophilia , kulabo abanokukhubazeka okulula lapho beqala ukuhamba futhi bahambahamba.
Ukulimala okuvame ukutholakala emakhanda wengane ngoba bavame ukugoba imilenze yabo ephansi ngokumelene nezinto njengoba zihamba noma zigijima; lezi zivunguvungu zivame ukuhlala phansi futhi ezincane kunesayizi sekota. Izingane ezincane zivame ukuthola izivunguvungu emabunzini abo ekuqhekezeni amakhanda abo futhi ziwe, futhi.
Iziphuzo eziphuza njalo ziyisinye isibonakaliso esivame ukukhuthaza abazali ukuba bacabange ukuthi ingane yabo inenkinga yokuphuma kwegazi, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinye izibonakaliso ezibalulwe ngezansi, izimpande ze-noseble zingavamile ezinganeni ezincane.
Ingabe Imbala Yombala?
Ngokuvamile lapho umuntu ephazamisa indawo ebomvu kuqala, ongase uyibone noma ungayiboni. Usuku noma ngaphezulu kamuva umbala obomvu obomvu noma umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiwuvame ukuzihlanganisa nokulimala kubonakala. Njengoba ukulimala kuphulukisa, kuphenduka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi futhi ophuzi ngaphambi kokunyamalala. Inqubo ingathatha amasonto amabili. Uma uqaphela ukulimaza kwengane yakho engalandeli leli phethini elingavamile noma ungaphilisi, lixoxisane nodokotela wezingane zakho.
Izimpawu Zokuqhaqhaza Okungajwayelekile Nokuzibulala
Izimpawu ezithile ezifana nobukhulu kanye nendawo yesikhukhula, noma isikhathi esithatha ukuphuma kwegazi, kungaba amafulegi abomvu okumele kuhlolwe futhi kuphazamiseke kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela. Lokhu kufaka:
- Imivimbo emikhulu ephakanyiswayo futhi ibonakale ingalingani nokulimala okwabangele. Isibonelo, ukulimaza okukhulu kakhulu kwe-bump encane etafuleni.
- Izivunguvungu ezingabonakali ezenzeka ngaphandle komlando wokuwa noma ukulimala.
- Ukudumazeka okubonakala sengathi kudlule isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa).
- Umlando womndeni wegazi noma ukulimala kalula emndenini. Izinkinga eziningi zokuphuma kwegazi, ezifana nesifo se-von Willebrand ne-hemophilia, ziyizo zofuzo, ngakho umlando womndeni wokugaya futhi ukulimala kalula kuzophakamisa izinsolo zokuthi ingane ingaba nenkinga efanayo yokuphuma.
- Ikhala legazi (epistaxis) elihlala isikhathi eside kunemizuzu engu-15, emva kokwelashwa okufanele ngokucindezelwa okuqondile.
- Ukuphuma ngokweqile ngemuva kwezinqubo zamazinyo noma ukuhlinzwa.
- Noma yiziphi izivunguvungu ezinganeni ezingakaqali ukuhamba, ukuhamba, noma ukuhamba okwamanje.
- Iphazamise ezindaweni ezingavamile, njengesifuba somntwana, emuva, izandla, indlebe, ubuso, noma izintambo.
- Entsha, isikhathi sokuya esikhathini esihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma esisindayo izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
Uvivinyo Lokungavamile Nokubhidliza
Iningi lezingane ezineziphazamiso ezijwayelekile ngeke lidingeke ukuhlolwa. Uma izivunguvungu zikhulu noma zihambisana nezinye izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise ukugula okukhipha igazi, ukuhlolwa kungase kudingeke.
Ukuvivinywa okuvamile kwezingane ezinokulimaza kungabandakanya:
- Gcwalisa inani legazi (CBC) . Ngaphandle kwamaseli noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namaseli amhlophe egazi , inani eliphelele legazi lizobonisa inani lamaplatelet ingane enakho, okubalulekile ekusizeni igazi ukuba livale.
- I-peripheral blood smear. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka igazi lezingane ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yamangqamuzana egazi wengane.
- I-PT ne-PTT, noma i- prothrombin isikhathi nesikhashana se-thromboplastin . Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi igazi lihle kangakanani futhi lize lisize ukuthi ingane ingaba nengculazi, njenge-hemophilia.
- I-Factor VIII, i-factor IX, ne-factor XI . Lezi zici ezithile zilahlekile noma zihlulekile ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hemophilia.
- I-Fibrinogen . Le protheyini esiza igazi ukugubha kanye nokuntuleka kuyoholela ekuphumeni kwegazi isikhathi eside.
- Isikhathi sokuphuza. Lokhu kuhlola kubheka ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
- I-PFA-100 platelet function function . Lolu luhlolo luhlola ukuthi amaplatelet asebenza kahle kanjani futhi ashintsha ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi esingaphansi kwegazi okwethenjelwa kuma-lab amaningi.
- Umsebenzi we-Ristocetin cofactor ne-Von Willebrand antigen. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ukukhomba isifo se-von Willebrand .
Ezinye Izimbangela Zokuqhaqhazela Nokuzibulala
Njengoba ingane yakho ifunda ukuhamba, cishe iyowela futhi iqhube izinto ezintweni eziningi, ithole imivimbo embalwa endleleni. Izingane ezindala zivame ukuba nezinxeba ezandleni nasemilenzeni yazo ngokudlala nokusebenza. Ukuphazamiseka kwalolu hlobo ngokuvamile akudingeki sikhathazeke ngakho. Ezinye izimbangela zokulimaza zingahlanganisa:
- Ukuphuka nokulimala. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukulimala kanzima kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Esikhundleni sokumane nje ubuke ubukhulu besisindo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi ngabe ukulimala kuhambisana yini nokulimala noma cha. Ngakho-ke ungalindela ukulimala okukhulu uma ingane yakho iphuma esihlahleni kunokuba ivele ihamba futhi iwele phansi.
- Ukuhlukumeza izingane. Ukuqhaqhazela izinsana, izivunguvungu ezingachazwanga, izivunguvungu ezindaweni ezingavamile (izingalo ezingaphezulu, izandla, izindlebe, intamo, izintambo, njll), futhi izibhamu ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, njengokumanga okukhulu, ukushisa ugwayi, noma uphawu lwebhande kungaba izibonakaliso zomntwana ukuhlukunyezwa.
- Isifo se-Von Willebrand. Lokhu kuyinto evamile, nakuba ngokuvamile elula, isifo esiyinkinga yokuphuma kwegazi esizobangela ukulimala okulula, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuphuma esikhathini esiqine, nokuphuma kwegazi emva kokuhlinzwa.
- Thrombocytopenia . Lona igama lomtholampilo lokubalwa kweplatelet eliphansi, okungabangelwa uma amapleletthi engakakhiqizwa, ayachithwa, noma uma ehlanganiswa ngepeni elikhulisiwe.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Isiyaluyalu se-autoimmune, i-ITP iholela ekuqhekekeni kwamaplatelets egazini ngama-antibodies kanye nesibalo esincane seplatelet. Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza , ngemuva kwalokho izingane ezincane ziqala ukuvuthwa okukhulu kanye ne-petechiae (amachashazi amancane aphuzi ngaphansi kwesikhumba).
- UHenoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Lesi sifo sokuzivikela ngculazi singabangela ubuhlungu besisu, izitofu ezigazini, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, nokukhwabanisa okuhlukile emakhondeni wengane, emilenzeni nasezintweni ezibukeka njengeziphazamiso (purpura).
- I-Hemophilia A (i-factor VIII ukuntuleka) noma i- hemophilia B (ukulahlekelwa kwe-factor IX). I-Hemophilia ivame ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba ingane ineminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu lapho izingane zingaba nokulimaza kalula, ukuphuma kwamalungu, noma ukuphuma ngokweqile ngemuva kwenqubo yokusika noma yamazinyo.
- I-leukemia . Ngaphezu kokulimala okulula, ukuphuma kwegazi, kanye nokubala okuphansi kweplatelet, izingane ezine-leukemia zivame ukuba nezinye izibonakaliso nezimpawu, njengokubalwa kwesibalo esiluhlaza, umkhuhlane, nokulahleka kwesisindo, isibonelo.
- Ukwehla kwe-Vitamin K. Akukhona okwanele ukuthi i- vitamin K1 noma i- vitamin K2, edingekayo ukuze ukuvalwa kwegazi ngenxa yendima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-prothrombin (i-clotting factor), ingaholela ezinkingeni zokugaya igazi.
- Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile. I-aspirin , imithi yokwelapha, kanye namanye ama-antibiotic angabangela ukulimala okungavamile noma ukuphaphaza.
Izwi elivela
Yize ngokuvamile ukulimala kuvamile ezinganeni, uma ingane yakho inokwephuza ngokweqile noma ukulimala kalula nezinye izibonakaliso zokugula kwegazi, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane zakho. Ukuhlola nokuhlolwa okuphelele kungafaka ingqondo yakho kalula noma kukusiza wena nodokotela wengane yakho ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokunakekela nokwelashwa oludingekayo.
Khumbula ukuthi izingane zilimaza njalo futhi kuvamile. Esikhathini esiningi, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.
> Imithombo
- > Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop H, Weitz J, Anastasi J. Hematology: Izimiso eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza, 6th ed . Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. 2013.
- > Kliegman RM, uStanton B, uSt. Geme J, uSchor NF. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics, 20th ed . Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. 2016.
- > Yee DL. Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia ezinganeni. Ku: UpToDate. I-Armsby C (ed). Kusesikhathini. 2016.