Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Mastectomy

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Iyini i-Mastectomy? Ukuhlinzwa Kuchazwe

I-mastectomy iyisisindo sokukhishwa kwesifuba.

Iningi lezinkinga zenziwa ngamantombazane njengendlela yokwelapha umdlavuza webele , nakuba amadoda angathuthukisa umdlavuza webele futhi adinga inqubo, futhi. Kwezinye izimo, i- lumpectomy ingase ibe enye indlela yokwelapha yokwelapha kulaba bantu. Labo abanomdlavuza webele omningi bangadinga i- mastectomy ye-bilateral , okuyinto ukususa ezinye noma zonke izicubu kuzo zombili amabele.

Amanye amadoda anesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- gynecomastia , lapho izicubu zesifuba zikhuphuka kakhulu, khetha i-mastectomy ngezinhloso zezimonyo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezibalo. Isinqumo sohlobo luni lwe-mastectomy okufanele lwenziwe kufanele lwenziwe ngosizo lwadokotela ohlinzayo owenza i-mastectomy, i-oncologist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo waseplastiki okwenza kabusha. Amanye amasu angase angakwazi ukucatshangwa, kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nobunzima bomdlavuza. Izidingo zomzwelo zesiguli kufanele nazo zilinganiswe.

Isinqumo sokuhlinzwa kokubelethwa kwesifuba kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-mastectomy. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kungahle kwenziwe ngemuva nje kwe-mastectomy noma ngosuku oluthile.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora amabili kuya kwezingu-3, ​​nakuba kungathatha isikhathi eside uma inqubo yokukhipha i- lymph nodes ihlelwe noma ukuhlinzwa okuvuselelwayo kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-mastectomy.

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I-Mastectomy elula (Ingqikithi ye-Mastectomy)

I-mastectomy elula, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mastectomy ephelele, iyinkqubo esusa zonke izicubu zesifuba sesifuba esithintekile. Ifomu ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokuhlinza, okubizwa ngokuthi i-mastectomy yendabuko, ihlanganisa nokususwa kwe-areola nengono. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzeka kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isikhumba kanye namasu okukhishwa kwezinsipho. Ibuye ishiya imisipha ngaphansi kwesifuba ishiyiwe.

Inqubo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-elliptical 6 kuya ku-8 amasentimitha ubude obuqala ngaphakathi kwebele, eduze kwesifuba sesifuba, futhi kuqhubekela phezulu nangaphandle ukuya emgqeni. Ukufakwa komzimba kungashintshwa futhi ukuze kususwe izicubu ezibomvu kusuka ezinkambisweni zangaphambilini, ezingathuthukisa umphumela wezithokozi uma ukuvuselelwa kuyadingeka.

Uma isisu sesifuba sisusiwe, ukuvuthwa kuvaliwe nge- sutures engabonakali, okuyinto umzimba uyayithatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma izitshalo ezisuswa ngesikhathi ihhovisi livakashela izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 emva kokuhlinzwa. Kungase kube nokukhipha, idivayisi esiza ukususa uketshezi oludlulayo emzimbeni ukukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, endaweni. I-drain izoba ngaphansi kwe-bandage ukuvikela indawo yokuhlinzekwa nokufakwa kwe-drain. Ezimweni eziningi, i-drain izosuswa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwehhovisi ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela.

Uma lolu hlobo lwe-mastectomy luhlanganiswa nenqubo eyengeziwe yokukhipha i- lymph nodes ngaphansi kwengalo okuthiwa i- mastectomy eguquguqukayo eguquliwe . Futhi, ingahle ibhanwe nenqubo yokuvuselela isifuba.

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I-Modified Mastectomy Eyashintshayo

I-mastectomy eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo uhlobo lwe-mastectomy ehlanganisa ukususwa kwazo zonke izicubu zesifuba kusukela esitheni esithintekile kanye nokususwa kwe-lymph node kusuka emgodini ohlangothini oluthintekile lomzimba. Lokhu kuvulwa kuhlanganisa ukukhipha kokubili ingono kanye ne-areola, kodwa ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu nezikhwama zokulondoloza ingono.

Njenge-mastectomy elula, inqubo yenziwa nge-inclining elliptical 6 kuya 8 amasentimitha ubude eqala ngaphakathi kwebele, eduze kwesifuba, futhi iqhubekela phambili nangaphandle ukuya e-armpit. Ukufakwa komzimba kungashintshwa futhi ukuze kususwe izicubu ezibomvu kusuka ezinkambisweni zangaphambilini, ezingathuthukisa umphumela wezithokozi uma ukuvuselelwa kuyadingeka.

Uma isisu sesifuba sisusiwe, ukufakwa kwesibindi kuvaliwe nge-sutures noma ama-staples angenakunyakaziswa asuswa ngesikhathi ehhovisi ehambela izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 emva kokuhlinzwa. Kungase kube nemvula ezindaweni ukuze kunciphise inani lokuvuvukala endaweni. Lezi zidonsa zimbozwe ngezingubo zokuvikela ukuze zivikele indawo yokucubungula kanye nokubeka ukufakwa. Ama-drain ngokuvamile asuswa ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela ngudokotela ohlinzayo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwehhovisi njalo emva kokuhlinzwa.

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I-Mastectomy Eyingozi (i-Halsted Mastectomy)

I-mastectomy enkulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Halsted mastectomy, akuyona inqubo evamile eyenziwa. Ngesikhathi lokhu kuhlinzwa kwakuyinkinga yokunakekelwa esikhathini esidlule, manje sekuyenziwa kuphela ezigulini eziye zaba nomdlavuza webele wesifuba oye wahlasela udonga lwamasipha ngaphansi kwezicubu zesifuba.

Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-mastectomy, i-mastectomy ekhululekile isusa zonke izicubu zesifuba sesifuba esithintekile. Iphinde isuse wonke amantombazane e- lymph ngaphansi kwengalo ethintekayo kanye nomsizi olele ngaphansi kwebele. Isikhumba kuphela esidingekayo ukuvala ukuchotshozwa kushiyiwe endaweni.

Le nqubo ayibhekwa njengadingekile kulabo abagula umdlavuza.

Lokhu kuhlinzekwa kubhekwe njengendlela yokuchithwa kakhulu kwezinqubo zemithi, okushiya izicubu ezincane kakhulu ngaphandle kwesikhumba phezu kwamathambo endle. Isibhamu esishiywe ngemuva kwalokhu kuhlinzeka ngamasentimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ubude, sinesikhumba esanele esisele ukuvala ukuhlanganiswa nge-sutures noma okuyisisekelo.

Udokotela ohlinzayo angase futhi afake izikhukhula ezindaweni zokuhlinza ukuthi, njengaleminye inqubo, izokhunjelwa ukuvikelwa bese kamuva isuswe udokotela ohlinzayo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwamahhovisi njalo.

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Izindlela Zokugaya I-Nipple- kanye ne-Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Amasu okugaya isikhumba nesikhumba angasetshenziswa ngokubambisana nokuhlinzwa okuningi kwe-mastectomy ukugcina isikhumba esiningi kunokwenziwa komzimba wendabuko. Isiqondiso esijwayelekile sokugcina isikhumba se-nipple, isola, nesinye isikhumba yilezi: Indawo yomdlavuza kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamamentimitha amabili kude nezicubu ezizogcinwa. Ngakho-ke, isiguli esinomdlavuza othinta isikhumba noma ingono angeke kube ngumuntu ozobhalelwa ukuba abe nezicubu ezigcinwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

I-Skin Sparing Mastectomy

Le nqubo igcina isikhumba sebele, kodwa hhayi ingono kanye ne-areola, esuswa. Izicubu zesifuba zisuswe ngaleyo ndawo. Kulabo besifazane abanamabele amakhulu, kungenziwa ukwenziwa okungeziwe ukuze kuvunywe izicubu zesifuba, kodwa iningi lesikhumba lisala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

I-Ingestion Yokumelana Ne-Mastectomy

Ukuchotshozwa kokususa izicubu zesifuba kwenziwa nxazonke ze -areola, ngaleyo ndlela igcina i-nipple ne-areola. Le nqubo, njengendlela yokwehlisa isikhumba, ingabangela ukucubungula okukhulu kunalokho okudingekayo kwinqubo yendabuko, ikakhulukazi uma isifuba sikhulu ngobukhulu.

Ingqikithi Yesikhumba Se-Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Le nqubo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mastectomy encane, ayigcini nje kuphela igcina isikhumba sesifuba kodwa ingono kanye ne-areola, futhi. Ukuchotshozwa kokukhipha izicubu zesifuba kungabekwa emkhombeni ngaphansi kwebele lapho kungabonakali khona kalula uma usuphilile, noma ukuqhuma kungenziwa eduze kwe-areola.

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Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-Mastectomy

Ukubuyiselwa ekuhlinzekeni kwe-mastectomy kuqala ku-PACU, noma ukuthumela i-anesthesia yokunakekelwa kweyunithi, lapho isiguli siqapha khona ngenkathi izidakamizwa ze- anesthesia ziphela. Emva kwalokho, isiguli siyiswe ekamelweni lesibhedlela lapho kungabhekwa khona ngezinkinga zamahora angu-34 kuya kwangu-48 emva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa, izinsuku zokuqala ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ziyoba buhlungu kunazo zonke, kanti ubuhlungu buba lula cishe usuku ngalunye emva kwalokho. Kungcono ukugwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi oluhlanganisa ukunyakaza, njengokusebenza, ngesikhathi sokutakula. Ukukhuphula kudikibala ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba kuphakamisa izingalo ngaphezulu kwekhanda, okungafaka umfutho ekugxileni futhi kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu.

Ukucindezeleka ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza wesifuba, noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, kuyinkinga yeziguli eziningi. Ukucindezeleka kungenza kube nzima ngesiguli ukuphola ekuhlinzeni noma ukuhlanganyela ekuthatheni izinqumo ezihlobene. Kungabuye kukhulise ukukhathala iziguli ezizizwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy kanye nemisebe. Kulula ukudibanisa izimpawu zokuthola kabusha okuvamile kusukela ekuhlinzekeni, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi kahle izimpawu zokucindezeleka .

Ngokwemvelo, isiguli esingenaso izinkinga zokuhlinzeka kufanele sikwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini onamandla kungakapheli amasonto ayisithupha ukuya kwangu-8, uma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungabangeli ukukhathala okukhulu. Ukubuyela ekuphileni kwezocansi emva kwe-mastectomy kufanele futhi kwenzeke ngaleso sikhathi uma ngabe ufisa.

Iziguli ezikhetha ukungayakhi kabusha zingadinga izidakamizwa ezenza ukulinganisela phakathi kwesifuba semvelo nesifuba esisusiwe. Kukhona imikhiqizo eminingi ye-mastectomy etholakalayo, ngokuyinhloko ku-intanethi, kufaka phakathi amabhuda, amafomu webele, kanye nokudoba.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzekwa, iziguli eziningi zinemithi yokwelashwa, i-chemotherapy noma inhlanganisela kokubili. Isinqumo sisekelwe ebuchosheni bomdlavuza, izifiso zesiguli kanye nombono we-oncologist.

> Imithombo:

> Ingculaza Yamabele Emadodeni. I-American Cancer Society

> Ukwelashwa Kwebele Ngomzimba Ngesiteji. I-American Cancer Society

> Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele. Isisekelo seSusan G. Komen

> Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka Kwabesifazane Abanomdlavuza Webele Wesifuba. Burgess, uCornelius, et al, i-British Medical Journal. 2005.

> Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Zokucindezeleka. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke.

> Ukwelashwa kwe-Radiation & You. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke