Ukuqonda Ukuqaphela

Ukuqaphela igama kungenye yalezo zinto ezibonakala zicacile kuze kube yilapho uzama ukuyichaza. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa leli gama ngokuhlukile. Ama-Psychologists akusho neze into efanayo uma ethi "ukuqonda" njengalapho i-Yoga Vedic ithi. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yobunzima bokuvumelana nalokho okushiwo igama, ukuqonda kuyinto engavamile yokuqonda.

Njengazinye izinto eziningi ekuphileni, ukuqaphela mhlawumbe kuqondwa kangcono uma kulahlekile. Ngokutadisha izimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokuqaphela ukunciphisa, izazi ze-neurologist zinganquma ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo namakhemikhali obuchopho kubalulekile ekulondolozeni uqaphile nokuqaphela indawo ozungezile.

Ngezinye izikhathi izazi ze-neurologists zikuthola kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa ukuqonda zibe izingxenye ezimbili ezahlukene. Isibonelo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi okuqukethwe komqondo kuqukethe amanethiwekhi e-neurological alawula ukuzwa, ukunyakaza, inkumbulo, nemzwelo. U-Arousal noma izinga lokuqonda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, luqukethe indlela oqaphile ngayo (isib. Uvuka noma cha), ikhono lakho lokunaka izinto (isib. Ngabe usafunda lokhu), nokuthi uyazi kanjani indawo okuzungezile (isb. ungazi ukuthi uphi futhi kuphi lapho ukhona).

I-Reticular Activating System

I-brainstem iphathelene nokukhulu okuzungezile njengesithupha sakho, kodwa iqukethe izakhiwo eziningi ezibalulekile zokuphefumula, ukuhamba, nokuhlala uphapheme futhi uqaphile.

Ama-neurotransmitters, njenge-norepinephrine, akhishwa yi-brainstem kuya cishe zonke ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, akhuthaza umsebenzi wezobuchopho.

Esinye sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlala siphapheme yisistimu esebenzayo yokusebenza (RAS) ku-brainstem. Isistimu esebenzayo yokuthola amandla ithola izimpawu ezivela kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zobuchopho, kuhlanganise nezindlela zokuzwela ezivela emthonjeni womgogodla (ngakho uvuke uma ungakhululekile).

I-RAS iphinde ithumele izimpawu ezivuselelayo ezindaweni eziningi kulo lonke ubuchopho. Isibonelo, i-RAS "ikhuluma" ne-basal forebrain, ebuye isetshenziselwe izimpawu ezishukumisayo kulo lonke i-cortex ye-cerebral. I-basal forebrain isebenzayo kokubili ngesikhathi sokuvuka futhi uma uphupha.

I-Hypothalamus

I-RAS iphinde ithumele izimpawu kwi- hypothalamus , elawula imisebenzi efana nokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi ibuye ikusize uhlale uphapheme ngokukhulula i-histamine. Iningi le-histamine lingaphandle kobuchopho, lapho lidlala indima ekuphenduleni kwemizwa kanye nezimpendulo zomzimba. Ngokushesha nje, ama-neurons aqukethe i-histamine nawo atholakale ebuchosheni, okusiza ukugcina uqaphile. Yingakho ukuthatha anti-histamines njengeBenadryl kungaholela ekuguleni.

I-Thalamus

I-RAS iphinde ikhulume ne-thalamus. Ngaphezu kokudlala indima ekulondolozeni ukuqapha okuvamile, i-thalamus isebenza njengesiteshi sokudlulisela ulwazi lolwazi olusondela ku-cortex ye-cerebral kanye nemiyalo ehamba emuva ukusuka ebuchosheni obuya emzimbeni. Uma i-thalamus ingadlulisi ulwazi oluzwayo ku-cortex, njenge-pinprick enyaweni, lowo muntu akaqapheli ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile nhlobo.

I-Cerebral Cortex

I-cortex ye-cerebral ihlanganisa ubuso bobuchopho futhi yilapho ulwazi oluningi lucutshungulwa khona.

Izindawo ezehlukene zolimi lokulawulwa kwe-cerebral cortex, imemori, ngisho nobuntu bakho. Nakuba nje ukulimaza ingxenye ye-cortex ye-cerebral kungase kungabikho ekulahlekelweni kolwazi, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuqwashisa ngengxenye yendawo oyikuyo.

Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abane- stroke noma enye i-lesion e-parietal yabo ye-lobe balahlekelwa ukuqwashisa ngakwesokunxele sendawo yabo yangaphandle, uphawu olubizwa ngokuthi ukunganaki. Uma ubuzwa ukuthi udwebe iwashi noma igumbi, bazokwehlisa kuphela ingxenye ngakwesokudla. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abantu abanakekelwayo abaqapheli ngisho nesandla sabo sobunxele, futhi uma isandla siphethwe phambi kwabo, bangase bathi bangabanye.

Lolu uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuqukethwe kokuqaphela, nakuba umuntu ehlala ephapheme ngokuphelele.

Ukulahlekelwa Ukuqaphela

Uma izifunda eziningi ezihlukene ze-cortex ye-cerebral zilimala, noma uma umuntu ehlupheka ngokulimala ku-thalamus noma ubuchopho bayo, lowo muntu angase angene e-coma. I-coma ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile kokuqaphela okungenakwenzeka ukuvusa umuntu. Izinto eziningi ezehlukene zingabangela i-coma, futhi amathuba okuthola ahlukahlukene ahlukene.

Ukutadisha ulwazi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuqwashisa kuxhomeke ekuhlanganiseni amanethiwekhi amanengi ahlangene ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ukuqonda okugcwele ukuqonda kungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba sikhuluma ngezici ezimbalwa zobuchopho obathintekayo ezingeni lomuntu lokuqwashisa noma ukuqapha, kufanele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi ukuqonda akungaphansi kokushintshwa "kokungena" ngaphandle kweshintsho "se-dimmer" nge-shades eminingi ehlukene . Abantu abanempilo badlula kulezi zikhathi zokuqwashisa nsuku zonke nasebusuku. Ukuqonda izinga lokuqaphela labo abangakwazi ukuphendula ngenxa yesifo sezinzwa kungase kube inselele ngokukhethekile.

_Imithombo:

_{UJerome B. Posner noFred Plum. Ukuhlolwa kwePlum ne-Posner yokuHlola nokuComa. I-New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.}

_{I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa Izimo Zemitholampilo. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002}