Uma ubuchopho beyi-corporation, i-hypothalamus yayiyoba uhlobo lomnyango "Utilities". Ngenkathi iningi lekhredithi nokunakwa kugxila ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezixhumana, ukudala, nokusebenza, i-hypothalamus inesibopho sokushisa, ukugeleza kwamanzi, nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo ezigcina uhlelo lonke lusebenza.
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo we-hypothalamus ungafingqwa ngegama elithi homeostasis, okusho ukugcina isimo sangaphakathi somzimba njengento njalo ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-hypothalamus isenza singabi nishisa kakhulu, sibanda kakhulu, sidlulele ngokweqile, siyancipha, sinomile futhi, njalonjalo.
Ngenkathi i-hypothalamus ngokuvamile inesibopho sokusigcina esimweni esifanele, kunezikhathi lapho le mbuso idinga ukuguqula. Uma usesimweni esisongela ukuphila ngokushesha, kungase kungadingeki ucabange ukuthi ulambile kangakanani. Isistimu ye-limbic, ehlotshiswe ngokujulile ngomzwelo, ikhuluma ngokuseduze ne-hypothalamus, okuholela ekushintsheni okwenyama okuhlotshaniswa nemizwa ethile. I-amygdala inexhumano lokuphindaphindiwe ne-hypothalamus ngokusebenzisa okungenani izindlela ezimbili ezinkulu. Ezinye izifunda ze-cortex, njenge- cortex ye-orbitofrontal , i-insula, i-cortices yangaphakathi ne-cortices yangaphakathi futhi ixhumana ne-hypothalamus.
Izifunda ze-Hypothalamus
Njengawo wonke ubuchopho, izindawo ezahlukene ze hypothalamus zenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Lezi zindawo zingahlukaniswa ngokuxhumana kwazo nabo bonke ubuchopho.
Isibonelo, i-hypothalamus ihlukaniswe ngesigamu ngamafayili ephepha elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuthi i-fornix, egijima phambi kwe-hypothalamus emhlane. Izingxenye ze-hypothalamus eziseduze nengaphakathi lobuchopho (ohlangothini lwangaphakathi) zixhumana eduze nengxenye ye-amygdala ngomunye umuthi okuthiwa i-stria terminalis.
I-amygdala isiza ukuveza ukwesaba, futhi isici sendawo ye-hypothalamus sihilelekile ekuphenduleni "ukulwa noma ukushayela," isibonelo ngokunciphisa ukudla. Asikho isikhathi sokuphumula nokumba uma usuzogijima impilo yakho!
Ohlangothini lwe-hypothalamus eliseduze nongaphandle kobuchopho (ohlangothini lwe-lateral) lunomthelela ohlukile wokudla. Ngenxa yokuthi le ndawo ibalulekile ekuvuseleleni ukudla, izilonda kule ndawo zingaholela ekunciphiseni umzimba. Le ndawo ibalulekile nakomile, njengoba izilonda ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili zingabangela ukuncipha kwamanzi.
Ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus kubuye kuhlukaniswe kusukela phambili kuya emuva. Isibonelo, izingxenye zangaphakathi ze-hypothalamus zibonakala zihileleke kakhulu ekupholiseni umzimba ngokukhuphula ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni futhi kubangele ukuthuthumela kukhishwe. Ingemuva ye-hypothalamus ihileleke kakhulu ekugcineni umzimba ufudumele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hypothalamus inesibopho sokulawula umjikelezo wethu wemvelo wokuvuka nokulala. I -nucleus ephezulu ye-hyperhalamus isebenza njengewashi lethu langaphakathi, lisitshele uma lilala. Le ngxenye yobuchopho ixhunywe nezifunda ezikhanyayo ezilungisa iwashi langaphakathi langaphakathi.
I-Hypothalamus "Ikhuluma" Kanjani Nomzimba?
I-hypothalamus ihlunga izimpendulo zomzimba ngokuxhumana nomzimba ngemizila emibili. Umzila wokuqala ungena kwisistimu ye-neon autonomic . Okwesibili kungukuthi uhlelo lwe-endocrine, okusho ukuthi ukuvimba kwama-hormone kungena egazini.
Izindwangu ezigunyazwa ngokuyinhloko zivela nucleus yomsindo we-hypothalamus, kodwa futhi zivela ku-nucleus ye-hypothalamic ye-dorsomedial kanye ne-hypothalamus yangemuva kanye ne-posterior. Ekuqaleni, lezi zinkimbinkimbi ezizimele zihamba ngendlela ehlanzekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-medial forebrain. Bese bedlulela e-dorsolateral brainstem ne-periaqueductal grey indaba.
Amafayili ahlanganisa i-nuclei ye-parasympathetic engxenyeni ye-brainstem kanye nendawo ephakathi kwe-strral umgogodla, kanye nozwela ku-intermediolateral cell column ye-thoracolumbar intambo yomgogodla. I-nuclei eminingi yokuzimela e-brainstem ithola imiphumela evela ku-hypothalamus, njenge-nucleus solitarius, i-noradrenergic nuclei, i-raphe nucleus, nokubunjwa kwe-pticomedullary.
I-hypothalamus isebenza ngokubambisana ne-pituitary gland ukulawula isimiso se-endocrine yomzimba. I-pituitary inamandla okufaka ama-hormone ngqo egazini. Lesi yisibonelo esingavamile sendawo lapho ukuvinjelwa kwegazi-ebuchosheni okuvame ukuklanywa ukuze kugcinwe ukutheleleka ekungeneni ebuchosheni akukho okwakhiwa kobuchopho. Amanye ama-hormone, afana ne-oxytocin ne- vasopressin, ayenziwa ngokuqondile kwi-hypothalamus (egumbini le-paraventricular ne-supraoptic nuclei, isibonelo), futhi efihliwe eduze kwe-pituitary. Ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-pituitary iqukethe amaseli enza ama-hormone awo. Lawa mahomoni alawulwa yizinye izivimbe zezinzwa ezidluliselwa ngaphansi kwezingulube zezinzwa zibe iplexus ye-vascular, lapho zikhishwa khona ngegazi. Zonke lezi zingqinamba ze-hormone zilawulwa yizimpendulo ezingalungile, okusho ukuthi ubuchopho buyakwazi ukubona uma amazinga we-hormone ephakeme futhi anciphisa ukukhiqizwa njengomphumela.
Lokhu kungase kubonakale kunzima kakhulu, futhi kunjalo. Kodwa umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu we-homeostasis ngisho nalapho ubhekene nobunzima kuwufanelekile!
Imithombo
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa ama-Clinical Cases. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
I-Ropper AH, ama-Samuels MA. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.