Ukuvikela Ama-Lawsuits
Umshuwalense wokukhwabanisa, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi umshuwalense wemfanelo yezokwelapha, uhlobo oluthile lomshwalense wemfanelo oqeqeshiwe ovikela odokotela nabanye abaqeqeshiwe bezempilo (isib. Udokotela wamazinyo, umhlengikazi) ovela emithwalweni ehambisana nokuziphatha okungalungile okubangelwa ukulimala komzimba, izindleko zezokwelapha kanye nomonakalo wendawo, njengoba kanye nezindleko zokuvikela amacala ahlobene nezicelo ezinjalo .
Inqubomgomo yomshwalense engasebenzi kahle ihlanganisa ukulimala komzimba noma ukulimala kwempahla kanye nokuzilimaza komuntu siqu njengokukhathazeka kwengqondo. Ukuncintisana okuhilelekile ekutholeni ukunganaki kubangelwa amaphesenti aphezulu ama-dollar angama-premium ahambisana nezindleko zokuvikela nezindleko. Ababheki besikhwama sempilo bachitha imali enkulu yokuphenya nokuvikela izimangalo lapho kukhona umphumela wesiguli ongathandeki hhayi ngenxa yokunganaki.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokukhishwa kwemishanguzo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zomshuwalense wokungasebenzi - okwenzekayo noma ezenziwe izimangalo. Abaningi bomshuwalense babhala ngesisekelo sefomu lokufaka izicelo lapho umgomo osebenza khona ngesikhathi sokumangalelwa kubikwa ukuthi uphendule ukulahlekelwa, ngenkathi inqubomgomo ihlala isebenza futhi phakathi nanoma yikuphi isikhathi sokubika esisebenzayo. Inqubomgomo eyayithandwa kakhulu ezikhathini zangaphambili yenziwe okwenzekayo ehlanganisa ukulahlekelwa okuvela "ngesikhathi" senqubomgomo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimangalo senziwe nini, ngisho nangemva kokuba inqubomgomo ikhanseliwe.
Ukumangalelwa Kwezokwelapha Eziphumelelayo
Ummangalelwa kumele amise zonke izinto ezinhlanu zokunganakwa kwemvume yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo:
- Umsebenzi wawudingeka: umthwalo wezomthetho ukhona noma nini lapho isibhedlela noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ehlinzeka ukunakekelwa noma ukwelashwa kwesiguli.
- Umsebenzi uphuliwe: umhlinzeki uhlulekile ukuhambisana nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile.
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabangela ukulimala: Ukuphulwa komsebenzi kwakuyimbangela eqondile kanye nesizathu esibhekene nokulimala.
- Ukuphambuka kwendinganiso elamukelekile: Kumele kuboniswe ukuthi udokotela wayesebenza ngendlela ephikisana nesilinganiso esimisiwe esamukelekile emsebenzini wakhe.
- Ukulimala: Ngaphandle kokulimala (ukulahlekelwa okungahle kube yinkantolo noma ngokomzwelo), asikho isizathu sokumangalelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlinzeki wezokwelapha wayenganaki. Ngokufanayo, umonakalo ungenzeka ngaphandle kokunganaki, isibonelo, uma umuntu efa esesifo esibulalayo.
Ukulimala
Ukulimala kommangali kungabandakanya ukuhlawuliswa (okwezomnotho nokungezona ezezomnotho) kanye nokulimala okujeziswa. Ukulimala kwezomnotho kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwezimali kufaka phakathi umholo olahlekile kanye nezindleko zezokwelapha Ukulimala okungezona ezezomnotho kuhlolwe ukulimala ngokwayo: ukulimala ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, njengokulahlekelwa kombono, ukulahleka kwesigungu noma isitho, ukunciphisa ukunciphisa impilo ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma ukulahlekelwa othandekayo, ubuhlungu obunzima, nokucindezeleka ukucindezeleka. Umonakalo wesijeziso unikezwa kuphela uma kwenzeka ukufunwa nokuziphatha okungenangqondo.
I-volatility
Imakethe yomshuwalense wezinsizakalo zempilo yezokwelapha iye yabhekana nezikhathi ezithile ezinzima, njengalapho ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, okuholela ekuthengeni amanani aphezulu kubanikazi bezinqubomgomo.
Lezi zikhathi zaphawulwa izinguquko ezinzima kwi-premium, yehla ekutshalweni kwezimali, ukukhula okusheshayo kokulahlekelwa kwemali ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinkokhelo zezimangalo kanye nezindleko zokuvikela nezindleko, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka okukhulu kwemvelo. Ukulahlekelwa kwesilinganiso sekuye kwadlula eminyakeni yamuva futhi amanani awile.