Kunezici ezithile ezivamile, kodwa akekho abantu ababili abafanayo
I-Down syndrome iyinto engavamile ye-chromosomal eyabangelwa ikhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21. Ngokusho kwamasevisi okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-700 uzalwa nge-Down syndrome.
Ngenkathi izingane ezine-Down syndrome zinemisebenzi ebonakalayo nezinkinga ezivamile zezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane eziningi ezine-Down syndrome ziphilile.
Ingozi yabo yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ezithile zezokwelapha, ezengqondo nezengqondo zingase zibe ngaphezulu, kodwa ukwelashwa kuvame ukufana nalezi zinkinga kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zenzeka ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome noma ezingenabo i-Down syndrome.
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-Down syndrome ezizosho kumuntu oyedwa, kunezici ezithile ezijwayelekile zomzimba, izinkinga zezokwelapha, nokulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa okuthinta abantu abaningi abane-Down syndrome.
Izimpawu Ezivamile Phakathi Kwalabo abane-Down Syndrome
Kuze kube manje, izici ezingaphezu kuka-120 ezihlukene ngokomzimba, kwezokwelapha nezengqondo zichazwe kubantu abane-Down syndrome. Zonke izinsana nabantu abane-Down syndrome banezici ezithile zobuso, izici zomzimba, izinkinga zezokwelapha, nokulibaziseka kwengqondo okufanayo.
Izici nezinkinga zezokwelapha ezihlobene ne-Down syndrome ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izici ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Isiqu esifushane
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa
- Izinkinga zezinhliziyo
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid
- Intamo ebomile neminwe
Izingane ezine-Down syndrome zivame ukwabelana ngezici ezithile zobuso nesimo somzimba njengeprofayili ebusweni besibhakabhaka, ukuhlelwa phezulu kwamehlo, izindlebe ezincane, nolimi olukhulu noma oluvukelayo. Ekuzalweni, izinsana ezine-Down syndrome zivame ukuvela "i-floppy" ngenxa yesimo esibizwa nge-hypotonia (ithoni eliphansi le-muscle).
Yize i-hypotonia ingakwazi futhi iphinde ithuthuke ngobudala kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, izingane eziningi ezine-Down syndrome zivame ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuthuthukiswa-njengokuhlala phansi, ukugwasa, nokuhamba-kamuva kunezinye izingane.
Ekuzalweni, izingane ezine-Down syndrome zivame ukulinganisa isilinganiso, kepha zivame ukukhula ngesilinganiso esincane futhi zihlale zizincane kunezinye izingane zonyaka wazo. Kuzinsana, ithoni ephansi ye-muscle ingabangela izinkinga zokudla kanye nokulibaziseka kwezimoto. Izingane kanye nezingane ezindala zingase zibe nokulibazisa ekukhulumeni nasemakhono ekufunda njengokudla, ukugqoka, nokuqeqeshwa kwangasese.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Bonke abantu abane-Down syndrome banezinga elithile lokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Uma ingane yakho inesifo se-Down syndrome, ingafunda ngezinga eliphansi noma ibe nobunzima ngokucabanga okunengqondo nokwahlulela. Izingane ezine-Down syndrome zingakwazi futhi zifunde, futhi ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Bavele bafinyelele imigomo ngezinga elihlukile.
Kuvame ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi abantu abanesifo se-Down syndrome banekhono elithi "static" noma elinqunyelwe ngaphambili lokufunda. Lokhu kumane akulona iqiniso. Abantu abane-Down syndrome bathuthuka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo futhi kufanele baphathwe ngendlela efanele. Ukufunda okungenzeka komuntu onesifo se-Down syndrome kunganconywa ngokusebenzisa ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi , imfundo enhle, ukulindela okukhulu, nokukhuthazwa.
Izinkinga zezokwelapha
Nakuba izingane eziningi ezine-Down syndrome zingenayo izinkinga ezibalulekile zezokwelapha, abanye bangase babe nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 azo zonke izingane ezizalwa nge-Down syndrome zizoba nenhliziyo encane yokuhlukumeza inhliziyo. Ezinye zalezi ziphutha zithobekile futhi azidingi ukwelashwa kanti ezinye zimbi kakhulu futhi zingadinga ukuhlinzwa nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi uma amaphesenti angu-40 ezingane ezine-Down syndrome ezalwa enesifo senhliziyo, lokho kusho ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 abantwana abane-Down syndrome abanenkinga yenhliziyo.
Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingase zenzeke kaningi ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome zihlanganisa izinkinga ze-thyroid , ukungavimbi kwamathumbu, ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, izinkinga zesisindo, kanye nengozi ephakeme yokukhulelwa kwengane (cishe amaphesenti angu-1).
Ukungahleleki kwetanyeni okuphezulu (nge- atlantoaxial instability ) ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala futhi kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela. Ngenhlanhla, eziningi zalezi zimo ziyaphathwa futhi ukwelashwa kuyafana nabantu abane-Down syndrome.
Ukuzwa nokubukwa
Cishe isigamu sazo zonke izingane ezine-Down syndrome nazo zinenkinga yokuzwa nombono. Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa kungenziwa ngenxa yokungafani kwesakhiwo samathambo endlebe noma ngenxa yezifo zendlebe . Izinkinga zembono zihlanganisa amehlo aphelile, iso elivilaphayo, eliseduze nokubhekwa phambili, kanye nengozi eyingozi yokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwesaziso se-audiologist kanye ne-ophthalmologist kuyadingeka ukuthola nokulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba kuthinte amakhono olimi nokufunda. Ukwelapha ngokuvamile kungilazizibuko kanye nezinsiza zokuzwa.
Ubuntu, Ukuziphatha Nezimo Zengqondo
Kungaba nzima ukuxoxa ngezici zokuziphatha ezivamile ezitholakala kubantu abane-Down syndrome ngaphandle kokuphazamisa laba bantu. Noma kunjalo, abazali abaningi abanezingane ezine-Down syndrome bazobika ukuthi izingane zabo zijabule, zithandana futhi ziphuma. Nakuba lokhu kungase kube yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukungabonakali abantu abane-Down syndrome. Bahlangabezana nohlu olugcwele lwemizwelo futhi babe nezici zabo siqu, amandla, ubuthakathaka, nezitayela. Abekho abantu ababili abane-Down syndrome abazoba nobuntu obufanayo.
Ngenkathi abantu abane-Down syndrome bengenalo "uhlobo lomuntu," bavame ukuhlanganyela ngokuziphatha okuthile noma izindlela zokubhekana nazo. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abane-Down's syndrome bakhetha isimiso, ukuhleleka, nokunye okuyiyona ndlela yokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lokhu okukhethwa kukho isimiso ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala njengenkani. Okunye ukuziphatha okuvame ukubonwa kubantu abanesifo se-Down syndrome "ukuzikhulumela." Ukuzikhulumela kuyisenzo sokukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo ngokwakho futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abane-Down syndrome basebenzisa ukuzikhulumela njengendlela yokucubungula ulwazi nokucabangela izinto ngokusebenzisa .
Ngenkathi abantu abane-Down syndrome bangase babe nezindlela ezithile zokuziphatha nokubhekana nezinqubo ezifanayo, nabo babhekene nengozi eyengeziwe yezimo ezithile ezingokwengqondo. Izibalo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nokuphazamiseka okucindezelayo konke kuye kwabikwa ku-Down syndrome. Ukwelashwa kwalezi zinkinga kubantu abane-Down syndrome kufana nabantu abangenayo i-Down syndrome futhi bafaka ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha, ukwelulekwa kanye nemithi eminye.
> Imithombo
> I-Grayerson, i-K., Izingane ezine-Down Syndrome - Umholi Omusha Wabazali , i-Woodbine House, ngo-1995.
> Chen, H., Down syndrome, i- Emedicine , 2007