Uma ulimaze intamo yakho noma ubuyele emsebenzini, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangene nesifo se-musculoskeletal. Isifo se-musculoskeletal, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-MSD esifushane, sichazwa njengenkinga eyenzeka emsebenzini - ngisho noma kuthatha isikhashana ukuthuthukisa - okuthinta izinzwa zakho, imisipha kanye / noma amathononi.
I-MSD yinye eyinzuzo enkulu yokulahlekelwa isikhathi sokusebenza kwesisebenzi.
Ngokusho kwe-OSHA, okuyi-Occupational Safety and Health Agency ye-US federal federal, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokulimala emsebenzini okwenzeka ngo-2015 kwakuyi-MSD.
Ukulimala kwamasisitiri okuqhubeka emsebenzini kungadla umqashi ngaphezu kwezingu-30,000 zamaRandi.
Ngonyaka ka-2015, umphakathi onsuku ezingu-8 ulahlekelwe umsebenzi ngamunye kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulimala okungenabungozi, okubandakanya, kodwa kungagcinwa kuwo, ama-MSD. Lokho kusho ukuthi inani lezinsuku eziya emsebenzini ngenxa yokulimala lihluka ngokubanzi ngokwemiboni.
Izinhlobo ZemiSebenzi Ehlobene Nama-musculoskeletal
I-CDC, enye i-federal agency ebhekene nempilo yomphakathi, ithi izakhiwo zabasebenzi ikakhulukazi zibangelwa ukukhushulwa kwezinkinga ze-MSD, kanye nokwehla kwezimo ezikhona. Izibonelo zokulimala okungase ziqhutshwe yi-ergonomics empofu zihlanganisa, kepha azikhawulelwanga, zibandakanya izinkinga ze-muscle, i-ligament sprains, i-carpal tunnel syndrome, nokuningi.
Ngezansi uhlu oluthe xaxa.
- Imisipha ye-back back
- I-Ligament sprains
- Izinzwa ezinamathele
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-disc umthambo
- Ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva
- I-neck neck syndrome
- Sciatica
- I-disc ye-Herniated
I-MSD Risk Factor Exposures
I-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) iyaqhubeka ngokuyahlukanisa i-MSD njengempendulo yomzimba hhayi umphumela wesibhamu, ukuwa noma ukuhamba.
Bakusho ukuthini ngalokhu? Ukuwa akukwenzi yini?
Akunjalo ngempela. Kulesi simo, ukusabela komzimba kuhamba umzimba wakho kusebenza ekuzaleni incazelo yakho yomsebenzi. I-BLS ibheka ukuguqa, ukukhuphuka, ukukhahlela, ukufika nokuphikisana njengokuphendula komzimba.
Kanye nokuphendula komzimba, i-BLS ithi ukukhululeka nokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kungakufaka ingozi yakho ye-MSD. Uma ukholelwa noma cha, ukukhukhumeza nokuphindaphinda okungaphindaphindiwe kungaba yingxenye yomsebenzi ohlala phansi. Cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo uma uthayipha kukhompuyutha usuku lonke: iminwe yakho iyahamba njalo, kanti imisipha elawula izikhali zakho isebenza kanzima ukusekela lokho okuhlangene.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuthiwa, ngokwemigomo ye-ergonomic, "ukudalulwa" ezindaweni eziyingozi ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene nomzimba we-musculoskeletal. Kuyafana nokuthi uma umsebenzi wakho udinga ukuba uphakamise izinto ezinzima, ukugoba, ukufinyelela, ukucindezela noma ukudonsa imithwalo enzima nokunye okunjalo.
Izimo ezivezwayo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi "izingozi."
Enye ingozi yokungena kwe-MSD yengozi ukucabanga kokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi noma ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Uma ngabe i-monitor yakho ifakwa kancane eceleni kolunye uhlangothi, isibonelo, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi intamo yakho ihlala esimweni esisontekile usuku lonke. Kubantu abaningi, ukusimama okuqhubekayo noma okungahambi kahle kubangela ubuhlungu, futhi.
Futhi umsebenzi omzimba onzima, ukubhema, inqwaba yezinhlamvu zomzimba - okungukuthi, ukugqithisa kakhulu - ukuba nesimo sezempilo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye / noma izidingo zomsebenzi ezicindezelayo zinganezela engozini.
Uhlu "olusemthethweni" lokuvezwa kwengozi yokulimala emsebenzini, njenge-OSHA, lulandelayo:
- Amandla amakhulu, ahlobene nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukudonsa nokuphikisana nokuphendula ngokomzimba okufanayo. Amandla angaphezu kwamandla angasetshenziswa futhi kumajoyini angahambisani kakhulu, njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla kusibonelo sokuthayipha.
- Ukuphindaphinda, okuyizinto ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomsebenzi wefektri, futhi futhi, ukuthayipha.
- Ukuma okungaqondakali, okungahle kwenzeke njengomphumela wesimo sokusebenza esimpofu esimisiwe.
- Cold.
- Ukuguqulwa. (Cabanga ngomsebenzisi we-jackhammer.)
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwanoma yikuphi okungenhla.
Yini Okufanele Uyenze Uma Uthola i-MSD Ekusebenzeni?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-MSD ahlobene nomsebenzi angavinjelwa, ngokusho kwe-OSHA. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso ze-ergonomics - okuphathelene nokufaka umsebenzi kwisisebenzi, kunokuba isisebenzi sisebenze - ungakwazi ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukukhathala kwemisipha, noma ukunciphisa kokubili inombolo nenani lama-MSD ahlobene nomsebenzi.
Ama-MSD ahlobene nomsebenzi adinga ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwesizo lokuqala, abelwe umsebenzi wokukhanya, noma obangela izimpawu ezihlala ngesonto noma ngaphezulu, kubizwa ngokuthi izigameko ze-MSD. Uma unesigameko se-MSD, kufanele usibike kumqashi wakho. Abaqashi badinga umthetho ukuthatha umbiko wakho ngokungathí sina, ukungafuneli ukubuyiselwa ngenxa yokuthi ukhulume, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezempilo.
Imithombo:
> da Costa, B., Vierira, E. Am J Ind Med. Mashi 2010. Izici zengozi yokuphazamiseka okuphathelene nomsebenzi: Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezifundo zamuva zesikhathi eside. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19753591
Uhlelo lwe-Ergonomics. Imithetho Ehlongozwayo. I-Federal Register # 64: 65768-66078 Standard # 1910. Novemba 23 1999.
> Thola izinkinga. Izihloko zezokuphepha nezempilo. Iwebhusayithi ye-OSHA. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/identifyprobs.html
> Izindaba Ukukhishwa Kokulimala Okungasebenzi Kwezezifo kanye Nezifo Ezidinga Izinsuku Kusuka Emsebenzini, 2015. Ihhovisi Lezibalo Zokusebenza. UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US. Novemba 2016.
> Ukuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwe-Muscleskeletal emsebenzini. Ergonomics. Iwebhusayithi ye-OSHA.gov. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/
> Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwe-Musculoskeletal & Ergonomics. Ukukhuthazwa Kwezempilo Emsebenzini. I-CDC iwebhusayithi. https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/