Izincomo ezivela ku-American Medical Association
Ngesikhathi ukwamukelwa kwamarekhodi ezempilo e-elektroniki (EHRs) kuye kwanda kuzilungiselelo ze-ambulatory nezibhedlela, abahlinzeki bezempilo bayasenkingeni ukusebenzisa i-EHR ngendlela ephumelelayo, ephumelelayo nephephile. Ama-EHR amaningi awadalwa noma asebenze ngendlela ehambelana nokuhamba komsebenzi nezinqubo zokucabanga zogqirha. Lena inkinga yokusebenza.
I-American Medical Association (AMA) ihlongoze ukuthi izinkinga ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-EHR zidinga ukubhekana nokuthuthukisa indlela odokotela basebenzisa ngayo ama-EHR. Lesi sihloko sizobukeza izimpikiswano eziyisishiyagalolunye zokwenza izinto futhi sikhulume ukuthi zithinte kangakanani ukuhlangenwe nakho kwami nama-EHR amaningi phakathi neminyaka.
"Ukwandisa Amakhono Abahlengikazi Ukuhlinzeka Ngokunakekelwa Kokubekezela Okuphezulu"
Lokhu kuqala kokuqala kokusebenza kungase kubhekwe njengemetric ngokwemigomo yokwahlulela ukusebenza kwe-EHR. Esikhundleni sokuphazamisa noma ukunciphisa odokotela, i-EHR kufanele yenze udokotela aphumelele futhi aphumelele.
Eqinisweni, ukusebenzisa i-EHR kuvame ukuphazamisa ukuhlangana komtholampilo noma ukuphazamisa udokotela ekukhokeleni okwanele isiguli. Kulula ukuchitha isigamu sokuqokwa kokungena kuma-oda, ngokuchofoza ngezikrini eziningi, nokubhekana nezixwayiso zokuphuma-isikhathi esingaba ngcono ukulalela nokuhlola isiguli.
"Ukusekela Ukunakekelwa Kweqembu"
Ukunakekelwa kwethimba esikhungweni esine-EHR akunakwenzeka uma i-EHR engasisekeli odokotela nabaholi beqembu ekudluliseni umsebenzi kwamanye amalungu eqembu. Ayikho imingcele yomtholampilo yokudinga odokotela ukwenza imisebenzi e-EHR esekelwe ngumhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe noma umsizi wezokwelapha.
Uma imibiko ye-elektroniki neziguli isici se-EHR, wonke amalungu eqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele akwazi ukusebenzisa lesi sici ukuze asebenzise ukuxhumana okusobala nesiguli.
I-EHR kufanele ibasize esikhundleni sokuvimbela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ekusebenzeni ngokugcwele kwelayisensi yabo namalungelo. Umsebenzi olula olandela ukulandelana komyalelo wokuma komkhuhlane akufanele kuxhomeke kudokotela ofaka umyalelo.
"Ukukhuthaza Ukulungiswa Kokunakekelwa"
Ukwengamela ukunakekelwa kulo mongo yikhono lethimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukulandela iziguli kuzo zonke izinguquko zokunakekelwa, njengokuthi uma umhlinzeki oyinhloko ekhuluma ngesiguli kumchwepheshe noma uma isiguli sikhishwa esibhedlela. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana ekushintshaneni ngolwazi lwezempilo ukuze kuvunyelwe ama-EHR kanye namanye amasistimu elwazi lomtholampilo ukwabelana ngemininingwane yesiguli.
"Ukunikezwa komkhiqizo wokunikezela nokulungiselelwa"
Akuwona wonke umuntu odokotela noma inhlangano yokunakekelwa kwezempilo angathenga futhi asebenzise i-EHR egcwele efakiwe. Kodwa kukhona insimu eningi phakathi kwamarekhodi ephepha kanye ne-EHR ephelele. Abathengisi kufanele banikeze i-EHR eyisisekelo engathuthukiswa ngamamojula wokufaka amakhemikhali noma ama-third for support support, portal patient, analytics, neminye imisebenzi.
Isinyathelo se-Allscripts Open API yisibonelo sendlela ukusebenza komsebenzi we-EHR kungakwandiswa ngayo nge-modularity.
"Nciphisa Ukusebenza Komqondo Ongqondweni"
I-Friedman's Fundamental Theorem ye-Biomedical Informatics ithi "Umuntu osebenza ngokubambisana nomthombo wolwazi 'kungcono' kunokuba lowo muntu ofanayo engavumelekile." Udokotela osebenza ne-EHR kufanele enze kangcono kunodokotela ofanayo ngaphandle kwe-EHR. Ngeshwa, i-EHR ngezinye izikhathi ikhokhisa ikhono lokuqonda lomdokotela ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amarekhodi ephepha. Esikhundleni salokho, i-EHR kufanele ibasize odokotela ngokubonisa ulwazi olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele endaweni efanele.
Isibonelo, i-EHR kufanele ibonise imiphumela yokuhlola eceleni kwefasitela yokubhala umlayezo isiguli ngemiphumela yokuhlola. Lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyisiqondiso esicacile sokusebenzisa, kepha akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ekudalweni kwe-EHR yamanje.
Ngomunye umkhawulo wokuphela kwe-spectrum, kukhona into enjengolwazi oluningi kakhulu ekuboniseni kwe-EHR. Amanothi avaliwe nezifanekiso, izinhlu ezinenkinga ezixubile, nezixwayiso eziphazamisayo zingaphazamisa odokotela emininingwaneni ebalulekile emrekhodini womtholampilo.
"Phromotha Ukusetshenziswa Kwemininingwane"
I-AMA idinga abathengisi, iHhovisi loMxhumanisi Kazwelonke Wezobuchwepheshe Lolwazi Lwezempilo, kanye nabanye abathintekayo ukubeka izindinganiso zokushintshaniswa kwedatha. Ukwabelana ngolwazi lwezempilo alukwanele ukusekela ukunakekelwa kwemitholampilo. Umgomo ukufezekisa ukusebenzisana kwe-semantic, okuyikhono lezinhlelo zokwaziswa eziphathelene nokwelashwa okungafaniyo ukuhumusha, ukuhlela, nokusebenzisa ulwazi olushintshanisiwe. Enye inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ikhono lokufanisa imininingwane yesiguli kuzo zonke izilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
"Ukugqugquzela ukubandakanyeka kweDividal and Mobile Patient Engagement"
Naphezu kwekhono elikhulu lobuchwephesha bezobuchwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uphinde uphakamise ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, inqubekelaphambili izokwenyuka ngezinga lapho amadivaysi nesofthiwe bekwazi ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile nge-EHRs. Ukungalingani akufanele kubekwe kuphela ekuxhumaniseni i-EHRs komunye nomunye, kodwa kufanele futhi kuhlanganise wonke amasistimu elwazi lomtholampilo, kufaka phakathi amapulatifomu ezempilo eselula.
"Ukungena komsebenzisi okufakiwe ngaphakathi kokuKwakhiwa komkhiqizo nokuPhumelela kokuPhumelela"
Ama-EHR amaningi ayakhelwe ekuqaleni ukusekela imisebenzi yokuphatha nokukhokha. Kodwa namuhla, ama-EHR alindeleke ukuba adlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yezempilo, izindleko zezempilo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwesiguli (I-Aim Triple). Lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuthi abathengi bafune futhi bafake isandla emitholampilo ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni, ekusebenzeni nasekuhloleni kwe-EHRs.
Imithombo:
I-American Medical Association. Ukuthuthukisa Ukwelashwa: Okubalulekile Okuthuthukiseni Ukusetshenziswa Kwemibhalo Yempilo Ye-Electronic. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Septhemba 27, 2014