Naphezu kwamathuba okuthola ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumula kanye nokutheleleka okuncane kwamathumbu ngonyaka, izingane eziningi zinamasosha omzimba aqinile.
Abanye abanjalo.
Futhi la ma-immunosuppressed ayingozi engozini yezifo, kuhlanganise nezifo ezivimbela ukugoma.
Izingane ezine-Immunosuppression Primary Primary
Kunezimo okungenani ezingu-250 ezihlukene ezingabangela izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
Lezi zivikeli eziphambili ze-immunodeficiency, ezibangelwa isimo sezakhi zofuzo futhi inkinga eyinhloko ikhona nesistimu yomzimba ngokwayo, ingafaka:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Antibody - i-agammaglobulinemia exhunyanisiwe ne-X, i-variable variable immunodeficiency, i-IgA yokuntuleka kwe-IgA, ne-IgG ye-subclass deficiency, njll.
- Ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana - izifo ezinzima ezihlangene ze-immunodeficiency (SCID), i-DiGeorge syndrome, i-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ne-ataxia-telangiectasia, njll.
- Izifo zokuzivikela ezingenalutho - isifo esingenasifo esiyingozi, i-hyper IgE syndrome, izifo zokunamathela kwe-leukocyte, nokuntuleka kwe-myeloperoxidase, njll.
Lezi zimo zivame kangakanani?
Kungenzeka ukuthi bayavame kakhulu kunabantu abaningi abacabanga, yingakho kubalulekile ukubuka izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokuzivikela okuyinhloko uma ingane yakho ibonakala igula kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:
- ukuba nezifo ezinzima ezidinga izifo ezibulala izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa, esikhundleni se- antibiotic ejwayelekile yomlomo
- kokuba nezifo ezindaweni ezingavamile noma ezibangelwa igciwane elingavamile noma elingajwayelekile, amabhaktheriya, noma umkhuhlane, njll.
- kokuba nezifo eziqhubekayo ezingabonakali ziphela ngokuphelele
- kokuba nezifo eziqhubeka zibuya
- Ukuba namanye amalungu omndeni anezinkinga ezifanayo nezifo ezinzima
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2007 e-United States luchaza "amazinga okukhula okutholakala nge-PID njenge-1 ku-2,000 kubantwana, 1 ku-1,200 kubo bonke abantu, nasemakhaya angu-1 kumakhaya angu-600." Okunye ukuhlola kusikisela ukuthi amanani okukhula angase aphakeme nakakhulu.
Ukunyuswa kwama-secunosuppression wesibili
Ngaphandle kwamasosha omzimba asemqoka, izingane zingaba nezici zokuzivikela ezincane, lapho esinye isimo sithinta amasosha omzimba wengane.
Lezi zingxenye zokuzivikela ezincane zingabandakanya:
- Izifo , njenge-HIV
- Imithi emibi yemithi - kusuka kumakhemikhali ekwelapha izingane ezinomdlavuza we-methotrexate we-arthritis kanye ne-prednisone ye-nephrotic syndrome, izingane eziningi zisengozini yokutheleleka ngenxa yokuthi imithi ethatha imithi yenza kube nzima umzimba wabo ukulwa nezifo
- Izimo ezinzima , kuhlanganise nesifo sikashukela, esengozini enkulu yokugula , kanye nokuhluleka kwezinso / i-dialysis
- Izingane ezine- asplenia (ayikho i-spleen) noma i-functional asplenia (i-spleen engasebenzi kahle) - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibangelwa isifo se-sickle cell, i-spherocytosis yefa, noma ngabe i-spleen yabo isuswe ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka, la bantwana basengozini yokuphila- ezisongela izifo zebhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi i-Hib, i-Neiserria meningitis, i-Streptococcus pneumonia, njll.
- Ukungondleki okukhulu
Zingaki izingane ezikhona nalezi zinhlobo zamagciwane omzimba wesibili?
Ngenkathi kungabonakali ukuthi kukhona izibalo eziphelele mayelana nokusabalalisa kwama-immunodeficiency secondary, zizofaka:
- Abantwana abangaba ngu-10 000 abahlala ne-HIV
- Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-15,700 nezintsha ezitholakalayo zinomdlavuza unyaka ngamunye, eziningi zazo ziphathwa nge-chemotherapy
- Abantwana abangaba ngu-200 000 kanye nentsha yesifo sikashukela
- Abantwana abangaba ngu-1 000 abazalwa e-United States unyaka ngamunye ngesifo se-sickle cell
Futhi, izingane ezinezinye izimo eziningi zengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, kuhlanganise nalabo abane-lupus, i-cystic fibrosis, ne-Down syndrome, njll.
Lokho Abazali Okufanele Bakwazi Ngokuphathelene Nokuzivocavoca
Kuningi lokungalungi okwenzekayo lapha mayelana nezingane ezine-immunodefacencies, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobene nemigomo. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezithola i-chemotherapy zingahle zithole imishanguzo engasebenzi, akusho ukuthi kufanele, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke isebenze.
Udinga uhlelo lokuzivikela olusebenzayo, olusebenzayo lomgomo wokusebenza kahle. Isizathu sokuthi imithi yokuphila iphikisana lapho ingane ithola i-chemotherapy ngoba kungase kubangele ukuthi ingane ihole ukutheleleka.
Ezinye izinto okufanele wazi ngezingane ezine-immunodeficiencies zihlanganisa ukuthi:
- Izingane eziningi ezine-immunodeficiency eyinhloko zingathola eziningi noma zonke izigomo, kuhlanganise nemigomo yokuphila, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-immunodeficiency abanalo. Abanye abakwazi, noma imishanguzo abayitholayo ingase isebenze kahle, ngakho kubalulekile "ukudala 'i-cocoon' yokuzivikela yabantu abagonywe iziguli eziphethe izifo eziyinhloko zokuzivikela nge-immunodeficiency ukuze babe nethuba elingaphansi lokuthola ukutheleleka okukhulu njengomkhuhlane. "
- Izingane eziningi ezine-immunodeficiency ingase zithole imithi eminingi noma yonke imithi ngaphambi kokuba zikhulelwe, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi zilahlekelwe yilesi sivikelo manje ngenxa ye-immunodeficiency yabo.
- Ukuhlola i-laboratory kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe ingane inenkinga nge-immune system.
- Ukuchithwa kwegciwane ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga yezingane eziningi ezinenkinga yokuzivikela komzimba futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi oxhumana nabo abaseduze abanezingane ezingenayo imithi bawuthole yonke imithi ngaphandle kwemithi yokugoma ngomlomo. Futhi ngaphandle uma bezoxhumana nomuntu ongenakuzivikela kakhulu, njengokuthola ukufakelwa kwesitembu se-stem futhi esezindaweni ezivikelayo, bangathola ngisho nokugoma komuthi ophilayo, omsulwa we-flu.
Nakuba iningi labantu liye lafunda ngama-immunodefaces kusuka kuma-movie nakwezethelevishini, lawa bantwana abahlali kumabhulebhu. Baya esikoleni nokunakekelwa kwelanga futhi bazama ukuphila impilo evamile.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi akuyona into engavamile ukuba izingane ziphile nama-immunodeficiencies.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. I-Cancer In Children and Adolescents. Amaqiniso Nama-Cancer 2014.
I-CDC. Umbiko we-HIV Surveillance: Ukutholakala kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye ne-AIDS emazweni ase-United States nasezindaweni ezixhomekile, ngo-2013.
JM Boyle. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezenhlalakahle Zokuthola Izifo Eziyinhloko Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni E-United States. Journal of Immunology Clinic. September 2007, uMqulu 27, Issue 5, iphepha 497-502.
Ikomidi Lezokwelapha LikaMnyango Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni. Izincomo zokugoma eziphilayo zamagciwane kanye nama-bacterium ezigulini ze-immunodeficient kanye noxhumana nabo abaseduze. I-Journal Yokuzifola Kwegazi Ne-Immunology Yezokwelapha.
Ukuzivikela Kwamasosha Omzimba Isiguli Nomshuwalense Womndeni. Ku-Primary Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Edition 5