Izifo Ezingavamile Zama-Antibiotic

Ukuqaphela nokugwema imiphumela yocansi yama-Antibiotic ku-Izingane

Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa wena noma ingane yakho ezitholayo, ama-antibiotic angafika nemiphumela emibi. Ngokuvamile, inzuzo yalezi zidakamizwa ivame kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izingozi, kodwa ukusabela okubi kwenzeka. Yimiphi eminye yemiphumela emibi yokulwa namagciwane? Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingavamile kodwa ezibi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke? Futhi unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho lapho uthatha le mithi?

Ama-antibiotics okutheleleka kwezingane

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic sekuye kwadlula eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kwengu-20 eyedlule, basengenye yemithi enqunyiwe kakhulu ekwelapheni.

Ukwenzela ukudonsa emithethweni ye-antibiotic kufaka:

• Ukwengezwa kwe-Prevnar ohlelweni lokugoma ingane, oluye laholela ekutheleleni kwezifo ezimbalwa
• Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kokugoma komkhuhlane , okungaholela ezinganeni ezincane ezinezifo zentsholongwane kanye nezindlebe zombili
• Ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe kwezingozi zokulwa namagciwane, njenge- MRSA
• I- antibiotic engcono imisela imihlahlandlela , kuhlanganise nemihlahlandlela ekhuthaza ukulinda elinde ezinye izingane ezinezifo zendlebe kanye nezifo zesinus

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kukhona ukuqonda okukhulu kwemiphumela emibi ye-antibiotic. Ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi ukuthi ama-antibiotics angabangela kuyoba nethemba lokuthi kuyoba nemigomo engadingekile yemithi yokubulala imishanguzo kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ukuze amagciwane asebenze uma sidinga.

Imizwa Ejwayelekile Yomuthi Wokulwa Namagciwane

Uma umntwana wakho eba nomthelela ohlangothini ngenkathi ethatha, noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka imithi elwa namagciwane, qiniseka ukuthi utshele ingane yakho. Imithi emibi ye-antibiotic ingabandakanya:

• Uhudo oluhlobene nokulwa namagciwane - Ukuthola isifo sohudo uma uthatha imithi yokulwa namagciwane kuvamile kakhulu kunokuba abazali abaningi baqonde. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-25 ezingane azoba nesifo sohudo, noma ngabe besathatha imithi yokulwa namagciwane, noma amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuqeda. Nakuba amanye ama-antibiotic acatshangwa ukuthi angase abangele uhudo, kuhlanganise no-Augmentin no-erythromycin, cishe noma iyiphi imithi yokwelapha ingabangela ingane yakho ukuba nehudo.

• Ukusabela okwe-allergenic - Ama-antibiotics angabangela ukuphendula okwenziwe nge-hiver. Ngeshwa, ukusabela okuningi kwegciwane kungabangela izikhukhula zesikhumba ezingase zidideke ngokuphendula okweqile uma ingane ingayidingi ngokungadingekile i-antibiotic, ebangela izinkinga lapho ingane idinga ngempela imishanguzo esikhathini esizayo.
• Ukubhekana nokudakwa kwezidakamizwa - Ama-Rashes njengendlela yokusabela kwezidakamizwa (kunokuba asebenze okweqile) kumuthi we-antibiotic angase afake izinto ezimbi, ama-maculopapular ama-rashes noma ngisho nokulibaziseka-ukuqala ukulinganisa (kubonakala sengathi kunama-hives), kodwa akusiyo impendulo ye-IgE-mediated response and so won 'kubangela ukusabela kokubulawa kwe-anaphylactic okusongela ukuphila.
• Izifo zesilonda - Izifo zesilonda zingase zenzeke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba futhi zingabandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa ngomlomo (thrush) noma ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi (Candidal vulvovaginitis.)
• Amazinyo aqothukile - Esikhathini esidlule, izidakamizwa ze-tetracycline zenza amazinyo okugaya lapho enikezwa izingane ezincane ngesikhathi sokubalwa koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, yingakho lezi antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, ne-minocycline) azijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Ngokumangazayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi ngisho ne-Amoxil ingabangela amazinyo anziwe. Ucwaningo oluthile lubike ukuthi izingane ezithatha i-Amoxil ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zineengozi eyengeziwe yokwehlisa izinyo kamuva.

• I-Fever - Nakuba ngokuvamile inganakwa njengemiphumela emibi, amanye ama-antibiotic aye ahlobene nomkhuhlane owenziwe izidakamizwa uma unikezwa ngaphakathi (nge-IV.)

Ngenhlanhla, iningi lemiphumela emibi yesikhashana, hhayi esongela ukuphila, futhi iyahamba lapho ingane yakho ishiya imithi elwa namagciwane. Ukusabela okwe-allergen kungadinga ukuphathwa ngama-antihistamine noma ama-corticosteroids kanye nezifo zesilonda kungase kudingeke ukuthi ziphathwe ngemithi ye-antifungal ye-topical.

Amanye ama-Serious Effects Side Effects

Ama-antibiotics akangabangeli nje isifo sohudo nemisipha. Amaphesenti angu-22 kuphela okuvakashela ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngenxa yokuphendula kabi emithonjeni yemithi ngonyaka ka 2011 yabangelwa ama-antibiotics.

Futhi elinye lamazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuvakasha kwegumbi lokuphuthumayo okubandakanya ukulimala kwemithi kungabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Lokhu akumangalisi uma ucabanga ukuthi amanye alawo miphumela emibi kakhulu ingafaka:

• I-Anaphylaxis - i- Anaphylaxis iyisabela esasongela impilo esihlanganisa izimpawu eziningi zokugula, ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka ngokuphefumula kanye / noma ukuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi.
• I-Stevens-Johnsons syndrome - I- Stevens-Johnsons syndrome iyindlela yokusabela ngokusongela impilo. Izingane ezine-Stevens-Johnson syndrome zihlakulela izimpawu ezinjengezifo ezinezilonda ezibuhlungu noma izilonda emlonyeni, ekhaleni, amehlo, kanye ne-genital mucosa, ngokuvamile nge-crusting.
• I-necrolysis ye-epidermal eyingozi (TEN) - Ifomu elibi le-Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• Izinkinga ze-musculoskeletal - Cipro (ciprofloxacin) nezinye i-fluoroquinolones azivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni. Bafaka ingozi yokuhlukana kwetendon kanye nokulimala okungapheli kwamanxeba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, i-Cipro ingabangela izinkinga zethambo, ezihlangene, ne-tendon, kubandakanya ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Clostridium difficile - C. i-diff yi-bacteria engabangela isifo sohudo nezinye izimpawu zamathumbu, ikakhulukazi ezivamile ezinganeni ezisanda kulwa namagciwane.
• I-Red man syndrome - Ukusabela okungahle kwenzeke ezinganeni ezithola i-IV vancomycin, i-red man syndrome ihlanganisa ukuqhuma kwentloko nentamo futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ngokujulile, ukusabela kokusongela impilo.
• I-Ototoxicity - Amanye ama-antibiotic, ikakhulukazi ama-aminoglycosides, afana ne-gentamicin, angabangela ukulimala kwe-cochlear noma ye-vestibular, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqapha amazinga omuthi lapho abantwana, ikakhulukazi abantwana abasha, banikwa le mithi elwa namagciwane. Okuphawula ukuthi lezi zithiyo zokulwa namagciwane azisebenzisi ngaphandle uma ingane isifo esinamandla kakhulu esingahle siphendule kwamanye ama-antibiotic.
• I-pill esophagitis - Isisu somntwana singashukukuthelwa yiphilisi ye-antibiotic ethatha, ikakhulukazi uma imisiwe i-doxycycline, eyinkulu kakhulu.
• Izithombeensitivity - Ama-antibiotic amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha induna , angenza izingane zizwele kakhulu elangeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics, i-tetracycline, i-minocycline, ne-doxycycline, okunye ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu okunciphisa ukushisa kwelanga kufanele kuthathwe ngenkathi ingane yakho ithatha.
• I-lupus eyenziwa yizidakamizwa - Izingane zingathuthukisa izimpawu ze-systic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ngenkathi zithatha imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ukulinganisa okukhulu kwe-minocycline isikhathi eside.
• I-Benign yomshuwalense we-intracranial - i-Minocycline ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela ukucindezeleka okunamandla okungenangqondo noma i-pseudotumor cerebri, lapho izingane ezithatha imithi zihlakulela ikhanda elingenasifo, isicashu, nokuhlanza.

Ngeshwa, kusukela ngo-2005, kuye kwaba nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-69 ezindaweni zokuphuthumayo ezivakashelwe imithi emibi ye-antibiotic. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungawagwema kanjani.

Ukugwema imiphumela yocansi yama-Antibiotics

Yiqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema imiphumela emibi ye-antibiotic ukuthola kuphela imithi ye-antibiotic lapho kudingeka khona ukuphatha ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya futhi uthathe ukuthatha njengoba kunqunywe.

Ngaphezu kokugqugquzela ukumelana nama-antibiotic, lapho ama-antibiotics engakwazi ukubulala amabhaktheriya, ukuphuza ama-antibiotics uma kungadingeki kungabeka ingane yakho engozini yemiphumela emibi. Phela, leyo kadakamizwa ye-Amoxil noma i-Zithromax ayikwazi ukubangela isifo sohudo noma ukusabela okwehlukile uma kungakaze kubhalwe phansi kuqala.

Kodwa uma kudingeka ama-antibiotic, njengalapho ingane yakho ine- strep throat noma i-pneumonia, ungase ukwazi ukugwema noma okungenani unciphise ithuba lomntanakho lokuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi nge:

• Ukuthatha i-probiotic - Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi ama-probiotics angavimbela ukuhuda kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene ne-antibiotic ezinganeni.
• Ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi egcwele ukuvimbela i-pill esophagitis uma ingane yakho ithatha i-doxycycline noma amanye amaphilisi amakhulu noma ama-capsules.
• Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuvikela ingane yakho elangeni uma ethatha i-antibiotic engambeka engozini enkulu yokushisa ilanga ngokusebenzisa i-sunscreen, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, nokukhawulela ukukhanya kwelanga lapho inamandla kakhulu.
• Ukuthatha i-antibiotic njengoba kunqunyiwe, kufaka phakathi ukuqedela yonke imithi ukuze ungenayo imithi esele.
• Gwema ukusebenzisana neminye imithi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho wezingane uyazi mayelana nayo yonke imithi, kuhlanganise nemithi ephezulu kanye nemithi engokwemvelo engayithatha ingane yakho.
• Ukugcina imithi efanele, ikakhulukazi uma idinga ukushisa.
• Landela izinkombandlela zokuthi noma ungathathi yini imishanguzo ngokudla noma ngesisu esingenalutho.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ubuyekeze imishanguzo ye-antibiotic yakamuva ukuze ungaboni i-antibiotic njalo lapho ingane yakho iphethe impumu egijima, umkhuhlane, noma ukutheleleka kwezindlebe ezincane.

Okufanele Ukwazi Ngomphumela Wemizwa Ye-Antibiotics

Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungumonakalo, imiphumela emibi evela kuma-antibiotic ingaba yingozi. Ezinye izinto zokwazi ngemiphumela emibi ye-antibiotic zihlanganisa ukuthi:

• Nakuba kungasetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane ezincane, i-Doxycycline iboniswa kubantwana abane-Ehrlichiosis ne- Rocky Mountain ebonakalayo emkhuhlane , ngisho noma bengaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Kulezi zimo, izingozi zalezi zifo ezikhungethwe izikhungwane zibhekene nezingozi zokuthatha imishanguzo.
• Ezinganeni, i-Cipro iboniswa ekwelapheni izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-urinary kanye ne-pyelonephritis (ukutheleleka kwezinso) ngenxa ye- Escherichia coli . Nokho, akusiyo izidakamizwa zokuqala ezikhethiwe ezinganeni ezincane.
• I-Omnicef ​​(cefdinir) ngezinye izikhathi ingenza isitokisane somntwana sibe nombala obomvu ngenxa yokuxhumana nama-vithamini ensimbi, i-formula ye-baby enensimbi, noma eminye imikhiqizo enezinsimbi.
• I-Amoxil (i-amoxicillin) ngezinye izikhathi ibangela ukuguquka kokuziphatha, kufaka phakathi ukungabi nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
• Izingane ezinesifo se-glucose-6-phosphatase (ukulahlekelwa kwe-G6PD) akufanele ithathe ama-antibiotic athile ngenxa yengozi yokuthuthukisa i-hemolytic anemia. Izibonelo zala ma antibiotics zihlanganisa i-sulfonamide ne-nitrofurantoin.
• Ama-antibiotics aphatha izifo ezisongela ukuphila futhi ahlongozwe njengezidakamizwa eziyisimangaliso futhi njengenye yemiphumela eyishumi yempilo yomphakathi ye-20th Century. Ungavumeli ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi kukuvimbele ekutheni uthathe ama-antibiotics uma udinga.

Uma ingane yakho inomthelela ojulile ohlotshaniswa nokuthatha imithi elwa namagciwane, ungayibika ku-FDA ngokusebenzisa ifomu lokubika lokuzithandela le-MedWatch e-intanethi.

> Imithombo

• > Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, noWaldo E. Nelson. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics. I-20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Phrinta.
• > Issa, I., noR. R. Moucari. Ama-probiotics we-Diarrhea ehlangene no-Antibiotic: Ingabe Sinesigwebo? . I-World Journal ye-Gastroenterology . 2014. 20 (47): 17788-17795.
• > Zareifopoulos, N., noG. Panayiotakopoulos. Imiphumela ye-Neuropsychiatric yama Agciwane Antimicrobial. UkuPhenywa Kwezidakamizwa Zezokwelapha . 2017. 37 (5): 423-437.