I-Meningitis yigama elijwayelekile lokutheleleka kwamamenyu - i-fluid kanye ne-membrane ezungeze intambo yomgogodla nobuchopho. Ama-bacterium amaningi kanye nama-virus angakwazi ukuthelela le ndawo yomzimba futhi ezinye zazo zingavinjelwa ngemigomo.
Izimpawu zakudala ze-meningitis zihlanganisa ikhanda, intamo eqinile, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuhlanza, isithombe se-photophobia (ukungakhululeki uma ubheka izibani ezikhanyayo), ukudideka nokucasula.
Kubazali abaningi, kungase kube enye yezinto zokuqala ozicabangayo lapho umntwana wakho eba nomkhuhlane kanye nosizi noma ubuhlungu bentamo.
Akukhona yini i-Vaccine For Meningitis?
Ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya amaningi kanye nama-virus angabangela i-meningitis, empeleni umbuzo obanzi kakhulu kunokuba uvele kuqala.
Kukhona imithi eminingi yokugoma emndenini eyingxenye yesimiso sokugoma ngengane yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bacterium meningitis. Njengoba igciwane elibangela imithi lingabangela i-meningitis futhi, umgomo wokuvikela i-MMR uvikela izingane emndenini owodwa we-meningitis yegciwane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ze-viral meningitis lapho imishanguzo engakakhiwa khona. Ngenhlanhla, i-meningitis ye-virus ngokuvamile ayiyona isifo esiyingozi njengoba i-bacterial meningitis.
I-Meningitis Vaccines
Ngaphezu kokuvikela izingane ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwengane, le migomo elandelayo ibhekwa njengemigomo ye-meningitis:
- Umuthi wokugoma weHemophilus influenzae hlobo b (Hib)
- Imishanguzo ye-Meningococcal (Menactra, Menveo, Bexsero, neTrumenba) evimbela izifo eziningi ze- Neisseria meningitides
- I-MenHibrix ihlanganisa umgomo womabili amaHib kanye namaqembu omndeni C and Y ezinsana ezithintekayo ezingenengozini yokuthola izifo ze-meningococcal
- I-pneumococcal (Prevnar) evimbela ukutheleleka okuningi kwe- Streptococcus pneumoniae
I-Hib Vaccine
Ngaphandle kwe-bacterial meningitis, umgomo wokuvikela u-Hib uvikela izingane ezincane ngokumelene ne- pneumonia , i-bacteria (ukutheleleka kwegazi), i-epiglottitis nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi- Haemophilus influenzae hlobo b bacteria.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi wokugoma waseHib ngo-1988, izingane ezingaba ngu-20 000 zazinokutheleleka kwe- Hib ngonyaka, kuhlanganise namacala angu-12 000 we-bacterial meningitis. Izinkinga, ezithinta izingane ezingaba ngu-30%, zazibandakanya izithulu, ukugabuka, ukuphuphuthekisa nokuphuza kwengqondo. Futhi izingane ezingaba ngu-5% ezazine-bacteria meningitis eyabangelwa amagciwane e-Hib yafa.
Izingane manje sezivame ukuqala ukugonywa kwe-Hib uma zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, ziphela nge-booster dose uma zineminyaka engu-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ubudala.
Imithi ye-Meningococcal
Imishanguzo ye-meningococcal ivikela izingane ngokumelene nezinkinga eziningana ze- Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, ezingabangela i-meningitis kanye ne-meningococemia, isifo sobungozi begazi esesongela ukuphila.
I-Menomune yayiwumgomo wokuqala we-meningococcal otholakala e-United States, kodwa ikakhulukazi ushintsho lwezinguquko ezintsha zomshuwalense - Menactra and Menveo.
Lezi zitofu ezinezikhathi ezivikelayo zivikela ngokumelene namasogroups e-meningococcal A, C, Y, ne-W-135.
Kunconywa ukuthi zonke izingane kufanele zithole i-Menactra noma i-Menveo uma zineminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala, zinezinyosi ezincane uma zineminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-18 ubudala. Ezinye izingane okufanele zithole umgomo wokugaya umndeni zihlanganisa intsha engakaze ibe nomthamo okwamanje (kufanele ithole umthamo wokudoba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka) kanye nezingane ezincane ezibhekwa njengengozi enkulu yokutheleleka kwamantombazane. Lezi zingane ezinengozini enkulu zihlanganisa labo abaye basuswe isilwane sabo, babe nesiphelo esonakalisiwe, noma abanamanye izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
I-Trumenba ne-Bexsero imishanguzo emisha ye-meningococcal evikela ngokumelene ne- Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Lolu uhlobo lokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal okubangele ukuqhuma emakolishi ekolishi maduzane, kuhlanganise nePrinceton neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara. Okwamanje ayadingeka kodwa kunconywa izingane eziphakeme kakhulu ezinobungozi kanye nabantu abadala, kuhlanganise nalabo abasengozini ngenxa yokugqashuka.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, "Uchungechunge lwe-MenB lokugonywa lungase lunikezwe kubantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala abancane abaneminyaka engama-16-23 ubudala ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa okwesikhashana emiphakathini eminingi yesifo se-serogroup B meningococcal. "
I-Pneumococcal Vaccine
Nakuba kuvame ukucatshangwa ngokuthi umuthi wokugoma wezindlebe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umgomo wokugcina we-pneumococcal (Prevnar) uvikela izingane ngokumelene ne-bacterial meningitis, ukutheleleka kwegazi kanye ne-pneumonia.
I-Prevnar ivikela izingane ngokumelene nezinkinga ezingu-13 ze- Streptococcus pneumoniae amabhaktheriya futhi inikezwa ezinsaneni njengezintambo ezine-dose eziqala ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Ezinye izingane ezikhulile ezengozini enkulu kufanele futhi zithole imithi yokugoma i-Pneumovax pneumococcal, kuhlanganise nalabo abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nesifo se-asthma.
I-bacterial Meningitis
Kungani kukhona imishanguzo eminingi ehlukene ye-bacterial meningitis?
Kungenxa yokuthi kunamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zebhaktheriya ezingabangela i-meningitis.
Ngisho nalezi zifo zokuvimbela imithi ezingakwazi ukuvimbela izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-bacteria meningitis, ngeke zivimbele ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile, njengokuthi kubangelwa yi- E. coli noma i- Staphylococcus aureus amabhaktheriya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izingane ezinempilo azikho engozini enkulu yokuthola i-meningitis ezivela kulawa ma-bacterium, kodwa, kodwa izingane ezivele zinezinkinga zezokwelapha noma ezinezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha zingaba.
Imithombo:
I-CDC. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyolo ze-Serogroup B Meningococcal ezinsheni nasezinsheni ezincane: Izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma, 2015. I-MMWR. Okthoba 23, 2015/64 (41); 1171-6
Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin: Izimiso Nemikhuba Yezifo Ezifozako, 6th.
I-Plotkin: Imithi yokugoma, 5th.