I-Mexican? I-Colombian? I-Peruvian? I-Venezuelan?
Ufuna ulwazi ngolimi lwezandla lwaseSpain? Uxolo, kuzodingeka ube okuncane kakhulu kunalokho - njengoba nje ulimi lwesiSpanishi luhlukahluka kwelinye izwe elikhuluma iSpanishi linye, ngakho-ke inguqulo yolimi lwezandla yaseSpain isetshenziswa. Izwe ngalinye elikhuluma iSpanishi linalo ulimi lwalo lwezandla, isib. Ulimi Lwezandla LwaseMexico, uLimi Lwezandla LaseColombia, njll.
Ubani Osebenzisa Ulimi Lwezandla LwaseSpain?
I-Andorra, i-Argentina, i-Belize, iBolivia, iChile, iColombia, iCosta Rica, iCuba, iDominican Republic, i-Ecuador, i-El Salvador, i-Gibraltar, i-Guatemala, i-Honduras, i-Mexico, i-Nicaragua, i-Panama, i-Paraguay, i-Peru, i-Puerto Rico, i-Spain ne-Venezuela yiyona Amazwe akhuluma iSpanishi emhlabeni wonke. Eziningi zala mazwe, izinhlangano zomphakathi zesithulu ziye zashicilela izichazamazwi zolimi lwezandla. Eziningi zezichazamazwi ezibalwe ngezansi zitholakala ekhasini le-Gallaudet Library "IziLimi Zempawu Zomhlaba, Ngegama," kanti ezinye zazivela ku-International Bibliography of Language Sign. Idatha yabantu ivela e-Ethnologue. Amanye amazwe amancane kakhulu ukuba angabi nawo ulimi lwawo lwangasese lwendabuko futhi esikhundleni salokho asebenzisa ulimi lwezandla lwaseMelika (ASL) noma into eseduze ne-ASL.
Andorra
I-Andorra iyizwe elincane kakhulu phakathi kweFrance neSpain elinabantu abangaphansi kuka-100 000. Insiza eyodwa ibonisa ukuthi u-Andora unesithulu esingaphansi kuka-5 000.
Angitholi noma yimiphi imithombo yolimi lwezandla olukhethekile lwe-Andorra. I-Belize enye izwe elincane, elinabantu abangaphansi kuka-300,000; Inani labantu abayizithulu lingaphansi kuka-15,000.
I-Argentina
Isihloko se-Deaf Community yase-Argentina sinemithombo yolimi lwezandla e-Argentina.
I-Bolivia
IBolivia inabantu abangezithulu abalinganiswa yisisetshenziswa esisodwa ukuba sibe ngu-50 000 kodwa abangaphansi kuka-500 abasebenzisa ulimi lwezandla lwaseBolivia.
I-Chile
I-Chile inale ncwadi kodwa ayiyona isichazamazwi solimi lwezandla Ngitshelwa: Pilleux, Mauricio, Cuevas, H., Avalos, E. (eds): El lenguaje de Señas. I-Valdivia: Univ. I-Australi de Chile 1991 - 151 k. Le ncwadi ichazwa ngokuthi "ukuhlaziywa kwezilimi" kolwimi lwezandla eChilean (LSCh). Ngatshelwa ukuthi "isihloko esithi" i-Syntax-Semantic Analysis, "futhi le ncwadi igxile kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni i-LSCh kusukela endaweni yokubuka yezilimi ngendlela efanayo yeStokoe ne-ASL. Ngenkathi kunenombolo efanele yemidwebo kufakiwe, konke okusetshenziselwa ukubonisa imininingwane ethile, njengokukhona kwezigaba ezihlukene njll "
I-Colombia
Kubonakala sengathi iColombia inesichazamazwi solimi lwesibonakaliso: Royet, uHenry Mejia, Lengua de Señas Columbiana, ngo-1996. Ukukhishwa kwamabhuku e-Library of Congress kwaveza enye incwadi, uDiccionario de gestos. España e Hispanoamérica / Giovanni Meo-Zilio, uSilvia Mejía, Bogotá: [Instituto Caro y Cuervo], 1980-1983.
I-Costa Rica
I-Costa Rica inesichazamazwi solimi lwesibonakaliso, eshicilelwe yinkampani yemfundo yomphakathi yemfundo ekhethekile: Departamento de Educación Especial (1979). I-Hacia i-inthanethi ye-inthanethi yokuxhumana. San Jose, Costa Rica: Departamento de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Educación Pública.
Cuba
Isichazamazwi solimi lwesibonakaliso saseCuba: I-Meneses Volumen, i-Alina (1993). I-Manual de lengua de señas cubanas. I-Habana, Cuba: ANSOC.
i-Dominican Republic
Enye imithombo ibonisa ukuthi ngenkathi iDominican Republic inenkulumo yesibonakaliso, kusobala ukuthi ayitholakali kahle. "Ngiphila futhi ngisebenza nezithulu eDominican Republic," kusho omunye wendawo. "Ulimi Lwezandla lapha," uLimi Lwezandla LwaseDominican, "lungase lubizwa ngokuthi ulimi lwe-ASL. Ngingalinganisa ukuthi cishe i-90% ifana ne-ASL, kodwa ngegama elincane, nokusetshenziswa kweminwe evezwe ikakhulukazi emagama abantu, imigwaqo, noma izindawo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoLimi Lwezandla kulo lonke izwe.
Lizwe elincane, futhi kukhona ukungafani kwesifunda, kodwa akuzona ezinkulu njengoba kunokuningi kokuxhumana phakathi kwezifunda. "
I-Ecuador
Isichazamazwi solimi lwe-Ecuador: I-Libro de señas: guia básica (1987). Quito, Ecuador: Sociedad de Sordo Adultos "Fray Luis Ponce de León," Proyecto "Mano Mano."
El Salvador
Ngokomthombo, i-El Salvador inezithulu ezingaphansi kuka-500,000. Kubikwa ukuthi yiLimi Lwezandla LaseSalvador, kodwa angikwazi ukuthola izinsiza. I-Bridgebuilders.org ibika ukuthi i-El Salvador ayikho isimiso solimi lwezandla olusemthethweni. Njengamanje, i-ASL isetshenziselwa ukufundisa izingane zaseSalvador, kodwa ngilindele ukuthi njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, izithulu zase-El Salvador zizoshintsha i-ASL ukuze zenze ulimi oluyisipesheli lwaseSalvador.
Gibraltar
I-Gibraltar yinye izwe elibonakala lincane kakhulu ukuba libe nelulimi lwalo lwezandla. Inani labantu lilonke lingaphansi kuka-30,000.
I-Guatemala
Isibalo sezithulu saseGuatemala silinganiselwe ukuthi silinganiselwa ku-700,000. Kukhona ulimi lwezandla lwaseGuatemalan, kodwa angikwazi ukuthola izinsiza.
I-Honduras
Omunye umthombo uthi: "Ngisebenzisana nabantu abayizithulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni eHonduras iminyaka eyisikhombisa edlule, futhi kukhona ulimi oluyisimangaliso oluhle kakhulu e-Honduras omdabu kuleli zwe. Igama lolimi yiLesho noma uLimi Lwezandla LwaseHonduran. "
Mexico
Ngenxa yenxenye yomphakathi omkhulu waseMexico e-United States (bheka lesi sihloko emphakathini wezithulu waseMexico ), kunezinsiza ezimbalwa ezikhona zokufunda ulimi lwezandla lwamaMexico:
- I-Institute for Disability Research and Training, Inc. (IDRT) inikeza uhlelo lomhumushi waseMexico / ASL
- Ukubhalisa i-Fiesta inikeza amavidiyo okuqeqesha ngolimi lwesandla waseMexico nesiNgisi.
- Isichazamazwi solimi lwesandla: Serafín García, Esther (1990). Umhlahlandlela wombhalo. I-México, i-DF: i-SEP
Ucwaningo luye lwenziwe nolimi lwesandla lwaseMexico:
- Ubunikazi beMpawu yaseMexico njengolimi luyi PDF elandelwayo etholakalayo evela kwi-SIL International.
ENicaragua
Ulimi lwezandla lwaseNicaragua selusemncane, olusungulwe kuphela ngawo-1990. Isichazamazwi solimi lwesandla, uLópez Gómez, uJuan Javier (1997). Diccionario del idioma de señas de Nicaragua, yanyatheliswa ngo-1997 yi-Asociación Nacional de Sordos de Nicaragua.
I-Panama
Isichazamazwi solimi lwesandla sePanama: Lengua de señas panameñas (1990). I-Panama: Asociación Nacional de Sordos de Panamá.
I-Paraguay
Inani labantu abayizithulu laseParaguay lilinganisiwe lingaphezu kuka-300,000, kodwa kubonakala sengathi alikho ulimi lwezandla lweParaguayan.
Peru
Isihloko esithi Ukungazizwa ePeru sinolwazi ngolimi lwezandla lwasePeruvia.
E-Puerto Rico
I-Gallaudet Encyclopedia yeZizwe Ezizizwayo Nezizwa Ezizizwayo (engashicilelwa) ine-athikili ekhuluma ngolimi lwezandla lwasePuerto Rican. Angazi ukuthi le ncwadi iyincazelo yesichazamazwi solimi lwasePuerto Rican, kodwa i-Library of Congress isesha leli bhuku: I-Aprende señas conmigo: i-lenguaje de señas en español-inglés = ulimi lwezandla ngesiNgisi-Spanish / Aida Luz Matos.San UJuan, u-PR: AL Matos; Río Piedras, PR: Concordia Gardens, ngo-1988.
Umuntu othile unginikeze lolu lwazi kimi:
"Ngifisa ukukwazisa ukuthi, njengoba nje ngiyazi, ku-PR ulimi lwezandla 'olusemthethweni' luyi-ASL. Amakilasi olimi lwezandla kanye nezinto ezihlobene nazo zinikezwa nge-ASL. Ngisho nezinkonzo zethu zokuThunyelwa kwezokuThuthukisa namahhovisi e-VRS zise-USA . Yingakho kungekho isichazamazwi solimi lwezandla zasePuerto Rican; nakuba ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kunabantu abaningi abaphikisanayo (futhi bafisa) ukuthi i-PR kufanele ibe nayo ngoba amazwe amaningi aseLatini enza. Mayelana nomlobi wencwadi wacaphuna u-Aida Luz I-Matos, naye unguMqondisi wezobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela. Incwadi yakhe ayibhaliwe, nakuba inikeza amakhophi ayo ngezindleko eziphansi.
Izimpendulo Zemihlatshelo Izithunywa zevangeli ezivela eBaltimore zixhaswe e-Aguadilla ngokuthi "Colegio San Gabriel para Niños Sordos" (iStabelel School for Children Deaf ") ngo-1904. Ngo-1909 bathuthela eSururce eSan Jorge Street. Ngo-1956 kwadluliselwa" eHermanas Franciscanas de la Inmaculada Concepción "waseValencia, eSpain Njengoba ngangifunda, izimbongolo zaseSpain zazibhekene nemfundo yezemfundo ezikoleni zezithulu zaseLatin America. Izinkomba ezitholakala kulezi zincwadi zewebhu (ziseSpanishi).
Ngo-1959 iSonto LamaVangeli Labayizithulu eLuquillo laxhaswa yizithunywa zevangeli zaseMelika ezazivela eJamaica.
ESpain
I-website ye-Biblioteca de Signos (i-Library of Signs) ibonakala iyinsiza evamile yolimi lwezandla lwaseSpain. Ihlanganisa ividiyo yezinkondlo ezisayinwe. Kukhona umbhalo wezincwadi ezishicilelwe ezilimini zolimi lwezandla, kuhlanganise nolimi lwesandla lwaseSpain. Izinsiza zaseSpain zihambisana nezifinyezo ezisayinwe. Ngokusekelwe kulolu buciko, kusobala ukuthi incwadi yesiNgisi i- Magazine of Logopedia, i-Foniatría ne-Audiología ishicilela njalo izihloko ngezilimi zesandla saseSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwebhusayithi inikeza izinsiza zokufunda ulimi lwezandla lweSpanishi njengezichazamazwi zolimi lwezandla zaseSpain. Esinye isichazamazwi esinjalo nguPinedo Peydró, uFélix Jesús (2000). Diccionario de Lengua de Signos Española. [Madrid]: Confederacion Nacional de Sordos de España (National Confederation of the Deaf People of Spain). I-Confederación Nacional de Sordos de España (National Confederation of the Deaf People of Spain) ishicilele amanye amaphepha ngolimi lwesandla lwaseSpain, njenge:
- U-Muñoz Baell (1999): ¿Cómo se articula la lingua de signos española ?, Madrid, CNSE.
- Rodríguez González (1992), Lenguaje de signos, Barcelona, Confederación Nacional de Sordos de España / Fundación ONCE.
Deafblind.com iphinde inikeze amagama alfabhethi eSpain.
I-Venezuela
I-Gallaudet University Press Book "Izilimi Ezibhalisiwe: Ukuthola okuvela ekucwaningweni kwamanye amazwe" kuxoxisana ngolimi lwezandla lweVenuzuelan ngengxenye. Olunye ucwaningo lwenziwe ngolimi lwezandla lwaseVenezuela: Oviedo, Alejandro: Contando cuentos en Lengua de Señas Venezolana. UMerida - UVenezuela: Universidad de los Andes 1996 - 124 k.
Izinsiza ezengeziwe
Ukusesha kwedatha ye-Eric kwaphakamisa lo mthombo:
EJ517972. Schein, Jerome D .. IsiSpanish Ngena ngemvume kumaMelika. I-ACEHI Journal / Revue i-ACEDA; i-v21 n2-3 p109-16 1995.ERIC_NO: EJ517972 ITITLE: IsiSpanish Ngena ngemvume kumaMelika. U-AUTHOR: Schein, Jerome D. PUBLICATION_DATE: 1995 JOURNAL_CITATION: ACEHI Journal / Revue ACEDA; i-v2 n2-3 p109-16 1995ABSTRACT: Ulimi Lwezandla LwaseSpain (SSL) manje lusetshenziswa ulimi lwesibili olusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sethula izinsiza zokutadisha i-SSL, kufaka phakathi izichazamazwi ezintathu ze-SSL - ezimbili ezivela e-Argentina nenye evela ePuerto Rico. Ukungafani ku-SSL phakathi naphakathi kwamazwe amabili kuphawulwe. Impumelelo yabafundisi abayizithulu eNyakatho Melika iyadonsela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, usesho lwe-Library ye-Congress lithole lezi zincwadi (kodwa akukho ulwazi olwengeziwe):
- Comunicación manual / Esther Serafín García., 1990.
- Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Diccionario mímico español / Félix Jesús Pinedo Peydró., 1981.