Abathwali Bomkhuhlane We-Typhoid Ngeke Bangaguli
UMfoweth 'uMdlingozi wayeyindoda yangempela ekuqaleni kuka-1900 eyayiyinkimbinkimbi (ngaphandle kwempawu) othwala uSalmonella typhi . Phakathi nesikhundla sakhe njengompheki, wabulala abantu abangu-47 abane-typhoid fever futhi engaqediwe ekugcineni ngemuva kokungalaleli izixwayiso ezivela ezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi futhi ayeke ukupheka.
I-typhoid isengokoqobo kulabo abahlala futhi basebenza ezindaweni lapho amanzi nokuhlanzeka kungabakhuzi ku-typhoid.
Lokhu kungase kube yisifo abagibeli abazithatha lapho bephesheya. Kungasakazeka ekudleni ukudla noma emanzini okuphuza noma kwezinye iziphuzo ezinama-bacterium we-typhoid. Ingozi yokutheleleka ingancishiswa ngomuthi wokugoma .
Igama lezinhlobo: I- Salmonella typhi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezidala i-Typhoid Fever. Ezinye izinhlobo, kuhlanganise ne- Salmonella enteritidis noma i- Salmonella typhimurium , zingabangela i- gastroenteritis (isifo sohudo) noma izifo ezifana ne-typhoid.
Uhlobo lwe-Microbe: Ama- bacteria a-Gram-negative
Indlela esakazeka ngayo
I-Salmonella typhi ingaxoshwa kubantu abane-typhoid fever, kanye nabathwali, abayisifo esivela kulesi sifo kodwa baqhubeke bephethe futhi baphala amabhaktheriya emanzini abo. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukungena kokudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolile nge- Salmonella typhi , kufaka phakathi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma ukugeza ukudla.
Ngubani osengozini?
Isifo somkhuhlane sivame kakhulu emazweni angasetshenziswanga, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America.
Amacala angaba ngu-400 ayenzeka unyaka ngamunye e-United States, iningi lawo elitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngamazwe. Emazweni asathuthuka, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-21.5 bathinteka ngonyaka. Kukhona umgomo ongasinciphisa lo mngcipheko.
Izimpawu
Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo uma unomkhuhlane ngemuva kokuhamba.
Lezi zifo zingabangela umkhuhlane omkhulu ka-103 F kuya ku-104 F, ubuhlungu besisu, ikhanda, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla. Lesi sifo singathatha isikhashana ukuthuthukisa. Kungaba nesifo sohudo noma ukuqothulwa. Kukhona ukuqhuma. Abanye bangase babe nokuphulukiswa kwesibindi sabo kanye nokuhlinzwa kwesidingo. Izimpawu zivame ukuba zidinga ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ukuze baqaphele.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngesisekelo sama-antibodies emazweni lapho i-Typhoid ejwayelekile khona. Lokhu kudinga udokotela onolwazi ukuze ahumushe. Amasiko wegazi noma esitokisini. I-Bone marrow aspirate nayo iyindlela enomthelela enamandla kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
Isibikezelo
Njengoba ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, izimpawu ziqala ukulula phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3, futhi ukuphawula okujwayelekile kulungile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, umkhuhlane ungadlulela amasonto kuya ezinyangeni, kanti lesi sifo sibulala abantu abangaba ngu-20% abantu abahluphekile.
Ukwelapha
Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho noma unesi ngomuthi. Lokhu kungaba yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kufanele ilashwe nganoma yiluphi usizo lwezokwelapha olutholakala. Ama-antibiotics (Ceftriaxone trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, noma i-ciprofloxacin) ivame ukushiwo. Lezi antibiotics kungenzeka zingasebenzi noma ngabe kukhona ukumelana lapho isikhutha sithathwa khona. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wezokwelapha.
Ukukhethwa kwama-antibiotic kuncike ekutheni i-antibiotic-ukumelana endaweni lapho ukutheleleka kutholakala khona. Kungadinga ama-antibiotic e-IV nokwelapha amasonto amabili (ngokuvamile ngokuphathwa ngemithi yomlomo yokwelapha okuningi).
Ukuvimbela
Imithi emibili etholakalayo e-United States ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-typhoid: umuthi wokugoma ngomlomo (Vivotif Berna) kanye nomgomo wokugoma (iTyphim Vi). Uma uhamba ezweni elithuthukayo lapho umkhuhlane we-typhoid ungase ube yinkinga, bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo wokugoma okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ngisho noma ngabe ugonywe esikhathini esidlule, i-booster ingadingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza imikhuba yokudla ephephile ngenkathi uhamba. Phuza kuphela amabhodlela noma amanzi abilisiwe, udle kuphela ukudla okushisayo, okuphekwe kahle, futhi udle kuphela izithelo ezivuthiwe nemifino ehlanjululwe futhi ehlanjululwe.
Ukuthi kubangelwa kanjani izifo
Noma kuphi kusukela ngesonto elilodwa kuya enyangeni eyodwa emva kokuthi i- Salmonella typhi isiphuzo, ingena emathunjini, iphindaphindeka iphinde isakaze egazini. Ama-bacteria angakwazi ukusabalala esitebeleni nasebindi, lapho ephindaphinda khona, aphinde angene egazini legazi, abangela ukugula futhi asakaze esihlokweni senyosi futhi abuyele emathunjini, lapho kubonakala khona umonakalo omkhulu emathunjini.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zesifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid zibangelwa ukuphendula kwamagciwane ngamanani amaningi we-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), okuyisici esinobuthi be-bacterial surface. Amasosha omzimba akhipha amaprotheni okuthiwa ama-cytokines asebenze impendulo eqinile yokuvuvukala emabhaktheriya. Lapho amabhaktheriya engena egazini, impendulo yomzimba igxila kuzo zonke izicubu nezitho zomzimba wonke futhi ingaba yingozi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic.
Izinkinga
Ngaphezu kokufaka ingozi yokufa noma ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo, eminye imiphumela engaba khona ye- Salmonella typhi ukutheleleka kuhlanganisa ukulimala kwesibindi, i-toxemia (ubuthi be-bacterium egazini), i-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwe-myocardium enhliziyweni), futhi izilonda zamathumbu zingase zenzeke.
Imithombo:
I-Salmonella spp. I-USFDA Incwadi Engalungile Yegciwane. Isikhungo sokuPhepha kokuPhepha nokuKondla.
I-Fever Yomkhuhlane. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo.
Salyers, AA no-Whitt, DD. I-Pathogenesis ye-Bacterium. Indlela Yengqamuzana. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC 1994. iphe. 229-243.